JWST CO2 Discovery on Europa // Fullmetal Exoplanet // Lunar Starship Engine Test

[@lostinfrance9830]

Europa just keeps on giving. very exiting stuff

[@edwardleonard7829]

I love when things leave

[@JenniferA886]

Good point

[@jeremygalloway1348]

Very exciting and very exiting of this world!

[@isaacplaysbass8568]

You're not wrong; curiosity & creativity are how we experience the world, and the cosmos around us. Thank you Fraser & people.

[@frasercain]

Exactly, let's just be creative. It's fine. Don't be scared

[@intothevoid2046]

Some of us. Not the majority. Otherwise we had a different society.

[@JenniferA886]

👍👍👍

[@thedevereauxbunch]

Every week Im blown away with how clear your videos are to watch. I mean the information and how you share it is why I’m here but it’s great to have such a quality vid to follow along with

[@JenniferA886]

👍👍👍

[@franktothemax]

Love your channel Fraser. Always pumped for your uploads when I see em! Keep up the good work my man.

[@EnigmaDave]

I'm struck by how similar your first story echo's one theory for the formation of our own moon. If it had happened at a slightly different angle, perhaps more material than the moon would have been stripped away, leaving only our core. This might be a common event for planets in this zone.

[@Leafbinder]

Fun question Dave.

[@PetraKann]

The Universe is a huge place with many stars, planets, moons and other objects including gas, dust, black holes etc. The permutations and different combinations possible is a very big number. Nothing really surprises me anymore

[@ikkezelf599]

That would reveal the hollow core of our moon so nothing.

[@kypickle8252]

gliese 367 b is also named Tahay as part of the IAU-hosted name exo worlds 2022 event You were talking in your livestream about how exoplanets should get actual names (and I completely agree) and many people aren’t aware that many of them do

[@yoredeerleader]

Looking for techno signatures only seems a bad idea for many reasons. Searching for signatures of all types of electronic dance music seems the smart way.

[@frasercain]

Dubstep signatures?

[@67comet]

Whoop! Another great Episode Fraser, thank you.

[@mayanktripathi8726]

Just found this channel..With Anton Petrov, Astrum, Veritasium and Sabine Hossenfelder ..has become one of my favourites

[@frasercain]

Have you tried Dr. Becky yet? She be right in that group for you. Oh and Cool Worlds

[@James_Ford4815]

pretty crazy to hear about the hottest summer ever because here in southern california it wasn't hot at all , i think we had one 1.5 week span where it was high 90's but that was it ... i can remember few years ago it seemed it was over 100 for a month straight but this summer it wasn't bad at all

[@SoulDelSol]

Same, in Massachusetts this was one of least hot summers I can remember. It wasn't cold but it wasn't too hot. The earth always changes. We've had whole "ages" of ice and it warmed back up again. I've heard temp changes (I think it was half degree higher on average or something) are related to still coming out of last ice age

[@coulie27]

the secret is they adjust the baseline every year and also use bad methodology -- a few hundred readings in spotty conditions using tech and (lack of) precision that has changed quite a bit over 150 years -- for an entire global surface with millions of pockets of temperature variation during a year. to say it's bogus science, or to be generous only a very rough fraction of a percent of a percent of a percent if the picture, is an understatement. no statistician in any field would feel confident in a conclusion based on such a dubious method. a more comprehensive alternative like satellite readings is only good for at best 30 years or so, and that's not what they're claiming when they claim "hottest ever", and those readings don't show such a rise.

[@coulie27]

@@justlooking777 yes they adjust the baseline (they say it themselves, and think about it, they are measuring a temperature "anomaly" ... anomaly from what average? the one gathered from 12 stations in US and europe in 1863? from an arbitrary range like 1850-1880? there is no standard and is actually impossible to set, so they simply adjust it at whim. you can look it up yourself.) read again and think about it. there were no satellite measurements until the last 20% of data. and the standard model doesn't use it in their 150-year "hottest ever" model to claim. you're asking and i'm telling you, i've looked at their data and method directly, and modelled it myself, as a stats person it is essentially impossible to conclude much from a few hundred stations in random places concentrated in the developed world. take your examples of 95, 93, 94 degrees etc. that temperature lasted how long? a few hours? what was the evening temperature? how do you take the average of a day? hr by hr or minute by minute, and is the average actually the right representation? do you think there was any solid daily "averaging" done prior to say 1950? then are you plugging daily, weekly, or monthly averages into your model? do you think one makes the most sense or is the most practical? none of this measuring was done regularly for the majority of the survey space -- until the 70s no one had any agenda and the notion of "global temperature was hardly the goal.. it would have been laughable. the data isn't measuring 1% of the "surface" even generously granting a good 10-mile radius for each station. remember too that temperature varies even more greatly where elevations vary a lot. this also ignores the well documented fact of urbanization affecting more accutely the station areas than the average surface space, skewing results. doesn't sound very scientific, because it isn't. i can't help that, no one can, and just going with it for the sake of having something rather than nothing is still riddled with every issue above. is there a decent way to estimate global temps? maybe via satellites, but again the methodology matters a lot, and would be a pretty small window. maybe YOU can cite an interesting source for that.

[@manoo422]

Good that people are actually looking out of the window and thinking "really?" rather than believing govt propaganda and MSM headlines. Most of Europe has had a poor summer, only the central Mediterranean areas did well this year. The UK has had no summer at all!

[@joemcgilton2091]

Rate of change is the problem, not sure what everyone is on about. Things have always changed and always will change. They just haven't ever changed this fast.

[@douglaswilkinson5700]

Watching Osiris-Rex land reminded me of the movie "The Andromeda Strain."

[@theironblitz]

Fraser, your work is awesome. Thank you!

[@mikemann2053]

Fascinating ep Fraser. Love your work. Great positive response to the naysayers.

[@frasercain]

Hi, it's only like a mild rant. I'm not actually that concerned

[@treefarm3288]

I record temperatures on my farm in the southern hemisphere. Our tropical winter was several degrees above average for june, july and August, especially July. Finally the bureau of meteorology announced the mean temperature for the whole continent of Australia for july was the highest ever. So, both hemispheres.

[@Danboi.]

Where are you? Up on the east coast? Over th last year here in Perth, I haven't seen so much rain since I was a child. China. CCP has been buying tons of silver iodide from us for cloud seeding, I wouldn't be surprised if they're deliberately trying to create floods and fires to weaken western economies.. amongst other tactics, well, they admitted it.

[@JenniferA886]

Similar situation in NZ… along with some record rain falls of biblical quantities

[@manoo422]

@@JenniferA886 So it was the hottest AND the wettest...yeh that make sense...

[@JenniferA886]

@@manoo422 not the hottest in my area, just one years rainfall in a week in some areas near where I live

[@manoo422]

@@JenniferA886 These things happen, it always has, it 'means' nothing.

[@uff-duh]

So you are telling me that Europa has an ocean of San Pellegrino cool! I kid, great video!

[@rogermiller2159]

Was jwst built to look at our solar system. I wasn’t expecting our longest reaching telescope to also be useful in our own solar system. Pretty cool

[@frasercain]

Astronomers weren't sure they could make James Webb target objects in the solar system and that's why the first image of Mars, just a little after they went live was so exciting. They actually could track objects in the solar system and be able to gather data.

[@karrde593]

Observing supermassive black holes is like watching the gods at work isn't it? Fascinating stuff.

[@BikeHelmetMk2]

20:15 That's a great representation of rising temperatures!

[@Mkill3rYT]

Hi! Loved your video as always. Can you give the paper where they list the ~70 ideas for technosignatures? that sounds interesting to look through

[@frasercain]

I'm trying to organize an interview with the author, stay tuned.

[@jssomewhere6740]

Isn't something similar supposed to have happened to Mercury? Not as severe but hit hard enough to have lost a significant amount of the crust.

[@Mr_Venison]

I was thinking about this same thing.

[@lostinfrance9830]

what if there were multiple big bangs and we are already seeing past the edge of ours and looking into another big bangs universe

[@JarlOfSwot]

Can you imagine a year that takes only 7 hours? You wouldn't have even sobered up from last year's New Year's Eve party before you'd have to start drinking all over again. 🍻🍺 😜

[@PSwayBeats]

You know didn't think KZbin premium was worth it but not dealing with commercials is just so great

[@frasercain]

I think KZbin premium is the last service that I would give up. I hate ads and I watch a lot of KZbin

[@davidgilbert8614]

I was recently thinking about Dyson spheres, and although it seems like an elegant concept, I have some issues that must first be addressed. First, in order to construct a fully enclosed Dyson sphere, the builders would need an extraordinary amount solid material. Consider that if we were to attempt to build a Dyson sphere around our own star, Sol, there is not enough solid matter surrounding our own star within the solar system. This is true of virtually every star system that exists. The sun alone has more mass than all the planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and Kuiper belt material combined. Most of the solid material is at a massive distance from the sun. But to build an enclosing sphere, it would have to be at least as wide (on the interior) as 1 AU in all directions. We would somehow have to locate many, many other star systems from which we could take all of the matter available. Then transport all of that mass here. Any local civilizations probably are not going to like that very much. And remember you will need atmosphere, gases, water, soil, etc., etc. That aside, if those systems have rocky planets that can be reached; would it not be more efficient, quicker, and a better idea to terraform/colonize as many systems as possible rather than to transport it all back to your home star system? Also bear in mind, you would have to construct a massive number of ships or gigantic transport systems that can accommodate planetary sized objects to relocate it all. It would be a better insurance policy of protecting the longevity of your civilization. The second problem that I have with Dyson spheres is this: the goal would be to fully enclose your host star. Assuming that you use all of the planetary material available to you, and somehow make a massive object that fully encloses the star, (with the goal of capturing all of the sun's energy); how do you use up every joule of energy. Most of the sun's energy is lost to space; were it not all of the planets would be very hot indeed. But if the star is surrounded, all of that heat is eventually trapped inside a ball. Take for example, if you know anything about a programmable centrifuge that can be heated or cooled, you know that when you first add the heat, the warmest spot is at the axis. I use this example, because like a star system it spins at a known rotation (always in the same direction). Objects within it circle around it, and the entire chamber can be heat controlled. And if you want to know when the walls of the centrifuge are at your set temperature you need to construct a temperature profile to map the interior. Most centrifuges will attain their set temperature within less than 20 or 30 minutes. At which point the software controls the heating element at the axis to maintain that temperature. Get too hot, turn the peltier unit off until the centrifuge cools down some. Get too cold, turn it back on. Thing is, the sun doesn't have a switch. It keeps heating at the same 5600°C at the surface for millions of years at a time. And that heat has to go somewhere. Since it can no longer escape out into space, it will eventually heat the entire "air space" available to it within the sphere. That is one hell of a green house. Short of being able to consume (or vent away) all of that excess heat; eventually the interior surface of the Dyson sphere will mirror the surface of the sun. Yet if you vent, does that not defeat the whole purpose in the first place? Solve these problems, and maybe a Dyson sphere is doable.

[@l.johnkellerii1597]

I wonder if there is a “sweet spot” around some stars where the 300 degree kelvin distance would coincide with a radial distance from the center of mass that would result in a 1g surface gravity being experienced on the outer surface of the sphere? That would create a most interesting situation. Of course you would still have to deal with the instability of the sphere around the star, but you would have plenty of energy available to deal with that.

[@carlamerritt490]

Love your content, great team. Thank you! ❤

[@MrGaborseres]

Awesome information again 👍👌 Thanks!!!!

[@MelliaBoomBot]

i love music, Id love to know if music can be detected across space from other worlds. great vid. thanks very much.

[@AbAb-th5qe]

Space red hot nickel ball lol. Thanks again Fraser :)

[@ikkezelf599]

I still am amazed how exact they predict tha place a returning probe will land, Osiris Rex welcome back.

[@a.forbes133]

I really want Europa to be inhabited with a sturdy biosphere instead of just being habitable but either way even if it's just habitable we'll eventually seed it with earth life whether intentionally via human-guided panspermia or unintentionally due to microbial stow-aways on our probes. While I'd love for Europa to have it's own extant biosphere humanity deciding to become space gardeners that spread the spark of life beyond earth and observing how it evolves is pretty cool too.

[@jeffjames3111]

it has to be entirely possible. I wonder why we haven't been there very much given the possibilities...

[@a.forbes133]

@@jeffjames3111 Lack of funding and caution, sending a probe directly to Europa's surface is expensive, difficult and risky. For one we still don't have high enough resolution images of the surface to know where is even safe to land. Imagine accidentally landing in an active cryovolcano or field of sharp ice spikes. Europas surface is extremely diverse, geologically active and radioactive so there is quite bit of inherent risk to any probe that tries to land. However the reward would be huge, for one I'm still holding out hope that some of the discoloration we see on the surface in the cracks of the ice shell is related to life in the subsurface also seismic data would tell us so many new things about Europa's interior and even things about Jupiter.

[@a.forbes133]

@@jeffjames3111 if it were up to me I would send two spacecrafts an orbiter and probe similar to the dart mission that could release a seismometer package that lands safely on the surface before the dart-like probe crashes into the surface to blast off a bit of debris into space for the spacecraft in orbit to collect then analyze and maybe even return samples to earth.

[@jeffjames3111]

@@a.forbes133 You make some really great points - thank you. The discolouration is extremely suspect, I agree - or at least I want it to be - haha! There is real risk here though around contamination.I can sort of live with that on Mars, we should be far more cautious with Europa - who knows what's down there... My main hope right now is that Starship / SpaceX make access to space so cheap we see an unleashing of solar system exploration - instead of sending one decadal mission for a billion dollars, we send fifty. Anything could happen in the next few years. Fingers crossed.

[@a.forbes133]

@@jeffjames3111 Agreed.

[@bobbyshaftoe45]

SUGGESTION: Do a followup on the question of the week... E.g.: you do an update, follow up or deeper dive on the winner from the prior week.

[@frasercain]

Hmm, or an interview with a scientist working on that field.

[@NewsandScience]

I Agree with Fraser that we should be looking for radio signals from distant planetary systems as well as signs of nuclear detonations not made by stars as well as CO2 buildup that could be signs of fossil fuel burning. As he said, what else have we got?? With JWST and future even better and more diverse instruments of observation, we will be able to detect and verify such clues and many others.

[@frasercain]

You should always use the best idea that we have so far and right now these are the best ideas that we have so far

[@kevinsayes]

Volcanoes of metal are, ironically, very metal

[@madderhat5852]

😣

[@jssomewhere6740]

The more time they spend looking the better the chance will be that the obscure odd thing will be seen or thought of stumbled upon. The important thing is to never stop looking. Not as if it is a chore, instead like a daily adventure. There are so many things we do now that were not done when i was young. Many of them have become a thing due to persistent actions. Gravitational lensing. It may have been an idea long ago yet did not become a regular thing until recently. When you do something all the time, you naturally refine it, at least I do. Constantly trying to improve it. I now have 3 telescopes. Two of them are totally computerized with GPS and big data base of things to look at. That is great, but my old smaller scope is often more fun cuz it's all me. Align it and search by hand. Over the years I've discovered many things that i have improved to make me work better with it. Kinda similar I am not looking for tech signatures but ive found ways to look for other things.

[@BriarLeaf00]

I've always assumed these early giant black holes were a product of the density of the early universe. Simply a greater concentration of mass in a smaller space.

[@frasercain]

That's the idea of primordial black holes. It would explain both large galaxies and dark matter. There just isn't any evidence.

[@abrahamroloff8671]

​@@frasercainWouldn't the existence of black holes larger than we expect or can explain be evidence in and of itself? If our models and theories can't explain their abundance/size, that's a pretty good indicator that something we don't understand is happening in the early universe. Not enough to assume a mechanism, but it's a point to start exploring from.😊

[@ramastarchild6804]

Wouldn't the "evidence" you're looking for be sucked in the singularity?@@frasercain

[@gavinator70]

@@ramastarchild6804 No because the evidence would be the affects the black hole has on its surroundings, not just the black hole itself. A blackhole does way more than just sucks things in

[@frederikvolkers8319]

Well done vid!!!

[@ApteraEV2024]

Very Informative Mr.Fraiser Cain,❤ i ❤how much you're (learning)/Sharing❤🎉Blackholes(Dark-holes) , ❤ All Lives Matter!❤

[@josdelijster4505]

thank you, liked and shared

[@Threedog1963]

You going to do anymore Q&A's? I enjoy them most. When watching them, you give answers, and rephrase questions in layman's terms. You interviews are more geared to serious hobbyists, and professionals. I usually cut them off about 4 minutes in. I thought you usually took summers off for the Q&A, but here we are in late September and I don't see anything new. Thanks

[@frasercain]

Tuesday. We already recorded it last Monday

[@benjaminbeard3736]

Volcanoes of metal would be an outstanding band name.

[@abstractedaway]

Do Dyson Spheres and Swarms become more plausible if built around red and brown dwarfs? What about gas giants? Could we build a swarm around Jupiter, and harvest energy from its magnetic field or other features?

[@AshtonCoolman]

That metal planet could be a battle station. You never know 🤷

[@frasercain]

That's no Moon...

[@Obsidian762]

A fully armed and operational battle station!

[@michaellee6489]

[@Raz.C]

re - metal planet Alternatively it's entirely possible that the rocky elements were vaporised and ionised and then radiated away as wisps of plasma, carried aloft by solar winds. Depending of the energy of ionisation for the various elements that made up the planet's crust vs core, it could be that the entire face of the planet was eaten away in this gradual manner, until only the core was left, whose ionisation energy was greater than the amount of solar energy the planet received.

[@theOrionsarms]

You mean in the T-tauri phase? Each star after the ignition(including our sun) experience a higher level of energy emissions like 100 000 more than after that period, when stabilization of fusion process in the star core occur, of course is only a only transient phenomenon, I mean usually is shorter than a million years, I don't know if that would be enough to evaporate a terrestrial planet mantles if is close enough , but was enough for stripping the primordial atmosphere(made from hydrogen and helium) of the Earth Venus and Mars.

[@bobbyshaftoe45]

Super Massive Blackholes: Are the gamma bursts+accretion disk combinations creating ~heavier-than-iron atoms?

[@JamesCairney]

22:08 I'd imagine that searching for a techno signature that we can't recognise would be quite difficult. "We think aliens would use neutrinos as a form of communication, so we are staring at ice to see if the blue flashes look like an alien news report, so far all we can see is the odd blue flash, but these are breakthrough moments!" Edit to add 17:04 how do we find the link? I'd quite like to watch them (UK punter, not around when they're live)

[@NewsandScience]

Glieza, the all metal planet said by Fraser to be 70% size of Earth. He means the diameter is 0.7 of Earth's. This means volume is 0.7 cubed=0.343 volume of Earth. With mass 0.63, divide by 0.343, you get density=1.837 of Earth's.

[@irontusk341]

So, Fall is here and I'm Curious, if plant life existed on habitable planets orbiting K type stars, what color would their leaves be?

[@ReggieArford]

I've always thought Dyson spheres were impractical. How would you support the poles against the star's gravity? The equator can be in "orbit", but not the poles. Perhaps a Ringworld would be more practical?

[@galaxia4709]

how can you get the link for the video? I will always have to miss the live videos now because of the time zone. Are you sure you want to pay attention to yt logarithms this way? what's wrong with how it was before?

[@frasercain]

It's always been this way. We've always made the livestream private and then publish the edited QA.

[@galaxia4709]

@@frasercain Oh, I'm glad we can still watch it after the fact!

[@konradcomrade4845]

Our oceans absorb lots of CO2. Somewhere it was stated, that CO2 in the water is 50*times as much as in the atmosphere, present. Quite a big buffer! Also the cold 4°C ocean bottom water increased over the last 30 million years period ( ice ages effect on the lower half of the ocean)! What will happen in 11000 years, when the next Milankovich ice peak is expected? Without sufficient CO2 in the atmosphere, could it freeze to a complete Iceball Earth? The heat content to warm up that 4°C_OceanBottomWater to 8°C (or to cool it down to 0°C) is enormous: 11E24_Joule, as much heat as could melt all ice on Antarctica (my "back of the envelope calculation)!

[@KA4UPW]

What are you using for a camera and lighting. Your cinematography is head and sholders above the rest

[@Leafbinder]

Hey Fraser love your videos. Really like the part at 12:20, Hey im pretty baked right now but was wondering if AI becomes self aware do you think we could hypnotize them? and if so use that as a test as to they are or they are not? also what do you think about verbal killswitches? Inhumane or just legal if not self aware 🙂

[@billyglimstead5204]

Imagine the AI pretends to be hypnotized 👀

[@incognitotorpedo42]

I suspect that hypnotism relies on specific aspects of human neural anatomy, and just would not work with our current AI.

[@arcadiaberger9204]

Every new discovery that JWST produces persuades me all the more that JWST should be pronounced *_"Juiced!"_* [exclamation point mandatory]

[@boardinwithbooly253]

Full Metal Exoplanet….. Full Metal Exoplanet!

[@theamericanjoeshow]

Question: How tall would a space elevator have to be if it were built on the moon? Thank you 😊

[@doncarlodivargas5497]

13:03 "black holes consuming matters" have you heard about black holes "eating" stars and spitting them out again? Even years later?

[@davidgifford8112]

I’m a little surprised that temperature records only go back to 1951. But thanks for information.

[@frasercain]

1880

[@michaellee6489]

🤣@@frasercain

[@loliko23]

JWST just keeps finding CO2 everywhere, exciting

[@doncarlodivargas5497]

Scary stuff, it means teenagers gluing themselves to paintings

[@nickmudd]

I used to run my computer on SETI@home and dreamed of my PC being the one that found a signal lol. But they shut the community thing down 😭

[@goyya888]

Thanks!

[@frasercain]

Thanks for the donation. I really appreciate it

[@hoplitnet]

***QUESTION***: is the existence of the black hole accretion disk the same physics that creates saturn's rings into a stable pattern?

[@ApteraEV2024]

24:00😅❤TRUTH❤

[@unvergebeneid]

How is the mantle opposite the side of the impact stripped from the core? Is the cohesion of the material that big that it keeps together at these forces? I would expect everything to liquefy, so how does the physics work there?

[@tondekoddar7837]

Glancing blow's been suggested, so a supersized planets larger than Jupiter, core (or some cores) come together after other stuff has evaporated or gotten to other stable orbits, blown away or fallen to that star. Given that 0.02% of our solar system's mass is not in star, I wouldn't hold my breath on checking on mentioned stars composition and getting any answers. Guesswork: though how supposed metallic hydrogen would "explode" (among other stuff that's supposedly in even as small planet as Jupiter) I have no idea. Rogue black hole could do fast pass or glancing blow/flythrough too - our solar system is supposed to have had lots of planetesimals early on.

[@ikkezelf599]

For a moment I thought you were saying 'we found carbon dioxide in Europe' 😂

[@Raz.C]

The presence of CO2 is VERY promising. Even though CO2 is a VERY stable molecule and rarely reacts with anything, if you provide enough energy, it will dissociate into carbon (gas) and oxygen (gas). That leaves the door open for the possibility of organic chemistry (I really should have said 'carbon chemistry' so that people don't get the wrong idea at the mention of the word _Organic,_ thinking that it means that life forms should be there).

[@ZeFroz3n0ne907]

Full metal Alchemist meets Full metal planet? I'd feel bad for Ed and Al's enemies.

[@AnakinSkywalker-mm3gi]

Oh, I was hoping for Europan space whales.

[@newatlantisrepublic6844]

Well we all know how the movie ended We do t want to send people there

[@robotaholic]

That metallic planet should be called cybertron ⚡️☢️🤘🤩

[@jonfr]

That's what happened to Mercury, based on research (I have forgotten their titles) on Mercury evolution.

[@frasercain]

I'm not familiar with this. Is it like books or Mercury the element?

[@evermoon3949]

​@@frasercainI think they refers to the planet Mercury being struck by a planetesimal and lost its mantle in its early days, similar to the metal planet in the vid

[@davidmcsween]

Keep an eye out for room temperature Kardashev type 2 civilisations 😅

[@tristan7216]

We should sift the data for techno signatures, but realize it's much more improbable than bio signatures, since you're now requiring not just life but an intelligent technological species. But yeah, that's all we've got, so look for it all. The cool thing is we find a lot of good astronomy from looking for these things, so we win no matter what.

[@frasercain]

What makes technical signatures so useful is that it's unambiguous and so with regular biosignatures. We don't know if it's life or if it's non-life but with a techno signature, it has to be intelligent life

[@peterdollins3610]

A lot of people are saying the universe is older than we thought from such black holes early stars et al.

[@frasercain]

Not a lot of people. A couple of people who have been proposing an alternative theory for decades. There just isn't enough evidence to say anything conclusive yet.

[@tondekoddar7837]

There seems to be relatively little or not easily found amounts of P in stars, specipic interest of course being in those exoplanets that may have our kind of life making some molecules. It's hard to see ik, but still, shouldn't it be kind of priority to seek in those stars/planets since we seem to have lots of it (well maybe 0.01% or so of atoms locally) ?

[@Vedurin]

What i always wonder about when i hear about a Dyson Sphere is: how would a thing like that stay in place ? The sun itself is massively massive, so gravity probably is like crazy. Plus there is nothing that makes sure that sun can't pull in one side more than all others and make the thing crash. Is it theoretically possible to place a structure around a star which is held in place by gravity alone ?

[@frasercain]

Think of a swarm of satellites on separate orbits that collect all the sunlight, not a single rigid sphere.

[@ronbolak]

To build a structure around the sun is nuts. It would take the entire economic output of an entire planet to even begin such a hopeless enterprise. Not to mention, the structure would constantly be pulverized by comets and other junk slamming into it at 40km/sec or greater. It is entirely a waste of time looking for one because no civilization anywhere would conclude such a structure is even possible.

[@BobbbyJoeKlop]

If we are going to be looking for Dyson Spheres, we should be looking for construction failures and their ruins. As they are likely more numerous than those in operation. If they actually are out there. The focus should be on finding their collapsed remnants; as these would likely persist for a much greater amount of time in the Universe.

[@frasercain]

That would be funny. Looking for abandoned Dyson spheres

[@doncarlodivargas5497]

How are the techniques for finding Dyson ruins different than active spheres?

[@BobbbyJoeKlop]

@@doncarlodivargas5497 The orbital dynamics would be different. You would have a mature star with a distribution of anonymously sized objects in orbit that aren't planet sized, nor moon sized. But somewhere in between. Akin to a protoplanetary disk, but around a mature star. And, for some period, they would be in highly eccentric orbits. In addition, as the material would orbit into the star, you would get erratic periods of brightening that may emit spectra signatures of the material concentrations used to construct the structure. It just stands to reason, much like fossil remains or civilizational ruins; evidence of collapse persists longer throughout time. So if these exist, the fossil evidence of their remains would likely be in greater abundance than those under construction or operation.

[@Raz.C]

Does anyone know if the Hubble Space Telescope can be used to snap a pic of the JWST? I think that would be an AWESOME picture!!

[@MrEricChima]

Answered in a previous video. Long story short, it would only be about a pixel in size.

[@mknochel]

Is it true that the drogue chute failed to deploy on Osiris-Rex Sample Return? On the livestream it looked like it kept its blazing fast speed after drogue was supposed to deploy, no applause from control room like on the other milestones, and then the main chute opened higher altitude than anticipated, which apparently was the fault mode. All was well end the end, and thank goodness for redundancy. 😅

[@frasercain]

We'll have to wait for the final analysis from NASA but they got the samples so that's all good

[@Nolan1410]

I wonder what other things we can detect with the method used in the gamma ray burst detection in the solar system

[@frasercain]

I guess if you could watch a gamma-ray burst happen passing through a gravitational lens, then you would have a really powerful light source and you could observe the stuff that's in the way as well as maybe the galaxy cluster that's providing the lensing or maybe you could see it go off multiple times in multiple images around a gravitational lens. It's an interesting idea

[@golfaddict75]

The fact that we have looked for a long time and haven’t found anything yet means intelligent life must be rare otherwise it would be everywhere like Fermi said. I argue 13 billion years is short compared to the trillions of years left that we are the first in this galaxy. Sure keep looking and maybe get lucky and find one. And nothing wrong with being first to the party if we last long enough to see more pop up

[@stuarttomlinson487]

Hi Fraser, I'm a patron to Universe Today and get emails about patron only videos but when I try to watch them on Patreon I just get messages saying I need to become a patron. Can you help please? Thanks

[@frasercain]

It sounds like you need to log into the Patreon website. www.patreon.com/login

[@equinsuocha8905]

What happened to the question show?!?

[@frasercain]

Tuesday

[@lostinfrance9830]

Trying to find and even eventually contact anything Techno signature gives me the heebie jeebies lol..... Danger, Will Robinson.... A I Robotic race detected

[@corneliuscorcoran9900]

WHY would aliens still be watching '90s sitcoms?

[@frasercain]

I honestly have no idea. I lived through the '90s. I wouldn't want to watch any of those sitcoms again

[@Poe9320]

We need to send hundreds of probes to Europa even if it doesn't have life it's such an interesting little moon

[@robertmiller9735]

It's odd that people thing aliens wouldn't go through life making mistakes like we do.

[@vegassims7]

Who told you it was the hottest summer on record, ever? Greta Thunberg? ROFL 🤣🤣🤣

[@frasercain]

NASA

[@urphakeandgey6308]

Have astronomers considered primordial black holes for how supermassive black holes formed so quick? If there were a bunch of primordial black holes early in the universe and a bunch fused together, couldn't that maybe explain the rapid mass accumulation?

[@frasercain]

Yes, absolutely.

[@melantorja]

i was wondering why there was no question show anymore

[@frasercain]

We just posted the first episode of the new season.

[@andyoates8392]

“Grabby” Aliens. The worst kind 😳🤓💚♾️

[@Dqualls187]

I dated a Europan space whale once. Was outta this world!

[@oregonsbragia]

I don’t understand how every planet that we see has a vastly different composition. If all of the bodies were created from rings of dust that were created by exploding supernovas, how is it that they don’t all have the same or at least very similar compositions? Like take Jupiter and its dozens of moons. They all formed from the same area in the dust cloud, but there are vast differences in the make up. What are all of the possible forces that can separate the elements into different groups?

[@thomasdillon7761]

When you take into account events like coronal mass ejection and . High-energy stellar flares o Dyson sphere appears to be exactly what it is a ridiculous concept..

[@mattkrysto4682]

We saw something like this. Mercury

[@CharIie83]

do we understand the sun reaction well enough to talk about dyson spheres

[@frasercain]

When you think about all the satellites already in space, harvesting power from the Sun, we've already begun building our dyson sphere. So, just more spacecraft. :-)

[@00asaenz]

I knew it!!!! 😊

[@duncanbeggs4088]

We need to bring back the sulfur-rich fuels in ships to cool down the ocean. Since they've stopped doing that the ocean has heated up incredibly rapidly.

[@frasercain]

There's plenty of sulfur on earth

[@sparkee666]

I hope we find space whales on Europa the scrimshaw will be amazing.