Lec 83: Social Exclusion and Stratification

[@kaarwan-e-upsc]

The following question was asked in one of the comments... I am mentioning it here for the perusal of all. How Marx is relevant in contemporary scenario? My answer It's a very broad topic to answer in comment section... To be frank, it might require a separate lecture on its own However, you can think along the following lines In favour of Marx (or Neo-Marxists arguments) 1. Rising Global Inequalities- gap between rich and poor, haves and have nots is increasing. (Quote the recent Global Inequality report here). 2. The rising phenomenon of Great Resignation in backdrop of covid which gave a shock to the functioning of capitalist system. 3. Relate the above point to alienation also. Increasing exclusion of workers from the process of production, self and society. Also, you could talk about the emerging trend among the IT workers and software engineers who are quitting their jobs to pursue the work they are interested in (like agriculture). 4. Also, Talk about how the state is a committe of the Bourgeoise and is a political extension of their economic power. Talk about the nexus between the capitalists and politicians (quid pro quo, party funding)... Crony capitalism. Also, you could argue whereas the state is cutting down on subsidies of the poor by giving the arguments of Fiscal rationalisation on the one hand, but on the other hand extending to the capitalists Tax Subsidies/rebates. 5. Also, talk about the increasing divorce rates in contemporary times which is a consequence of Heavy demands, stress at work, daily disappointments and failures among the male workers and how this stress among the male workers is leading to increasing incidents of domestic violence (Males venting out their frustrations against the wives as they can't target their bosses and capitalists). This is putting heavy burden on the institution of families and ultimately they break down under this stress. 6. Talk about the rising Religious fervour in politics across the globe which is a deliberate ploy by the capitalists to divide the workers on the basis of their Religious identities rather than class identities which is preventing their homogenisation and mobilisation (Division of workers on the basis of Religious, ethnic identities). Religion being the opium of the masses. 7. Also talk about the rising attacks on immigrants and ethnic minorities. It portrays a deflection of hostilities. Ethnic minorities are blamed for unemployment, degradation of culture of native population. According to Marxists, this is deliberately done by people in power to hide the abject failures of capitalist system. It is the perverted capitalist system which is a real cause of their misery and suffering. But the frustration and discontent of the native workers is deflected towards ethnic immigrants (This is Ruling class ideology which is promoting false class consciousness) Contemporary counter arguments 1. Post modernists talk about Death of class. 2. Weber - which is relevant to modern society- it is status which promotes common consciousness and not class. Status cuts across class.... Talk about alternatives to revolution (quiet quitting) 3. Weberian arguments like Expansion of middle class rather than proletarianisation which marx predicted. 4. Giddens- Modern identities are fluid and not concrete and hence no class consciousness which requires concretisation of identities. 5. Rise of right wing politics and decreasing social base of left parties witnessed across the world. 6. Extreme specialisation and complex division of labour in modern societies is preventing Homogenisation of workers and concretisation of class identities. All these points are an amalgamation of what I have taught in all the lectures uptill now!! You could tackle these dynamic questions if you are religiously making notes out of these lectures and revising and interlinking various lectures and diverse topics together!!

[@py5935]

wonderful

[@dharmasothpraveen7320]

❤

[@Amritkaur-y7d9]

Thanku sir❤

[@Amritkaur-y7d9]

Thanku sir❤

[@shristisingh1458]

Truly amazing thank u sir.

[@rupaligupta694]

Thank you so much sir ❤❤❤

[@AnshuSingh-we2xg]

Sir I can't believe that I found this gold mine today. Sir please don't stop uploading as you are my only hope which I can relied upon. The best part is that no bakwaas only topic pe charcha. Thankyou sir💐

[@biggiesmile8754]

osho, jiddu krishnamurty are brillinat thought stimulating persons.

[@biggiesmile8754]

sadhguru is from TEMU

[@dr.pranali]

I just finished lecture no 1 . Just want to say thank you for lecture series 🙏🏻

[@shashwata007able]

Thank you sir completed the lecture❤

[@Akshaykumar-ez9qg]

Sir Cureently I'm on lecture number 25. I am here to say thank you for lecture number 83 and hoping for further lectures. Lots of love for your effert.

[@MohitMohit-mv7hf]

Thankyou so much sir 🙏🙏🙏

[@Aspirant3518]

Thanku sir ❤

[@thegametheoryexpert]

Thanks so much sir

[@letsstudy6904]

Thankyou so much sir

[@akashrasne]

Thank you so much sir 🎯

[@letsstudy6904]

sir hierarchy wala topic kab karenge

[@kaarwan-e-upsc]

Which topic is this??

[@letsstudy6904]

@@kaarwan-e-upsc actually sir wo auto correct hogya hierarchy ka hereditary

[@kaarwan-e-upsc]

@@letsstudy6904 But I have been teaching about hierarchy only in past 8 lectures!!!

[@letsstudy6904]

@@kaarwan-e-upsc Yes sir ,I was not able to structure ans that is why I was asking now I got it,thankyou sir ❤

[@kaarwan-e-upsc]

@@letsstudy6904 see this. I am copy pasting other comment here!! I have discussed it in the initial lectures of stratification....You need to watch them....However, Let me further clarify it again for everyone's benefit. Stratification = Hierarchical Top down arrangement of groups/strata/layers (each strata having common lifestyle and similar experiences which leads to building up of distinct subculture and strata (race/caste/class/status) based identities). Therefore, stratification includes Hierarchy. Now, In closed system this Hierarchy is rigid, fixed and unamendable. Eg. Caste/estate. In Open Systems this Hierarchy is flexible , subjected to change and amendable. Eg. Class. Also Dipankar Gupta says Stratification could be Horizontal ( here there is no hierarchy of groups/strata), rather these are mere differences. So Its better to call Horizontal stratification with the term Social Differentiation (and not stratification) Eg. Religions are different, languages are different but they are not unequal. DG says stratification could be vertical also which involves Hierarchy and Inequality. He argues that Horizontal stratification gets converted into vertical stratification due to prejudices. Eg one religion, race, ethnic group or language claiming superior status than other groups. Also, Social Stratification is one of the forms or subset of social inequality. Not all social inequality are based on Hierarchy/Hierarchical arrangement eg. Primitive communism where inequality is there (eg.tribal chief enjoys more power and is rich because he gets gifts from the tribes men). But there is no Hierarchical arrangement here. You need to watch first two lectures of stratification for further clarity.

[@Khushi06110]

Sir ap sociology optional complete kraenege ?

[@kaarwan-e-upsc]

Hanji!!

[@ahad_khan001]

Sir I am beginner in sociology it's enough to cover upsc syllabus pls tell

[@kaarwan-e-upsc]

Yes... It's sufficient!!

[@ahad_khan001]

@@kaarwan-e-upsc thank you sir

[@Akshaykumar-ez9qg]

sir recently gov. filed. a concern related to think about the decision of decriminalising the LBBTQ marriage. And I come through your lecture as well so I stated discussing the issue to one of my Friend and In between our conversation he confess that he is a gay and I was shocked but he told me that you are a sociology student you can understand the things and you should know it. This time I realise fear of exclusion hold him such a year to tell me the truth. If I don't have come through your lecture I have reacted this in may be other way but now it is ok. He is my good friend and he will be.

[@Akshay00911]

thank u sir

[@Thefirstopinion.]

THANK YOU SIR ☺️

[@Akshay00911]

Can we equate 'poverty' with 'poor living'? Elaborate your answer. (17/1/1e/10). sir in this question we can quote oscar lewis culture of poverty OR LEIBOW

[@kaarwan-e-upsc]

Yes... Poverty is responsible for poor living but not exclusively.... Slums/lack of basic services/poor quality of life/lack of basic amenities... You could definitely include Lewis and leibow However, rich people could also be leading poor lives... For instance mental illness, depression, anxiety... Which durkheim would say is a social fact as it is shaped by societal conditions. Also bring in other dimensions to justify your answer!!

[@Akshay00911]

@@kaarwan-e-upsc thank you sir

[@weirdinsaan5351]

taliban regime in afganistan for women ( exclusion example')

[@divyanshubhargava427]

Sir, I have 2 questions. 1. How many lectures for paper 1 still remain? 2. When we will start paper2? As I mentioned earlier, I am completely relying on your lectures for the foundation of sociology. I have faith and trust in you as a student. Please keep doing this. :)

[@kaarwan-e-upsc]

1. I am not sure about the no. of lectures..... But I am targetting October for paper 1 completion 2. Will take a month break from teaching... And will pursue paper 2 from December!!

[@kunalkeshrii7279]

Sir...I have been in stress finding sociology classes from various platforms but ended as getting no results and then tried your Sociology lectures and found that the way you teach any topic from level zero is Exceptional. Any non-sociology student can directly learn from your lectures...you teachs in a way that "A Lay Person " who know nothing can learn very easily. Teaching Quality...Very hard to find.

[@wanishahid1356]

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[@dr.pranali]

I just finished lecture no 1 . Just want to say thank you for lecture series 🙏🏻

[@suparna5224]

Thank you sir 🙏