JWST Reveals Trappist-1 Data // Earth-Sized Rogue Planet // Vulcan Delay

[@realzachfluke1]

Thanks a lot, Fraser and team. I loved every story this week, but the _MOON BATTERIES,_ man, *that took the cake for me.* Props to the scientists who figured out that we could ACTUALLY do this with in-situ 3D printing. Beautiful work 🔥🔥🔥

[@robertmiller9735]

Looks like a technology that could be used back on Earth, too. Which is one of the main purposes of space programs (impossible as that is to explain to certain people...).

[@TheNoiseySpectator]

I would like to once again plug my idea for obtaining rare metals through asteroid mining. We would not have to expend the fuel and money to get lithium up and off the Earth if we use the elements already in space. We could direct them to a specific crash zone on the moon, send out vehicles to retrieve them, melt them down in smelting facilities on the moon, and they would be there for us to use.

[@MCsCreations]

Thanks for all the news, Fraser! 😊 Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊

[@Feefa99]

I think scientists want to be sure about Trappist 1 atmospheric data so they have to check and release it slowly

[@user-pf5xq3lq8i]

They know it's what we've all been waiting for! It's the best real estate in the Galaxy!

[@nicholashylton6857]

They don't want to get egg on their face, so I'm sure they're being extremely careful with what they release.

[@nicosmind3]

I think the results say those planets are filled with Belgium beer

[@mightyoaks77]

Does anybody know if all the habitable planets in the trapist system are tidally locked?

[@phoule76]

their careers depend on publishing their findings, so they usually write papers while studying the data, then release it to the public once they publish

[@shravanrao3838]

Hi Fraser, ESA is in the planning/proposal stages of a Gaia mission successor in the 2040s, called GaiaNIR (Near-Infrared), planned to be situated at the Sun-Earth L2 Point, just like all the other incredible space missions. However, would it be better if GaiaNIR was situated at (or beyond) Saturn’s Orbit or Lagrange Points? Two cases for this reasoning; 1. As with your interview with Prof. Michael Zemcov, going away from the dust, light & heat of the inner solar system would greatly benefit even the smallest visible telescope. This should also translate for telescopes in the infrared, which could help look though colder cosmic dust and do a better survey/census of even more dimmer objects like Red Dwarfs, Brown Dwarfs, Exoplanets, Rogue Planets, Centaurs, Planets beyond the Kuiper belt or maybe even Oort Cloud objects. 2. Gaia and its planned successor use parallax/parsec as their core method of measurement. Saturn’s orbit is on average ~10AU from the Sun, compared to Earth’s orbit of 1AU. This may not necessarily scale by a magnitude, but there should be a definite increase in extending the distance ladder to measure even farther objects by using Saturnal Parsecs (maybe translates down to nano or femto Earth arcseconds?), whilst also getting significantly better positions & proper motions of stellar objects in the near to mid-range. Some Notes on Feasibility; * 1 Saturnal year is ~30 Earth Years. As such it would take GaiaNIR at Saturn, atleast ~12 to 15 Years before it could release its first major data release (not accounting for the time taken to process the data & time taken to travel to the Saturn system to begin with). However, a constellation of 2, 3 or more identical satellites (similar to the LISA Gravitational Observatory), could increase the cadence of useful Data Releases. ** Highly Theoretical - Keeping one spacecraft at Earth L2 and sending another identical spacecraft outside the solar system could give an extended parallax of more than 50AU in about 15 Years. Better than even Saturn’s Orbit. * The data rate from ~10AU distance can also be increased and made more efficient with the use of Laser Communications Relay or Deep Space Optical Communication (Like on Psyche Mission), to send Mega or Giga bits of data streams back to Earth. This technology should have easily matured by the mid to late 2030s, when the construction of GaiaNIR should begin for a launch in the mid-2040s. * The power/battery required to keep the mission running for such long periods already exist. And the onboard data processeing can be improved and made more effcient over time to use less energy. * Finally, the Cost-Benefit Analysis of a mission like this should be easily justifiable for a Budget in Billions, and the time or multi-decade resources required for it. I may be completely wrong about this point, but wanted to wish & hope anyways ;). Would love an in-depth interview with David Hobbs of Lund Observatory, Sweden about GaiaNIR. Have been following your show for more than 5 years, finally got the courage to ask a question. Thanks for all the work you and your team do.

[@sjsomething4936]

Really good questions, very well thought out! I’d be fascinated to hear what Fraser might reply and if he could get that interview it’d also be extremely interesting.

[@shravanrao3838]

@@sjsomething4936 Thank You! I would also like to know your thoughts on it, if you would like to share?

[@sjsomething4936]

@@shravanrao3838 I wish I had the knowledge level to provide a worthwhile answer, but I’m afraid we’ll both have to just wait and see if Fraser covers the question in a subsequent video or someone smarter than me can potentially answer.

[@dontworryboutmeok]

Man, I love the music in the background with the way you speak in the videos, the tone brings you in. Subscribed.

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

I wondered if I would live long enough to see a moonbase. I may just do so, it seems!

[@edreusser4741]

There must be a ton of rogue planets. The number of stars follows a power curve distribution with every 2x increase in size resulting in a 10x decrease in population density. That means, all else being equal, that the number of Jupiter-sized rogue planets is about 80 times as many of the smallest M-type stars. That just counts the number formed using stellar formation processes. The number formed using planetary formation processes would be twice as much.

[@shravanrao3838]

I wonder if the Planetary formation processes near the center of galaxies may be different to the ones farther away. So the kind of planets & their sizes may be varied as we go out of the center. Love the thought experiment, makes me think.🧐

[@RayQueen-mi1qi]

wow you really know your stuff 👍👍👍👍

[@relevance4890]

Subscribed!! Looking forward to more reliable info from KZbin, I have seem many "theoretical" channels that classify themselves as scientific but post what ifs in their thumbnails as fact like a bad nat geo show. Its terrible and I am glad to click on a video that actually shows me what is in the thumbnail and doesn't dance around the topic that drew me here all to tell me some BS.

[@peterblinn7946]

As long as a rogue planet has another body orbiting closely, perhaps even of a size that would make the pair more accurately described as a double planet, tidal effects could generate enough heat to sustain some sort of life without the need for a sun. We certainly see this kind of heating going on with the closer satellites of Jupiter and Saturn, plus the Pluto-Charon pair, and I'll bet it's more the rule than the exception.

[@bravo_01]

So in other words, the ice sheet on Europa acts as its atmosphere in a way?

[@antoniom1352]

Yes, it does

[@Yora21]

More like its surface crust. The water below is like lava.

[@dr4d1s]

Thank you so much for the show, Fraser! I look forward to it every Friday. Love the format and the clear, concise information. The no fluff approach lets me know that if it's on the show, it's something I need to know and I should read up on them more to understand them better!

[@JohnStopman]

13:36 such a beautiful image!

[@WestOfEarth]

I'd like to see JWST data regarding Tabby's Star. Any news on this?

[@DominikJaniec]

thank you Fraser and the whole UT team!

[@bbbenj]

Thanks a lot for these space news 😊

[@JenniferA886]

Thanks for all of these updates 👍👍👍🍺🍺🍺

[@GrouchyHaggis]

Production and editing quality of this video - 10/10

[@GrouchyHaggis]

Just 1 issue noticed - Europa's moon section says 'Europe's'

[@sjsomething4936]

@Fraser Cain, question - is Europa also somehow heated by either tidal forces exerted by Jupiter or perhaps the intense Jovian magnetosphere? I’m thinking if the core contains a ferrous material it might somehow translate the magnetic field into heat.

[@webjunkienl]

Thank you patrons

[@robertmiller9735]

I'd have been surprised if Europa's ice weren't decoupled from the interior, considering there's supposed to be a hundred or so kilometers of liquid water between the ice and the rock. If it weren't, wouldn't that imply the ice grounding on rock bottom in places?

[@universemaps]

Thanks for the news, Fraser!

[@Arizalia]

Hi Fraser, Been watching your videos for years; can't believe this is my first comment on your channel. In a recent video you mentioned using a star's wobble to detect planets, and gave an example of Earth exerting a very small pull on the sun, which if observed can be used as evidence of Earth's existence. My question is: how can these wobbles be differentiated, i.e. won't the sun wobble all around in different places as our eight planets orbit it? How can alien astronomers (or even us, at that matter) tell that the wobble is caused by one planet and not by three? And is this one impairment for the wobble method, where the more planets of equal mass orbit a star, the harder it is to detect them? (Since I assume they cancel each other's pull on their star if they are at opposite sides of their orbit, for example.)

[@massimookissed1023]

The detected wobble will be a sum of multiple wobbles of different intensities and frequencies. Our sun will have a big 12 year wobble (Jupiter), with a smaller 1 year wobble superimposed on it. As well as a bunch of other period wobbles too.

[@Arizalia]

@Massimo O'Kissed thank you for taking the time to read and answer! I was just wondering if the sum wobble produced fluctuate haphazardly to the point of it being infeasible to detect how many planets are there in this system. I'd assume Jupiter, for example, would be easy to isolate since its gravitational influence on the sun is much stronger than the other planets. So as you said, the 12-year cycle of the wobble it causes can be somewhat isolated and used as evidence of its existence. My concern though was, if Jupiter's pull far surpasses the pulls of the inner planets, would it be to a point where it could cancel out any pull exerted by them, even if for a small period of time (since inner planet years are shorter). Would that disruption be enough to make it almost impossible to isolate the wobbles planets like Earth or Mercury could cause? Also, would that make it an impairment to where it can't be detected at all. Like the transit method, for example, no matter how sensitive or advanced your telescope is, unless the planets are aligned in our sight of view with their star (or a fainter background source of light I guess if our technology is that advanced), then we wouldn’t really be able to find them, ever (using the transit method alone).

[@jamesmnguyen]

Massimo got the gist of it. If you want more knowledge of how they do it. I suggest learning about Fourier Series/Transforms. A very powerful mathematical tool that changed the world.

[@massimookissed1023]

Here's *_Smarter Every Day_* 's vid on Fourrier series, showing how very complicated squiggles can be made up from a sum of circles of different frequencies. Fourrier analysis does the reverse, finding the frequencies that add up to the observed squiggle. kzbin.info/www/bejne/mqSTlKB3i5KMm80

[@sjsomething4936]

@@Arizalia as Massimo and others have noted, it should be possible to detect the wobble of many of the planets and separate them out from one another with a long enough observation duration. This is especially true of the large ones, determining the amount of wobble from smaller planets will have a lot to do with the distance away from the sun the observations are being made and sensitivity of the technology doing the observing. Also, the length of time that the observations are made as a very long period orbit of a very distant planet could be in the hundreds of years such as Pluto or Eris, which has an orbital period of 558 years. I’d suspect Pluto or Eris are likely undetectable from most places other than perhaps the very closest stars.

[@PoleTooke]

Cool news! Hope we get more, as well as less disheartening, news about the Trappist 1 system soon!

[@bassangler73]

Good show, I enjoyed it! !

[@glike2]

@Fraser Cain, A good trick to predict a future collision with a rogue planet is the pilot's trick that if it stays in the same spot in your view a collision is possible

[@luckan20]

Fraser, but can life would have evolved without atmosphere and 4X radion. Obviously, our assumptions about life are based on Earth. The Cosmos can and definitely surprise us. Life can evolve and mold itself to the environment. Maybe I am wrong, but I don't want to assume that just because there is no life (what we know of) in Mercury, it doesn't imply there can't be life elsewhere. Always love your videos.

[@rezadaneshi]

Perfect person to ask, does water need atmospheric pressure to freeze into ice lighter than water?

[@edreusser4741]

yes...

[@AnyOtherNamePlease]

Comets are composed mostly of ice and they have no atmosphere. It depends on where they form ie what their temperature is

[@helder1340]

needs to be 0 C'

[@AnyOtherNamePlease]

@@helder1340 At 1 Earth atmospheric pressure

[@massimookissed1023]

As far as I can tell, H₂O ice is always less dense than H₂O liquid at any pressure where liquid water is possible. If the pressure is too low, H₂O transitions between ice & vapour with no liquid phase.

[@harrywynne-morgan3583]

Hi Fraser. Love your work. I have listened for years. This is my first question!: Is there a scenario whereby a black dwarf could become an orbiting object of an active star, and could potentially harbour life as earth does? Harry

[@harrywynne-morgan3583]

essentially, could a black dwarf be habitable somehow?

[@koriw1701]

Thanks Fraser. Wonderfully informative as usual. Is it time yet to give up the clunky name of the "JWST" and go to simply "James Webb?" Just a thought...

[@craigmackay4909]

“Tidally locked” is heartbreaking .

[@rustybolts8953]

Thanks!

[@miinyoo]

3D printing batteries from regolith. If I recall, battery manufacture requires precise control of the compositions of each of their parts. There will have to be a facility adjacent which smelts, purifies and separates the battery inputs for such a printer. When I hear about that part getting worked on, then I might think it wasn't a waste of money. Should be doing the materials sourcing first, I would think.

[@737smartin]

So you think they should proceed with building lunar smelting facilities before experimenting to see what kinds of batteries might be possible using lunar regolith? 🤔 I'm glad they're not following that approach, personally.

[@johnramirez5032]

Excellant podgast !

[@bradclifton5248]

I think it was Mike Brown who said that Stella simulations will always kick out one body when there are more than several gas giants. It's one of their arguments for the potential planet 9

[@alaskansummertime]

Photosynthesis would not be possible on Europa or am I missing something? I guess there could be life based around underwater volcanic vents.

[@Khannea]

The first planet is awesome. Now we know we can build dyson halo around trapist. This is awesome news, someone call Anders.

[@allurbase]

Hi Fraser, why warm the regolith, wouldn't water simply sublimate once you crush the glass beads?

[@alleneverhart4141]

Maybe there are rogue planets enroute to Alpha Centauri? Would that be a resource for interstellar missions?

[@Yora21]

Even if you could catch a ride, it would still take tens of thousands of years to get there.

[@michaeltaguma5945]

Rogue planets are a product countless collisions and merging of the bully Milky Way galaxy with smaller galaxies in the local group. When collisions occur some planets and their parent stars are knocked out of their orbits and wonder off into the vastness of the their host galaxy. It is very unlikely that planets can form on their own in the absence of another body exerting gravitational influence in the local environment. We are bracing ourselves for more rogue planets,stars and possibly small black holes to join the league of rogue galactic objects with the arrival of Andromeda. The merger of the Milky Way and Andromeda is going to unleash chaos of galactic proportions and change life as we know it.

[@douglaswilkinson5700]

When red-dwarves are young their planets rotate exposing most of their surfaces to very powerful flares which is not conducive to forming atmospheres.

[@reinerbraun9995]

What is the name of the music in the background??

[@rionbuss]

@frasercain When will we get info about the other Trappist-1 planets? 🤔

[@frasercain]

No idea. We got 1, so I guess more soon?

[@paulheinrich7645]

Could the liquid under Europa’s surface be made to act like the dynamo created by Earth’s molten iron core?

[@robertmiller9735]

...thus giving it a magnetic field, reducing the radiation flux? Good idea.

[@mrmb84]

Moon batteries! amazing to think what this could mean here on earth too; that combined with those regolith solar panels from blue alchemist; it's amazing what's possible when working with such constraints. Let's be as smart with our resources here 👍

[@christopheraaron8299]

Trappist-1 is over 7 billion years old, so it stands to reason that an Earth sized planet would have completely cooled to the point that it has no spinning metallic core, which means it would have no magnetosphere to block the stellar wind and would have little to no atmosphere. The planets would be a lot like Mars.

[@jssomewhere6740]

The micro lensing is very cool and yet kind of sucks. We only get 1 shot at seeing anything and it can never work again to see that specific body. The rogue bodies are frustrating because can't predict an orbit so finding them again is kind of a crap shoot.

[@JohnDlugosz]

Re stopping at brown dwarfs (and other objects) along the way: I don't understand why you'd want to STOP at all. Acceleration (and stopping) is the big deal, the seriously hard part.

[@robertmiller9735]

Yep. Additional, possibly closer targets on the other hand...

[@mungohalf-brain2743]

Maybe they have more work to do on some of the other TRAPPIST planets.

[@miskatonicalumni5612]

What if rogue planets are only in that state because they came in close contact and had their orbit disrupted by another rogue planet and so on. Was their a 1st rogue planet?

[@gpaul8062]

March 29 broadcast of earthfiles with linda Moulton Howe. Very interesting info on trappist 1 system.

[@justz00t48]

Just imagine a rogue planet the mass of the earth just getting flung into our solar system and completely wrecking the orbits of our planets.

[@brandoncorynagley92388]

What do you think trappist 1 is lol it is earths twin sun planet x.. Biblical wormwood the brown dwarf star... I knew over a week plus ago they would tell the public about a quote red dot in the sky and news would lie saying it's light years away. No. The planet x system invaded earths solar system between 2002 and 2007. Now planet x the d destroyer. Wormwood the fiery red dragon is making its way in and it'll cause hell on earth as slowly is starting to as has been part few years... After christ raptures Christians up into heaven judgement of God will hit earth for 7 years. Just hope whoever reads this message comes to Christ as Lord before late. I've been watching and showing the planet x system and planet x for years. Time is short... I'll just say that...

[@echofloripa]

Could that be possible?

[@justz00t48]

@@echofloripa Yes it is possible but just unlikely. We would have to be pretty unlucky.

[@johnramirez5032]

That would be horrific if that happened. From what i heard

[@johnramirez5032]

@@echofloripa we are like ducks in a shooting gallery. The sun shoots at us and meteors fly by us all the time. One just missed us. It was closer than the moon is to us. Thats really close in astronomical terms. And now apparently stray planets. I really hope Nibiberu is a made up story. We have enough things to worry about ! LOL. I think we have been here for a long time. Most asteroids that would have done so by now. ... i think

[@Miata822]

Rogue planets, along with rogue moons, asteroids, rocks, & dust (mostly the dust), don't provide fun points-of-interest to visit on an interstellar voyage. They are largely the reason why there will never be a human interstellar voyage. Science fiction is fun, but space really does not want us out there.

[@erikjrn4080]

Kazakhstan/Roscosmos: $30m is nothing to a sovereign nation. Even assuming that Russia's economy had crashed (it hasn't), paying a bill like that would be a matter of politics, not economy. The former administrator of Roscosmos, Dmitry Rogozin, brought the organization through radical changes, and supposedly made quite a few enemies, including among Kazakhstan authorities. Last year, he was abruptly fired from his position, and hasn't been given a new assignment. I suspect the explanation is related to whatever the details are, behind all of that. Whatever it is, I'm pretty sure Russia won't let it get in the way of any ambitions they have in space.

[@Raz.C]

re - 7:30 Maybe the Chinese release of space data is their version of their decadal aspirations. Except they have 5-year plans because they're twice as efficient as NASA?

[@Dragonited]

I don't know if we could talk about a habital zone around a red dwarf star. They are notoriously unstable and makes life around them very unlikley. We should keep studying them for science but I'm not keeping my hopes up for any signs of life. :(

[@NAV-tv7xf]

Starliner is also capable of launching on a Falcon 9, and it is a lot cheaper than Vulcan will ever be. Why wouldn't they go that route?

[@ARWest-bp4yb]

Dream Chaser will also be delayed due to Vulcan/Centaur.😒

[@oldbloke135]

I think the million dollars per kg on the Moon was the figure using something like Apollo. Elon Musk reckons he will eventually get to a figure of $10 per kg to LEO with Starship. Getting to LEO requires about 2/3 of the delta V of landing on the Moon and delta V (as far as I know) is proportional to dollars, so surely putting a kg on the Moon will be more like $15? Let's say having to refuel reduces mission efficiency to a tenth and call it $150 per kg.

[@truecrony]

10:00 $10,000 per lb. or another analogy I've heard is everything we've launched into space is worth it's weight in Gold. Which makes me wonder why we don't push the International Space Station further out into space instead of deorbiting it. Send it to a Lagrange point or crash it into the Moon. Eventually we will use it even if it's defunct.

[@johnhead1643]

If it was crashed in to the Moon, it would be a lot more than "defunct" haha

[@truecrony]

@@johnhead1643 It would still be worth it's weight in gold. Future automated rovers would recycle it or reassemble and make it a museum.

[@JohnKpl]

[Q] Hi Fraser. What would happen if Jupiter suddenly disappeared? How would this affect the Earth?

[@neoforce0]

3x more water seems like they are probably hyping it up a bit.

[@mattkeith530]

Rogue planets are that common? I wonder if we could use them to slingshot to other stars!

[@Raz.C]

re - 8:00 Oh gods... I just caught a glimpse into the future... Instead of just normal beaded necklaces, in 50 years time, these glass beads from the moon are going to form the basis of beaded necklaces made from glass moon-beads. Every hippie and hipster and bead-loving young person is going to break the bank trying to get their very own genuine moon-beads...

[@takingbacktheplanet]

ouch... i don't know the details, but that seizure by Khazakstan of Russian assets must've been one of the most hurtful things for them in this war. D:

[@takingbacktheplanet]

i mean, that has happened during. since i don't think they are related very much, probably.

[@vrgamer7512]

I’m curious if nasa plans to reuse any of the stuff they left on the moon. Like they left a little car up there. Just put some new batteries in it and off to the races

[@michaelcarlin6049]

Hey buddy I don't know if you're aware but they are putting commercials in your show now. About one every 6 minutes

[@frasercain]

Hmm, I just double checked the settings and there should only be a single ad at the beginning. You're seeing them every 6 minutes in this video?

[@mightyoaks77]

Does anybody know if all the habitable planets in the trappist system are tidally locked?

[@JenniferA886]

Good question… I’ve got no idea…

[@Prof.Megamind.thinks.about.it.]

Almost beyond a doubt , yes . The tidal forces acting upon them are similar to those acting upon Jupiter's moons , and they have apparently been tide-locked for billions of years . .------------------------------. **Special interest Mr. Caine : The discovery at Trappist-1b is actually GREAT ! . It means that the twilight and dark sides of the planet are usable , not ridiculous ovens like Venus has . Most Mercury-class planets will likely possess significant stores of volatiles & metals, as well as great abundances of easily obtainable energy sources . These planets are in essence , giant condominiums waiting for tenants to move on in ! 🤓

[@Yora21]

I've found one graph that says that for all but the very largest red dwarfs, the habitable zone is entirely within the distance at which tidal locking occurs.

[@danschraufnagel5758]

First, I like your vids. Thank you. Second, totally disagree with you. Saying "the moon or mars" in the same sentance. They are comletelly different plantes. Mars has far greater materials and escential elements than the moon. When we get there, mars will rule. Keep up the good work! :-)

[@richardrigling4906]

Any idea when/if NASA will abandon Boeing/Starliner and shift funding to Dream Chaser? It seems that eventually the sunk costs in the Star Liner program will become unsustainable.

[@BriarLeaf00]

China's moon project is simultaneously ambitious enough to remain interesting to everyone and yet realistic enough to actually happen. It seems like, with the US depending more and more on public-private partnership and leaning on snake oil salesmen like Musk, the way is paved for China to be the only entity capable of funding really big, ambitious projects. It would be nice if along with a lot of other things we could hit the pause button on military spending to put more towards NASA so we could do the same.

[@dearheart2]

I wish there was no background music!

[@bradclifton5248]

And starship could basically obsolete all other vehicles very quickly. With speed and reusability starship success will change everything.

[@All_Good_Things]

As far as the moon base is concerned, I can already see how it's going to play out You will have China and Russia on one side and the USA on the other doing exactly what they do here on earth.So im not all optimistic about it😞

[@nevyngould1744]

Batteries. Use paper and conductive ink. Much lighter.

[@eruiluvatar236]

Does a tidally locked habitable zone exist? Given that planets around red dwarfs tend to be tidally locked and that makes the side that faces the star way to hot unless the atmosphere redistributes the heat, could there be a point where it is far enough for the whole illuminated side to be habitable or would that also be far enough that it won't be tidally locked?

[@Yora21]

If the star is small enough, then yes. Being tidally locked means that one side is getting permanent sunlight and would be much hotter than global average, and the other side no sunlight at all and be much colder than global average. The twilight area between the two sides where the sun is always behind or low over the horizon but light still gets scattered from the atmosphere and clouds could have a very pleasant climate. And on hotter planets, the most comfortable regions might be all the way on the permanently dark side, though there would be no sunlight available as an energy source for plants, so probably very barren.

[@froobas]

Theoretically, yes. A planet with a thick atmosphere and global oceans would efficiently circulate heat. The large quantity of heating could loft a lot of water vapor from the oceans, making for a lot of clouds; which might serve to reflect some degree of the solar radiation back to space. This would serve to moderate the climate on the light side of the planet.

[@211212112]

Well it is a little cooler than the no atmo model…

[@IAMMASED]

This is the Nemesis system...

[@211212112]

They wait months cause they don’t want us KZbin astronomy nerds to beat them to the punch. Avi wouldn’t be scared.

[@jonathanbaincosmologyvideo3868]

Planets cannot just form out of gas and dust. Most gas in the universe is hydrogen, then helium. How much of that we got here on Earth, eh? The force of gasses pushing against itself, is exponentially higher than the force of gravity. The only way for a solar system to form, (with an ecliptic plane) is for one of a binary pair to go nova.

[@slangster233]

It would be a lot less expensive with far less risk to send robots for the first few decades to build all the infrastructure necessary for life.

[@Rezerection]

That moment you really consider that we are not just in a solar system shooting gallery of asteroids and comets, but also earth size to gas giant size planets, not gravitational bound to any visable star, accelerated to speeds that are at least escape velocity of their home system....and they could be anywhere even on a collision course with us....also that depending on their composition, internal geologic activity, and how long they have been on the float...they could have cooled to where they give off very little even in infrared...we only know tired these two because they happened to pass perfectly in between the earth and a distant star causing a leansing effect....lol space is scary, and I love it.

[@joaodecarvalho7012]

TRAPPIST-1b is very different from Venus.

[@dm1045]

What ever happened to NASAs Robonaut ? Is it up there ? Does it work. Never hear anything about it

[@Yora21]

So Europa has plate tectonics?

[@PhonicallyPsychotic]

It will only get better from here ! 8D

[@prcoy1]

at 6:12 & 6:14 a lunar meteor shower.... !?!? Must be the "other" moon. The one with a atmosphere.

[@johnhead1643]

Meteors are meteors whether there is an atmosphere or not. They just don't burn up without one.

[@annoyed707]

Fraser, your 'battery in a chair' is an 'electric chair'. Hmm...

[@madcow3235]

So lunar hotels next century?

[@donnanorth7324]

The battery idea is about as far fetched as they come.

[@frasercain]

When you're spending millions of dollars per kilogram to get stuff to the Moon, the incentives change.

[@nielsandersen6164]

That’s no rogue planet. It’s a space station!

[@allenhonaker4107]

Maybe if we invested more money in scientists and less in tax cuts for multi billionaires we would get information quicker

[@Recycled]

👆This 👆

[@robertmiller9735]

*sigh* Yeah... more money for everything actually important.

[@Kamil_O]

I wonder when we will see people doing non-scientific jobs in space. In Antarctica there are normal jobs like cook or janitor. But in space it is all about science.

[@illogicmath]

Rogue planets + brown dwarfs +failed stars +black holes + dust + asteroids + myriads of other celestial bodies = dark matter?

[@massimookissed1023]

Their total mass probably still isn't enough to account for dark matter, which is about 5x more mass than the stuff we *_can_* detect.

[@illogicmath]

@@massimookissed1023 how do they know their total mass if theyre pretty much invisible?

[@johnramirez5032]

Hmmmm. Mabe? In part? The Higs bolson and the higs field = dark matter/energy?

[@deltalima6703]

How is russia going to the moon? They suicided all the men that are young enough for missions...

[@massimookissed1023]

_"We need some volunteers to sit in this tiny room._ ... _Ha ha! You're cosmonauts now, suckers!"_ *"Blyat !"*

[@ryann6919]

3D printing batteries, Astroneer players I'm looking at you!

[@211212112]

I i structurally print up some AAA batteries for my TV remote?

[@JohnDlugosz]

Free-floating planets... What's the definition of "planet" again?

[@robertmiller9735]

Due to change, probably. Again.😊

[@Scorpiove]

ULA: too little, too late.

[@211212112]

Build A Bear 🐻 on the Moon.

[@dermotmccorkell663]

Impact proxies

[@RayQueen-mi1qi]

WHAT.....NACEY GRACE