Judaism in China (1126-present)

[@SamAronow]

Before anyone asks: yes, the previous two episodes were just setup for this. Project Imperial China: kzbin.info/aero/PLfp1VB3Lm4IliePR_gQtPa27Gof_XPh0F

[@watsoniw1093]

Judaism in Calcutta ????

[@theklorg305]

@@watsoniw1093 Thats in "Judaism in India"

[@theklorg305]

Will you be doing Judaism in Japan and the Pacific? It might be a smaller video. I'd also love Judaism in America, but I bet that will be well-covered earlier.

[@tudormiller887]

Judaism in China ? Amazing!! Shalom ✡️

[@tudormiller887]

I'm Jewcurios. Watching from London UK 🇬🇧 Shalom ✡️

[@TinChungCheung]

At 14:13, the Chinese name of Jakob Rosenfeld should be 羅生特/羅森菲爾德 but not 何鳳山. 何鳳山 was the Chinese Consul who saved the Jews in Europe (13:11). Nevertheless it is another excellent video on Jewish history, thanks so much Sam!

[@SamAronow]

Damn, I must have forgotten to change the label when I re-used it. But I'm glad you enjoyed it!

[@okhuibutala1640]

I'm from South Korea How about Korean ? Judiasm ?

[@jasondelrosario5523]

@@SamAronow JEWS IN CHINA AREN'T REAL JEWS!!!! THEY'RE ETHNIC CHINESE!! I GOOGLED JEWS IN CHINA AND THEY ALL LOOK LIKE ETHNIC CHINESE!!! STOP THIS ZIONISM!!

[@sunnyuutinn]

YOU ARE not , not , NOT from south korea , ok ?! @@okhuibutala1640

[@sunnyuutinn]

STOP STEALING OTHER PEOPLE'S COUNTRIES, STOP STEALING OTHER PEOPLE 'S LAND , OK ??!!@@okhuibutala1640

[@yosefzanerva806]

I love how the Hata asks Kalish why the Natzis hate Jews, and the Rabbi just responds with "because we're Asian." He knew what he was doing, and he did it good.

[@andrewstirling2051]

I never get tired of Jewish history. The fact that the Jewish people take every shape, color and size is amazing! Keep up the good work, Sam!

[@nomore2001]

The shapeshifting Jew is a centuries old antisemitic trope, please do not perpetuate it.

[@okhuibutala1640]

Jews - light of the world Messiah is light of the world

[@christopherrodarte9822]

How is it genetically possible that a group of people changes their appearance in different parts of the world. At best they would appear to be mixed with other people instead of looking exactly like the people that they dwell near. That story doesn't seem to add up.

[@michaelclasby6648]

@@christopherrodarte9822 because Jews generally have mixed with different populations when in the diaspora but are all still related to other Jewish groups regardless of location, as they all descend from a common gene pool

[@christopherrodarte9822]

@@michaelclasby6648 That doesn't answer the question that I asked.

[@golonawailus4312]

As the grandson of Kaifeng Jewish, thank you for making this video

[@golonawailus4312]

@Sacred Warrior definitely, still recovering the community due to long term government restrictions

[@golonawailus4312]

@Sacred Warrior You, too, and a late Hanukkah wishes~

[@chnsm]

Does your situation is getting better and you can practice your religion freely?

[@yko_7313]

How is the situation with being recognized in Israel?

[@jonyprepperisrael60]

Japanese general:why would they presecude you? Jewish rabbi:cause we are asian Japanese general:I cant imagine people being so racists against fellow asians A random chinese,about to be executed on spot: me neither

[@yohaneschristianp]

You think Japanese is any better ? Korean minority there can tell you the story

[@Jzh733]

@@alamba1165 yes, the killing of a civilian.

[@okhuibutala1640]

God is love Hopefully all of us Listen to the Messiah's messages - love ❤️🐑🙏

[@Zev-number1]

Woah jony??? I remember you from savs discord

[@Weeping-Angel]

So sad but still funny

[@StephenDeagle]

A Jewish-Chinese mother? Now that's a kid whose got some expectations of his prospects.

[@hackman669]

Are the Chinese Jews going extinct are will they remain? Hope they survive along with other minority groups. World needs to protect its diversity and cultural heritage.

[@charlesstuart7290]

My cousin lived in China for many years and did visit the Jews of Kaifang. He also assisted an emissary from Lubavitch (who had no Chinese language skills) in setting up services in his city in Canton province. While as the film states Judaism is not a recognized religion in China, the authorities were not bothered if obviously non Chinese people were taking part. When local Chinese people became interested and started to go to these services, it was another matter.

[@screamtoasigh9984]

This is not true. At all. China goes after religions. And they went after Kaifeng Jews, but not only. They also have a scary obsession with Jews.. Scary as it's China.

[@screamtoasigh9984]

If China didn't have a problem, there would still be an actual continuous Jewish population.

[@Grmario85]

Incredible. Last thing i was expecting was a surviving Chinese Jewish community.

[@victorviereck4117]

Well if the CCP has there way , not for long!

[@nehcooahnait7827]

@@victorviereck4117 lol I like these days people just assume CCP is the embodiment of all evils. Time to join a cult.

[@airpaintpellet]

They intermarried and assimilated into Chinese society (this is what happens when a society is not antisemetic and welcoming). I think dna tests have been done. The majority of their dna is Chinese however their paternal haplogroups are J1 and J2, like other jewish groups.

[@uriahlevi8640]

Thank you for making this video. I’m a Bukharim Jew that was born and raised in China, and this video really made me filled with pride and emotions.

[@hackman669]

Good to know someone is still alive. How many of you are left? Hope you prosper!!!

[@uriahlevi8640]

@@hackman669 not really. My community is already gone for long and only some traditions were kept in my family, without much knowledge to what’s the meaning of the blessings we say on a daily basis. Thankfully I’m in the US for college so I’ve got to regain a lot of my culture from the Jewish community here. Sad that I didn’t inherited much Bukharim traditions. As for the Kaifeng Jews - their community still is alive but the community has shrunken over the past decades, again. They were being heavily suppressed during Hanukkah Celebration in 2019, and I haven’t heard anything from them again.

[@golonawailus4312]

@@uriahlevi8640 hi another Kaifengim 你好，我也在美国，纽约，有机会出来约一下，我爷爷奶奶是

[@jjhwangkorsin]

Fun fact: Former PM Ehud Olmert’s (Kadima, 2006-2009) grandfather was from Harbin and spoke his last words in Chinese!

[@jasonssavitt5297]

China saved over half a million jews during ww2

[@theklorg305]

Which side?

[@ShangDiAboveGodhood]

@@jasonssavitt5297 Yes, but those before them were not so loving to China (when they profited richly from opium).

[@davidschalit907]

@@ShangDiAboveGodhood Who didn't profit from China?

[@ShangDiAboveGodhood]

@@davidschalit907 Perhaps, but they often get their fair share of rebuke for it. In the case of Jews it's unique, however - because, having been victims of persecution, it's more difficult for most to levy critiques against them if they have been among said persecutors. China welcomed Jews time and time again though, so it makes it more odd in their case why they'd hurt China when we didn't want to hurt them.

[@JG-ze3te]

Thank you so much you helped me learn about Jewish-Chinese family thank you so so so much!!! 🇨🇳✡️

[@Gagis]

This show is exceptionally well produced! I greatly enjoy learning world history trough specific perspectives or threads like this that weave trough the same eras with their own histories, sometimes paralleling each other. A small local parallel is that the small Jewish community in Helsinki is also descended from forced conscripts of the Russian empire who were garrisoned here trough the russification campaigns, in a distant corner of the empire far away from their homes. They stayed when the Russian empire itself ceased to exist.

[@princekrazie]

You, an illiterate peasant: Judaism. Me, a fancy scholar: Blue Cap Muslims.

[@whohan779]

Not even. Yes, the two first characters mean 'blue'(=蓝) and 'cap'(=帽) respectively. But even if we assume the other(回) to be a noun (which we probably shouldn't) it's simply meaning '(a )return'. Shortest common way to write 'Muslim' is '清真' (both characters themselves don't hint at that meaning as they complement each other). (Disclaimer: I'm assuming simplified script for this video, which didn't exist back then.)

[@whohan779]

​@Sungindra Setiawan I can see that. But in this case it should be written as such and at most clarified in parentheses like "blue cap Hui (mostly Muslims)". Otherwise it's like those famous examples of a common Asian dish written in four characters, but verbosely described in English using upwards of one hundred letters. It's just unfair to imply a deeper meaning that really doesn't exist like some of those celeb tattoos.

[@BB-zy7nu]

@@whohan779 The Chinese used to refer to all muslims with the term 回, including Hui muslims and Turkic/other muslims groups. 回回 was a generic term that referred to all muslims, and different gruops were identifies by adding other characters in front of 回. The term 回 is thought to have originated from 回鹘 (huihu), the ancient Chinese name for Uyghers, and is probably just another name for foreigners like 胡 (hu), just in a more western sense.

[@whohan779]

@@BB-zy7nu So it's basically just an archaic term that could be a bit ambiguous (unless 回 was never used for the noun return). Thanks for the clarification. Maybe I missed a memo that some of those terms may be incomprehensible to modern speakers of the language.

[@judylim3940]

No name calling

[@jeff__w]

4:36 “Keep in mind that Western scholars like the Jesuits had yet to categorize Confucianism as a religion. So this wasn’t seen as a contradiction within the Jewish community.” Why would a Jewish community that had been in China for about three hundred years care what Western scholars, and especially Christians like the Jesuits, had to say about whether Confucianism was a religion?

[@jerryx3253]

They don’t. Cause most people in China who were familiar with Confucianism knew that it’s not a religion at all. (Jesuits’ perception of religious nature of Confucianism stemmed from the veneration ceremony of Confucian as a great philosopher, which they classified as close to celebrating Sainthood, even Ricci admitted Confucianism is not a religion)

[@ShangDiAboveGodhood]

@@jerryx3253 Only ... they _didn't_ "know" that it wasn't a religion. Because it is. Confucius believed in: • God 《論語•堯曰•一》『予小子履，敢用玄牡，敢昭告于皇皇后帝：有罪不敢赦。帝臣不蔽，簡在帝心。』 • Worship of God 《論語•八佾•一一》『或問禘之說。子曰：「不知也。知其說者之於天下也，其如示諸斯乎！」指其掌。』 • Heaven & Earth 《禮記•哀公問•八》『孔子曰：「天地不合，萬物不生。」』 • Spirits 《論語•八佾•一二》『祭如在，祭神如神在。子曰：「吾不與祭，如不祭。」』 • Ancestors 《禮記•曲禮下•一二二》『祭王父曰皇祖考，王母曰皇祖妣。父曰皇考，母曰皇妣。夫曰皇辟。生曰父、曰母、曰妻，死曰考、曰妣、曰嬪。壽考曰卒，短折曰不祿。』 • Prayer 《論語•述而•三五》『子疾病，子路請禱。子曰：「有諸？」子路對曰：「有之。誄曰：『禱爾于上下神祇。』」子曰：「丘之禱久矣。」』 • Orthodoxopraxy 《論語•子路•三》『名不正，則言不順；言不順，則事不成；事不成，則禮樂不興；禮樂不興，則刑罰不中；刑罰不中，則民無所措手足。』 &c Ricci didn't "admit" anything counterfactual. Rather, he only misunderstood and therefore misbelieved thinking it isn't Religion. To answer @Jeff W's legitimate question, one must cite _actual_ sources, such as the fact that in 1489 (some 93-112 years before Jesuits even become relevant in China), Jews were literally trying to justify their own religion in light of three others : *Confucianism,* Buddhism, Daoism. Yes. In _that_ precise order. They held Confucianism in such high regard as a Faith that they put it even above Buddhism itself (which in today's standards is less hassled as to the status of its religiosity...). They saw it as the _most_ compatible with their own and worthy of First Comparison/Citation (theirs being final citation): 《重建清真寺記》 ﹃ 惟三教各有殿宇，尊崇其主。 在儒則有大成殿，尊崇孔子， 在釋則有聖容殿，尊崇牟尼， 在道則有玉皇殿，尊崇三清。 在清真則有一賜樂業殿，尊崇皇天。 ﹄ Of course, they're dishonest in their own assessment just as well since that last line ought to read _在清真則有一賜樂業殿，尊崇𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤄。_ 皇天 is not only equally Venerated in Confucianism but is unequally present within Confucianism BEFORE all of the others (Brother Daoism exempted - I mean foreign) since, they are making a translatory effort entering Chinese whereas Confucianism's inheritance from the Old Faith is completely Native & Natural. Moreover, within Confucianism as without, 皇天 is objectively above 孔子 since 皇天 Rules over all 神 (like 𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤄) and all 聖 (like 孔子).

[@ShangDiAboveGodhood]

@@xunqianbaidu6917 What's nonsense is your inability to give a real rebuttal.

[@valmarsiglia]

A friend of mine's grandmother grew up in the Harbin Russian-Jewish community. She was a fascinating person. She showed us her report card and other school memorabilia once.

[@marcello7781]

The more I watch your videos the more wish you could write a book with all the interesting stories of the Jewish historical characters you've covered so far. Good job, Sam!

[@Normal_user_coniven]

Can you make an episode about the Jewish Oblast in Eastern Siberia?

[@SamAronow]

Eventually. We've got some time to go before that though.

[@matthewbrotman2907]

Shanghai was also a center for Indian Jewish trading families, like the Sassoons. “Exactly what persecution they had fled is unknown.” Too many to choose from 😆

[@hohoogi7225]

english: amazing vid! as a jew in israel i allwas want to know more about my people. soo thank you! hebrew :סרטון נהדר! בתור יהודי בישראל אני תמיד רוצה לדעת על העם שלי . אז תודה לך!

[@VivaChandles]

Your videos are focused in topic but reach a wide audience. I’m an atheist from Texas but I am delighted to see every and all new uploads. I find your videos informative and learn something new every time.

[@מ.מ-ה9ד]

Is that true that in the 1947 partition plan for Palestine, China intended to use it's veto against the resolution, but Israeli diplomats called to Morris 'Two Guns' to persuade the Chinese leadership to abstain from that vote?

[@SamAronow]

Yes.

[@lrt_unimog8316]

@@SamAronow The RoC quickly recognised 🇮🇱 once the dust had settled--and see also the nuclear cooperation later on.

[@vanshaggarwal3437]

Really great, appreciate your attention to detail, showing Tripura and Manipur as princely states in the map. Keep making awesome videos

[@patria3023]

13:02 My great grandma on my Bubbe’s side was a sugihara survivor. I aught to make a video about her. Thank you for the mention.

[@Zeyev]

One of my uncles and two of his brothers were born in Harbin. Their last name suggests they fled from what is today Poland or Belarus. Most of the family eventually came to San Francisco but one of my uncle's sisters went to Tashkent instead. A typically Jewish story, no?

[@Artur_M.]

I neglected to leave a comment during my first viewing (mainly because I had the whole playlist to watch), so here I am: First of all, Two-Gun Cohen was really awesome. Second, Harbin was such a fascinating city. Did you encounter in your research any information about interactions between Jewish and Polish communities there? Because there was also a significant Polish community in Harbin. The city was arguably created by Polish engineers (subjects of the Russian Empire), working on the Chinese Eastern Railway, chiefly Adam Szydłowski. There were Polish newspapers, a gymnasium (middle/high school), a church and so on. Volunteers born and raised in Harbin fought in Polish units during WW2 at Tobruk and in Italy. Fun fact: Harbin Brewery, China's oldest and currently 4th largest one, was created by a Pole, Jan Wróblewski.

[@jimlim9472]

The video seems to not cover the very controversial “Fugu Plan”, which was proposed by the Empire of Japan and supported by Abraham Kaufman among Jews in Asia. (It seems that Soviet Union took Kaufman back to Russia not because he was Russian, since Puyi and his family, the “emperor” of Manchukuo, were also detained to Soviet Union then). Although the video seems to imply it by talking about how Japanese show sympathy to Jews because “Jews have black hair”. This plan is currently used by some Chinese netizens to spread antisemitism and Jewish conspiracy theories in China, along with the information that Elias David Sassoon, the leading opium trader to China in the 19th century, was an Iraqi Jew.

[@souwannabeafilmcriticya1964]

opium trade was objectively bad move, plus the usual rundown of-if someone do bad you dont blame the whole group etc- whats interesting to me is motivation. cause everything including antisemtisem will use sparks of truths with the right motivations. Christian/muslim world u may say the motivation was theology. they even went bloody on each other for theology. in europe it may be because of classic xenophobia, that is universal human feature. and also existed between different European groups. in the 20s hundreds, it was ideology. jews, may have represented a communist/capitalist symbols. that too was targeted to more than just jews. but what is the chinese motivation? cause this two groups almost didnt not interacted in a meaningful way. jews were/are negligible demographic. so the classic xenophobia case of fear of growing strangers or a threat to the native culture, isnt seem enough. theology cant be it either in current mainland china. so what is it ? ideology? cause is seems that china is on the communist pill right now.so Hitler germany case against the jews of agents of communism isnt there either.

[@yrobtsvt]

very unfortunate to hear -- scholarly consensus is that the "Fugu Plan" was NOT actually a plan, but simply a vague confluence of interests among Japanese right-wing military dudes.

[@ShangDiAboveGodhood]

What matters most here is jewish antiSinitism. Why did they come to hurt us and spread opium in the first place when we didn't do anything to israel?

[@shihuawang8759]

​@@souwannabeafilmcriticya1964作为中国人来回答你的动机问题，因为日本侵华期间，犹太人没有同情中国人，所以犹太人出现负面新闻时，中国人也不会同情犹太人。需要提醒的是中国没有反对犹太人，对犹太人有一定的好感度。同样提醒你，中国有些人崇拜阿道夫希特勒，喜欢德国军队。中国非常复杂。不要用动机来衡量中国人思维。中国人非常讨厌你们说的共产主义，资本主义，自由主义思想灌输。我们有自己的判断能力。家庭内部打架，外人不能插嘴，否则外人会受到攻击。

[@patrickkelmer6290]

My Chabad-rebbetzin here in Copenhagen lives because her grandfather was saved by Sugihara.

[@marcusvachon845]

History is extremely fascinating to me. Thank you.

[@okhuibutala1640]

Humen fascinating you Elohim father is extremely fascinating to me 🤗

[@olegkirovskii2720]

Oh, Harbin is great. I've been to European cemetery in Harbin, which is divided into Russian and Jewish parts. Very same experiences as Jewish cemeteries elsewhere in the Central Asia and Far East... I believe, Stalin saw Kaufman more as a traitor and a person who collaborated with Japanese than as a Soviet citizen. Anyway, at that time legal aspects received little attention anyway...

[@kiril-jiwoo]

Thank you for making this video. I've been eager to learn about Judaism in east asia for a while now.

[@lerneanlion]

One of my wishes has been granted! Thank you for doing a video about Judaism in China! Please do one about Judaism in Turkey! I would love to see the joyous but watershedding moment when the Ottoman Sultan, Beyazid II, dispatched a fleet headed by one of his best admirals, to take them from Spain and to their new homes in the Ottoman Empire.

[@Dor150]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/hqmqpXeViNZ_rdE he actually did, not specifically about Turkish Jews but what you described in the video is there in the last episode

[@Iwonderwhy153]

Thank you so much for an amazing collection of information. It was put in a concise, precise, and informative way, so I could have a great understanding of the Jews in China. 🙏🙏🙏🙏

[@pauldogon2578]

Thank you Sam, I have been looking for a channel that tells the true history of our people

[@danivoorhees1240]

I have already seen a couple of videos on this channel and want to let the person and or people who are presenting these videos here know how much I am enjoying them and that I am looking forward to viewing more of them here. My best wishes and gratitude, Dani.

[@thedemongodvlogs7671]

I've been waiting for so long for this one!!

[@jeff__w]

13:42 “…a vexed field marshal Shinroku Hata…” I’ve found various versions of this story. One source, _The Rabbi of 84th Street: The Extraordinary Life of Haskel Besser_ by Warren Kozak (2004), refers to “the Japanese military governor” as calling for the rabbis. Another, _The Fugu Plan: The Untold Story of the Japanese and the Jews During World War II_ by Marvin Tokayer and Mary Swartz (1979), centers the story on Kobe (not Shanghai) and refers to “four admirals” as talking to the rabbis. What source refers to Shinroku Hata? (The "Jews Under Japanese Domination: 1939-1945" seems not to have any reference to this incident at all.)

[@adigazel]

this is incredible, my grandfather and his father were born and raised in shanghai (after moving there from iraq) and lived in a jewish neigborhood with a temple. during WW2 the neighborhood was made into a ghetto, by force of the japanese (which my grandfather always described as extremely cruel) and they finally moved to israel after the communists took control, when my grandfather was 13. (he had his bar mitzva on the boat!) no one ever believes me here in israel when i mention my grandfather was from china, and i usually just say i'm german from my mother's side, and now i have a video to direct them to! great production

[@marcelogoncalvesdocouto7288]

Great video as always man! Do you plan to make a video on Beta Israel (Ethiopian Jews) history?

[@footballfan5462]

He did

[@BarelyInformedWithElad]

wow great vid

[@dhribbler7303]

Are you planning to make an episode on the Yemenit Jewish community?

[@Michael-do2xf]

Thank you for your work! I got shivers at the end there. Am Israel chai

[@yakigesher-zion7289]

All respect to the Chinese

[@guardianofthehill]

One thing that intrigues me: Obviusly, the jewish community in the People's Republic of China is, to put it mildly, not doing so well right now. But what is the state of the jewish community in Taiwan? (if there even is a community of Jews there)

[@SamAronow]

There are more Jews in Taiwan than there used to be, as Taiwan is much more of a western-style immigrant society than most people realize, and they seem to be doing quite well. But there are only about 800 of them.

[@rezajafari6395]

I imagine it's pretty much just a handful of Israeli and American expat families in Taipei and Kaoshiung

[@LibeliumDragonfly]

@@rezajafari6395 you would've imagined right

[@muhammadscott571]

@@SamAronow 800 isnt too bad for an island like Taiwan, the number is growing too! It's amazing how the Jews can adapt to any country and environment despite the hardships.

[@Shinzon23]

I'm pretty sure most of them fled as far away as possible to get from the red Chinese...Taiwan is in range of artillery batteries, so it's not exactly the safest place to go...

[@eloyverabel3929]

Another important jewish figure in the Chinise Civil War was Mikhail "Borodin". He was the soviet liaison to Sun Yat-Sen's early republican government and the one who brokered the deal between the Kuomintang and the CCP known as the First United Front. The United States were quite worried about the Soviet Union's influence in China and the US ambassador tried to distance Sun from Borodin by appealing to anti-semitic sentiment (that for some reason he thought would also exist among the chinese?). He said something along the lines of "How could yo accept such help from a foreing agent? Don't you know his true surname (Gruzenberg)?" Sun replied "I do. It's Lafayette".

[@arthur4350]

I saw all your videos to prep up for your latest. So glad to be all caught up.

[@doomera5911]

dude, I waited for this

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

Just finished the video. It's a great video.

[@AlexanderFuchs64]

Another very interesting video about the history of the various Jewish communities. My great grandfather was one of those Russians who fled to china towards the end of the 19th century doing trade in fur. I always thought that the Japanese general's reply to the N@zi was that he's an Army general and religious maters do not concern him. The Chinese population was indeed sympathetic to the Jews including the refugies from Europe and did not cooperate with the Japanese occupiers.

[@milascave2]

As a member of the navy during WW 2 who went to Jan to fight and saw the war finish, he was able to spend some time in pre-communist China. He met one of China's Jews. My father was Orthodox Jewish at the time and was pleased to meet this young man, who was eager to reconnect with world Jewery and study its texts. But what happe3ned to the man after that he did not know.

[@beng9813]

Worth noting that there are ongoing efforts to bring the remaining Kaifeng Jews to Israel. The organization Shavei Israel in particular has attempted this with moderate success, although I believe their Chinese office was recently destroyed. Hopefully they all make it safely back home.

[@nehcooahnait7827]

Well some Palestinians are gonna lose their properties. Yes this is a joke that takes inspiration from the obvious bullshit happening in Israel-Palestine

[@screamtoasigh9984]

@@nehcooahnait7827 since fakestinians are invaders from Arabia wtf cares?

[@朱胜昌]

We have almost merged with the Han nationality, and only 1% of us are Jews physically. However, their ethnic groups still keep their original living habits and don't eat pork. Ancient nomads in the north almost merged with our Han nationality, and of course with Turks. Almost all of us Han people are mixed with other nationalities, and we never like to discuss the Han people's problems. We are the largest Han nationality, and almost all of them live together with other nationalities. It doesn't matter if we follow them. The Hui people you mentioned today are only 1% Jewish, or even less than 1%. At that time, life in our country was so good that they simply wanted to go back, but the Romans in the Middle East obviously couldn't accept it. They were mutually exclusive with Jews, but we were integrated with them, and finally we achieved great national integration. Great national integration has always been the dream of our Han people. Unlike Europe, we can have a peaceful country only by achieving great ethnic integration. At that time, the Tang Dynasty of China was the most ideal and open country in the world. Jews were reluctant to leave because our country was economically prosperous. At that time, many businesses in China stayed up all night and were brightly lit all night. If there were satellites, you could see the brightest China at night, which means that it was the same thing that Jews went to the most beautiful country in the world at that time.

[@sharpfactory3705]

Your Videos are amazing Keep up your good work greatings from an German Sinto and Historian

[@borisyuabov7292]

Thanks so much. I am doing Seder Olam Rabbah presentations in Russian and wanted to learn from you some techniques.

[@lrt_unimog8316]

9:11 HK is actually fairly well-drawn-the shape of the islands is recognisable :) 9:28 CLP! CLP! 11:35 We don’t often call him that, except for one road in Macau; he is 孫中山 to us.

[@SamAronow]

Well, that figure of 55 is on the PRC, not me.

[@lrt_unimog8316]

@@SamAronow (Relocated for formatting) 16:08 Gaoshan=ALL Taiwanese Aborigines, and is a blanket term that said Aborigines would take offense to-as such, it’s been a while since I took the figure of 55 seriously. The communist entity took their cues from the Kremlin, and only recognised ethnicities with sufficient population that propaganda in their language could be made, and CCP members chosen from them.(Some of these 55 would also only be debatably considered minorities elsewhere-the She are practically totally assimilated as Hakkas, a sub-ethnicity of the Han, and the Manchurians are even more assimilated, with their language having died.) A few of these are not known by the same name elsewhere; the Miao are the Hmong.

[@nehcooahnait7827]

@@SamAronow what do you mean ‘on PRC’？ he is referred as 孫中山 everywhere. His hometown was named 中山市 for that. Yat-sen is rarely used and always specified as styled name in any intro of him. He name is Sun Wen孫文. 中山 came from his Japanese alias 中山樵.

[@nehcooahnait7827]

@@lrt_unimog8316 hakka is a folk group 民系.

[@nehcooahnait7827]

@@lrt_unimog8316 PRC adopted Soviet ethnographic research methodology, with its pros and cons, and its efforts of ethnic recognition were never finalized due to the interruption of The Cultural Evolution. There No (edit**) is political willing to resume it and they are some legit academic reasons why the idea of ethnic recognition is problematic in nature. Tho the Manchus at a large scale are sinicized, and their language is dead in practice, it is irresponsible to say that they are no longer considered to be an ethnic minority and no longer exists.

[@nowhereman6019]

It's nice to hear some Jewish history where the Jews aren't constantly teetering between persecution and massive cultural shifts.

[@kuroazrem5376]

I once read that all of Kaifeng Jews converted to Islam after the XVII flood and that Hui Muslims returned some scrolls to them.

[@SamAronow]

Only the Zhang converted to Islam, and only at the turn of the 20th century.

[@qentrepreneurship9987]

Wow!! I love this channel. Cheers guys from lake Titicaca Bolivia

[@fullcircle4723]

Great informative video! Thank you.

[@jonyprepperisrael60]

Hi,theres a chance you got confuzed over the healthcare part,since it wasnt him but another jewish-austrian doctor that fled to shangai and then joined the people's army against the japanese,named richard frey. He founded the first medical digital data base in china.

[@peterwong8186]

I could be part Jewish but since intermarriage with Chinese have been mixed over thousands of years ...... there could be an explanation of Chinese telling me that I don't look like Chinese since my shape of the eyes don't resemble oriental. Only DNA testing can tell if I am part Jewish ....

[@metroidsboy]

Excellent video, very well done!

[@andoreh]

Amazing job as always Sam! It is really eye opening knowing Jewish history and your work is incredibly important to it.

[@caff8305]

מעריכה את העבודה על הסרטונים האלו:)

[@jordeldennie7266]

Let's go I have been waiting for this one

[@DaviChaves89]

yo bro do one about the brazilian jews who founded New York

[@JesPulido]

Fascinating. Love it

[@מ.מ-ה9ד]

*5:18* *The first meme in the channel!*

[@themacandcheeseorca1128]

Out of curiosity, do you ever want to run for The Knesset? You'd make a good MK.

[@prettypurple7175]

Abstract Jews were deeply involved in Communist revolutions in Europe, and primarily in Russia, often in leading positions. This is understandable given their demographic location, extensive education and suffering over the years. However, how could we account for the fact that they also played a role in Communist revolutions in Asia, and especially in China? There were practically no Jewish communities to speak of and those few who lived there had been almost totally assimilated, and had no interest whatsoever in Chinese culture, history and politics. Still, Jews (who arrived out of China) not only took part in the revolution but had also helped igniting it and then stayed on or joined later. While dealing with this puzzle in my paper, I’ll try to offer a typology of Jewish activists and revolutionaries in China, to explain their motives (by choice or not), and to evaluate their contributions in perspective. It appears that their Jewish identity did not play a direct role in their revolutionary activism, but it did play an indirect role. Included in this study are Grigorii Gershuni, Grigorii Voitinski, Boris Shumiatsky, Michail Borodin, Adolf Joffe, Pavel Mif, David Crook, Sidney Rittenberg, Israel Epstein, Sidney Shapiro, Solomon Adler, Sam Ginsbourg, Michael Shapiro, and more. Their main value to the revolution was mainly writing, translation, communication and publication. Although they were all deeply committed to the Chinese Communist revolution, some of them were jailed - for years - and occasionally more than once. Nonetheless, they continued to believe in, and even to justify, the Chinese Communist Party.

[@denizalgazi]

Excellent! 👍

[@enkhsaihanshinegerel1391]

Is there was any jews in Mongolia?

[@omegapc9520]

some russians similar story to the harbin community

[@jamesmcelwain342]

Thank you for living in the nitty-gritty and making content like this

[@believeinpeace]

What an intense, complicate, and educational video. Thank you

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

What do Keifang Jews look like? Asian? Persian? Arab? Levantine (I'd imagine the original Jews looking like the Lebanese Christians who's been around since Jesus converted Phoenicians to Christianity) Or did the Jews of China looked like something else? I'm just curious what they looked like. Or do current Keifang Jews look different to the earlier ancestors? I'm sure this is probably a stupid and irrelevant question. I asked because you mentioned how they look a mix of Asian and Semitic features. Is that common, variable spectrum? Or when? Etc.

[@SamAronow]

In my research they have been described as appearing mostly Han but still distinctly Levantine in certain ways. Quite stupidly, white supremacists in the 1920s and 30s used this to argue that Jewish DNA was "more resistant" than others and thus should be treated as a global pandemic. Secondhand reports of the Kaifengim resulted in a _lot_ of racist and Disputational theories between the 17th and 20th centuries that I left out of this because they weren't worth my time.

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

@@SamAronow that's pretty interesting. Except the racist part that's just stupid. Jewish DNA works like any other DNA. It can be bred out. After all ancestry and genetics isn't the same thing. I have Jewish ancestor 400 years ago who was already mix. But I have no Jewish DNA. How can DNA be resistant? It can be watered down, diluted and eventually bred out like any other DNA after enough generations of intermixing.

[@nyleeu2632]

The Han identity of the main ethnic group in China can be traced back to the same period as that of ancient Rome, which means that the concept of Han is actually very broad. Even in fact, the facial features of many Tocharians and even Iranians are not regarded as alien (because this feature appears frequently) So even if the Kaifeng Jews and Han people marry, it’s actually hard to tell whether the ancestral home of these Han people is China. (Han identity is almost only based on appearance characteristics and culture, and appearance characteristics are not strict)

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

@@nyleeu2632 thanks for info. I take it you are Han?

[@nyleeu2632]

@@noahtylerpritchett2682 Yes, but many physiological characteristics are often mistaken for Koreans, so I have a better understanding of this situation.

[@redsamson0023]

我犹太人 Thank You Sam!

[@Dowlphin]

What is your reasoning for viewing Hong Kong as not part of China? Is that based on some kind of historical-documentative view that sees conquest as valid and conqueror-installed law as superior to international law or human rights or such? (Was there even international law against conquest back then?)

[@baneofbanes]

Because at the time it was the de facto property of the British empire. And yah throughout history might makes right. That’s why Tibet is considered part of China now.

[@gedgar]

YES excited

[@historyswhoyesterdaysnatio5197]

Very interesting!

[@WagesOfDestruction]

another great video

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

Do you have a video about Jews in North Midwestern United States? Like Central United States northern half? Do you even know what part of America I'm describing? If so do you have a video of the local Jews here where I live?

[@SamAronow]

I'm from a Chicago family, buddy. But not yet.

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

@@SamAronow I have friends from Chicago (mostly Lebanese and Syrian Christians who identify as Phoenician or Aramaeans) cool that your from Chicago. I live in Indiana a state next over. There's around 50 Jews (my estimates) here in Southern Indiana with a Synagogue. Always curious about the local Jewish history ✡❤✡

[@SamAronow]

@@noahtylerpritchett2682 I’m not from Chicago myself, but it is the traditional American home of the Aronovim. My grandfather was from there.

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

@@SamAronow oh I read Chicago family. Thought you were included as in living in Chicago. My bad.

[@Jackissoocool]

I'm surprised they never recovered some of their scripture from their Muslim neighbors. Were they somehow not aware of their relationship?

[@hackman669]

Wouldn't the Muslims in China help the Jews get some recognition? These groups seem to get along in Europe and else where.

[@void.defender]

"Hong Kong is not a part of China", well everyone has his own perspective on certain matters. Great video anyways, it's always a delight to learn about the more obscure parts of Jewish history.

[@redsamson0023]

Hong Kong is China

[@yohaneschristianp]

It is funny statement as I may as well saying "Jerusalem is not a part of Israel", also Golan Height

[@lrt_unimog8316]

If we define China to be the communist blob which sits on the land and will not let go until it is a monoculture--we cannot, indeed, have anything to do with China. But is that entity all there is to the concept?

[@jmhsieh7103]

HK is indeed geographically part of mainland China along with its culture and politics is Chinese if HK isn’t Chinese what would it be? British? There aren’t too many British compared to Cantonese.

[@omegapc9520]

@@jmhsieh7103 it is cantonese and china is han

[@PearlmanYeC]

nice work, shared.

[@jeffreyschweitzer8289]

You are so careful about pronunciation in other languages…it’s “TAHNG” dynasty, not like the orange drink, and “SOONG” after ….the Muslims are “HWAY” etc

[@noamisaac]

Where does the story about the Rabbi and Shunroku Hata's conversation comes from? Do you happen to remember your source?

[@SamAronow]

www.kosherdelight.com/Japan_Japanese_Occupied_Shanghai_Ghetto.shtml The wording as reported here is under a lot of contention for being anachronistic, so I used the alternate quotation.

[@markrossow6303]

Awesome maps.

[@zoeythefatgirl4258]

I'm learning Yiddish right now and I found it's very similar to German.

[@oriurian]

bautiful! i didn't know half of it!

[@reuvencohen6911]

So interesting. As usual

[@MoonThuli]

I wish I would be alive to see the inevitable video on the Jewish community on Mars lol

[@safuwanfauzi5014]

Hi Sam Aronow, can you made video about Jews architecture true Israelite no Chinese, Arab and Europe style architecture.

[@nehcooahnait7827]

Well that sounds like a totally not problematic suggestion. “True Israelite”

[@safuwanfauzi5014]

@@nehcooahnait7827 I like to see Israelites Hews architecture, heritage, monuments like European, Arabs, Persian, Indian and Turks in medieval to early modern Era around 0AD to 1800AD

[@heard3879]

Fascinating!!

[@ellgndd5343]

9:42 -100000 social credit score

[@Dikur-Sini]

one more community you forget to mention was the Tianjin jewish community

[@trevor1667]

He’s done it again!

[@jstantongood5474]

" Zh " sounds like English "J" as in Joe. So, Zhou dynasty pronounced Joe dynasty. "Zhao" rhymes with English Jowls.

[@danieltsiprun8080]

I know you made a video abkut central asian jews and bucharim but have you saw more information about jews in kazahstan and also what about jews in the Caucasus?

[@anxiousfoodperson8116]

Hong Kong has been a part of China for two thousand years and it only "stopped" being part of China when the British stole it. You can support Hong Kong's protest movement but to say it is not part of China - especially when talking about the era of British rule - is a tacit endorsement of anti Chinese imperialism. (but apart from that, great video as always)

[@k.umquat8604]

Not necessarily,here it is a support of Hong Kong independence

[@lifeuncovered6188]

Ngl ur channel is pretty interesting

[@argonwheatbelly637]

Whence comes your accent? You have this open 'a' sound for words like "after", which you pronounce as "ahfter"; yet, you mangle almost all the Chinese names and locations. I'm not sure it's an affectation, but it is...interesting.