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The theme-song of General J.E.B. Stuart’s famous cavalry is attributed to the leader of his camp band and banjoist, Sam Sweeney. This signature song, the words possibly penned by Stuart himself, was “Jine the Cavalry”. Though the composer is uncertain, it is thought to have been adapted by Sweeney, who, after enlisting in the cavalry in 1862, soon came to the general’s attention and suddenly found himself a member of Stuart's staff and his personal minstrel troupe.
As Burke Davis wrote in his great biography of Stuart, “JEB Stuart - the Last Cavalier”,
“Stuart must have more music.…there was always music. Sweeney on the banjo, Mulatto Bob on the bones, a couple of fiddlers […] Sweeney rode with Stuart on the outpost day and night. Stuart often sang and Sweeney plucked the strings behind him. . . . “
One of Stuart’s most trusted staff officers, Heros Von Borcke, recalled In 1866, in his Memoirs of the Confederate War for Independence, that Stuart was “…always the gayest and noisiest of the party... usually the festivities closed with the famous song... Jine the Cavalry.”
And from the Charleston Mercury in Jan. of 1863: “…Are your readers aware that Gen. J.E.B. Stuart carries with him wherever he goes, in all his circuits and raids, a brother of Joe Sweeney, the famous banjo player? Such is the fact. […] He carries his banjo behind his saddle, wrapped up in a piece of oil- cloth, and whenever the cavalry stop, even to water their horses, the band strikes up on the banjo and picks a merry air.”
The structure and melody of the song is ‘borrowed’ from the chorus of an older, early-minstrel stage favorite, "Down in Alabama", believed to have been composed by Sam's older brother, Joel. Sam was the younger brother to Joel ‘Joe’ Sweeney, who greatly popularized the banjo beginning in the mid-1800’s, and went on to become leader of the world-famous 1845 touring group, the Virginia Minstrels.
The lyrics of “Jine the Cavalry” tell the story of many of Stuart’s adventures and exploits. The song soon became the ‘anthem’ of the dashing Confederate cavalry leader, who, when not actively fighting Yankees, loved good music, singing and dancing.
A member of the 2nd Virginia Cavalry, Sam Sweeney died in camp, on January 13, 1864.