Photoelectric Effect History: A Battle of Einstein vs. Lenard

Einstein won his Nobel Prize for the photoelectric effect, but why? He was more famous for relativity. It all has to do with a man named Philipp Lenard. Lenard's experiments inspired Einstein, and Lenard at first befriended Einstein but then turned and made his life a misery. This is a fascinating story of how a brilliant scientist can descend into madness.
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[@jackd.ripper7613]

I know you're going to say otherwise, but as always, I consider this WAY too short! I look forward to these so much. Bravo!

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

You made me laugh. 18 minutes is too short?? Thanks.

[@climbeverest]

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics love physics history, it will be an incredible honor to see if you are lecturing anywhere

[@minirock000]

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics More like fifteen minutes, the rest is spent on introduction for this video and set-up for the next video and theme music on both ends. They are short when normal programming for a short show is 30 min or about 25 min runtime. Really though, why are they too short? It seems you are just getting started and it ends. Not by the information provided but because you make it so compelling.

[@robertakerman3570]

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics My attn. span says UR perfect. Nice job!

[@TomTom-rh5gk]

You are wrong she gives great logical presentations. You are looking for miindless filler. It's people like you who corrupt youtubes and turn them into click bate.

[@mskellyrlv]

Einstein later commented that general relativity, which treats space-time as ... well, a substance, since it can be bent in the presence of mass, is basically the equivalent of an aether. In fact, he didn't see how anyone could conceive of cause and effect without the existence of an aether. Great video, though. Immensely enjoyable and informative.

[@IckMotU]

People like you are the reason why i love youtube - despite all it's shortcommings. Thank you very much!

[@secularisrael]

You do the history of science great service, bringing to light these amazing stories with scientific accuracy, passion, and great storytelling. I could have written this on any of your videos, really, they're all so wonderful! Thank you.

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

Thank you for that lovely comment. Cheers, Kathy

[@jaimeduncan6167]

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics please do one on Maxwell he is so underrated

[@NuisanceMan]

@@jaimeduncan6167 MAXWELL is underrated? He's widely regarded as a giant.

[@shirish11]

Ma’am, I am hooked to your channel. You give out exactly what I need - the story behind the discoveries . I teach physics. The children love these stories and become more receptive to the concept being taught. Thank you from a teacher in India.

[@flirtwithdanger_les]

I'd never heard of Lenard before watching this video. Also amazed to see the physics Nobel prize was subject to much politicking, it's plain for all that the peace prize is.

[@minirock000]

Yeah Ming, what has Doctors Without Borders or James Carter ever done for anyone, they are selfish losers!

[@cybervigilante]

@@minirock000 They deserve it a lot more than Obama, who did Nothing for it, then started more wars and regime changes.

[@minirock000]

@@cybervigilante Well, don't know where you live but here in the United States, we don't have 'regimes'. If you would have paid attention, what did Obama say when he received his award? You don't know, I will help your ignorance, he said that he didn't earn it unlike his head of the department of energy, who had won a Nobel prize in physics. Unlike that moron trump put in that had a bachelors in animal husbandry. Oh yeah trump gets all the best people, that he can manipulate. So it seems like you must recant your statement but you are not man enough and will leave it here for all to see. That is even better, more to see your ignorance. You aren't even the OP go away moron.

[@darkfox77]

Obama.

[@minirock000]

@@darkfox77 Keep up Dougy, that's been said.

[@jenko701]

Oliver Heavyside would be a great topic of one of your videos. He gave us Maxwells equation in the form we are familiar with.

[@gustavderkits8433]

Thank you for putting this information in one place. I was aware of it, but your presentation gave an excellent summary in a single well-organized place. When my grandchildren are old enough to ask about it, I will use your presentation as part of their education. Incidentally, one recent history of World War II had a quote that, the reason the allies won the war was because “our German scientists were better than their German scientists”. There was a book called, “Hitler’s Gift” by Pike and Medawar on the benefits to the Allies of accepting the Jewish scientists the Germans expelled. When Erik Kandel got the Nobel Prize I remarked to my children that the gift continued into the next generation. In the end, the discrimination did not pay.

[@jacksondouglas5694]

I studied physics and one of my oldest professors was a German physicist who studied at Heidelberg University in the 30´s with incredible professors. Sommerfeld, Heisenberg, etc. On one occasion he told me that he had an experimental class on X-ray diffraction and the professor who was a fascist prepared a crystal in such a way that the diffraction pattern was a swastika. Probably was Lenard.

[@mcchuggernaut9378]

I just found your videos, and I have to applaud you! REAL, HISTORICAL RESEARCH! I love it! I subscribed after just two videos. Your content is intelligent, informative, based on actual first-hand accounts and publications, doesn't use third-hand cursory "conventional layman knowledge", and I have learned a lot, as a student of history! Ten out of ten, I love it! Also, don't worry about people saying these are "too short", rather, they are concise and give you exactly what you need to know without filler or long and annoying adds. You are doing the world a service!

[@ahmedrafea8542]

This is far more interesting and informative than anything I could hope for in a piece about history of science, particularly physics. I love the way you dig into personal, social and historical details to bring up the physics. The presentations are so accurate, entertaining and motivating. I have red so many popular science books, but these videos take the issues into a different realm. Thank you so much. Well done, and please keep up this impressive work.

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

Thank you so much.

[@bobdinitto]

Your videos on the history of physics have really piqued my interest in the scientific intrigues and dramas that played out both in public and behind the scenes during these turbulent times of the 20th century. I'm avidly ingesting your extensive catalog. Thank you!

[@erichodge567]

Hi, Kathy. I have just begun to watch your channel, and I cannot begin to tell you how much I'm enjoying it, although I guess I just did. In any case, your mixture of story and science really hits the sweet spot in the vast spectrum of physics videos on KZbin. This is great work, so thank you again.

[@toymaker3474]

u failed to mention the part where einstein concluded in a letter to lorentz that the aether must exist.

[@erikziak1249]

I really love how you tie together science facts with the people who discovered them, with the general era, how wars, ideology and superstition (prejudice) influenced so many things. I can binge watch your videos for hours, never get tired or bored, even though I mostly know the "science". Or maybe it is because my background knowledge, I am able to binge watch without problems. Hard to tell. Regardless, great videos, Kathy!

[@DaxVJacobson]

History is nuts, and you tell it so well over and over, so many things I've heard before but without so many interesting details. Thank you!

[@Memfys]

I came across your channel only recently but it has since become my favourite. Cheers!

[@karlschmied6218]

I love your videos which, as far as I know, are unique on youtube.

[@NNiSYS]

It is so much easier to remember facts, new words & concepts when they are tied to the people Who struggled to understand them & that is the service you are doing us all dear Kathy. Thank you for BEING YOU. I really appreciate you and your work!

[@johnrendle1303]

Kathy, you are superb!!!!! So much work and research must go into each of your amazing videos. You present them so naturally and clearly, it’s like having a chat with a friend with a brilliant and learned mind! Wow!

[@jk7690]

I learn and get entertained, what else could one want from a youtube channel!

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

Thank you! That was so sweet. I wasn't sure this one was particularly entertaining.

[@ruanlslima]

geez, that's fantastic content! I could spend hours listening to you telling me all about it! "You've got a 'subscriber' in me"

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

So glad you liked it. I have a ton of videos so you can actually spend hours listening to me if you want.

[@neomonk5668]

Thank you for another wonderful video. It sounds like the “ether” idea would fit into QFT. Peace

[@factfiend1000]

Quantum ether.I've read of the idea. Zero point energy could be the culprit.

[@pozzowon]

The history of conflicts between scientists is extraordinary! Gives you a completely different perspective of being an observer in today's world

[@maxcompress9732]

Some points is pretty wrong and biased in this video. Einstein was not against the aether. Einstein explains in 1920: “to deny the ether is to assume that empty space has no physical qualities what so ever".

[@maxwellsequation4887]

And then he showed that spacetime dances to mass and energy

[@maxcompress9732]

@@maxwellsequation4887 - im not sure about Einstien's dancing skills :)))

[@nassehk]

I am discovering your channel too late! These are great videos.

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

It’s not too late. I’m still here.

[@nassehk]

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics Awesome. Please keep on making. How do know so much about the history of science? It is just amazing how much ground you cover in each video.

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

Thanks I find history of science and scientists to be a puzzle and I love putting the puzzle pieces together

[@jensphiliphohmann1876]

I love you, Kathy. Your insight into the history of physics is pretty detailed and simply great.

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

Aww thanks

[@richardpetervonrahden6393]

Had never heard of Lenard before, but fascinating to hear of both the good and malevolent influences he had on science and the course of history. Thank you.

[@biopsiesbeanieboos55]

New subscriber. You occupy a very niche corner of the scientific education fraternity. You obviously have a passion, and these are important stories to tell. It reminds us that the things we take for granted today, only came about as the result of patience, persistence and a bit of pestering before new theories got taken seriously. A great lesson for young scientists in all fields.

[@lewiswithrow1936]

Kathy's enthralling narratives bring to life the thinking behind the great discoveries that have given us the modern world. Free on my laptop. I am grateful.

[@thegloriousryius]

You are great story teller. I will have to watch these videos again, so that I can learn everything explained.

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

Cynics Truhseekr glad you liked it.

[@OrlandoRodriguezHK]

Excellent video, it really helps to learn about the human side of scientific progress.

[@elonstaxang350]

Great summary, presented very entertainingly, thanks! Just read about the rise and fall off Lenard in a memoir book. Sad to ruin a career by going head first into fascism and personal vendettas.

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

Elon Staxäng oh man, Lenard was a hard one for me. He could be charming and helpful and his Physics started off being top notch. In addition, I felt for the guy being at the step right before a major development time after time. And then reading how he fell into madness and fascism was painful. Bleh. Glad this video is over. Ps. What book did you read?

[@zes3813]

no such thing as vend or etc

[@david203]

@@zes3813 huh?

[@patrickwalsh2361]

I’m binge watching your videos Kathy! Hands down the most insightful and informative accounts of the history of physics! I’m going to order your book too - I’m sure it’s great also. Thanks much!

[@Jalcolm1]

She is the Beethoven of physics explainism, whatever that means. I am always astounded that Einstein understood cosmological forces while believing that the Milky Way was the entire universe. You can have only a tiny sample and still decipher the entire structure. She is doing God's work, which is more than He ever did.

[@disenoeingenieriaaxial3753]

I loved your video! Why you don't post a video about Francois van Rysselberghe? He's the father of long distance telephony and my great grandfather too!

[@robertschlesinger1342]

Excellent video. Very interesting, informative and worthwhile video.

[@francisfrancis4219]

My Lecturer said that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for the photo electric effect in lieu of Relativity, because Relatively was too misunderstood / controversial and was at risk for turning out wrong. So he had to be a Nobel Prize recipient, just Incase relativity, did indeed, turn out to be so revolutionary.

[@sovereignruler]

My father idolized Albert Einstein; the manner in which you speak about him brought back some incredible memories of my dad. Thank you Kathy.

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

That is lovely

[@NondescriptMammal]

Your concise but detailed historical perspective has helped me, as an interested lay person, better understand the physics itself, while making it interesting and bringing it to life from the historic side. Thank you!

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

Glad it was helpful!

[@carrickrichards2457]

What great depth and understanding the minds involved, so well laid out. Thank you

[@Jiggerj01830]

Finally, someone in the field of science that I can almost understand. 🙂

[@JaiAryavart108]

I chanced upon this series on physics only yesterday which delighted me much. Though I have been student of Indian and Western philosophy, I loved to know something about physical world, where physics came to my help. I am cypher in maths I still could understand theories and their applications. Your presentations are very helpful in knowing history of physics in lucid way. Thanks.

[@julian65886]

Wow, great video. There are not many like you in the world! Awesome!

[@RobertJohnson-zs4om]

I always enjoy your lectures on the people who are behind the equations. that is part of the story. thank you

[@GeoffreyFeldmanMA]

Here is a fun experiment one can do with digital voltmeter. LED's work backwards, producing current from light! Take an LED, best a larger one (but not the compound ones which produce different colors). Connect it to the meter and shine a bright light on it. You will get a voltage! Using an inexpensive microprocessor (such as the arduino) write a program that sends small pulses to the LED, barely enough to light it. This builds up an electric charge in the junction, which does not discharge due to lighting. Measure this charge (with the microprocessor) depending on exposure to external light. The charge will dissipate faster with the external light. Finally, you can observe that the discharge is faster with light of a similar wavelength to what the LED produces.

[@tonychinnery]

Its true that Eddington's solar eclipse experiments seemed to confirm Einstein's General Relativity and made Einstein famous, but there is some doubt that as to their accuracy (they had to detect a difference in the order of one hundreth of a millimetre on the photographic plate, the original plates have since been lost). More conclusive was the explanation (within accuracy limits) of the rotation of mercury's orbit. In the popular mind relativity is associated with Einstein, but special relativity was really a team effort. It was put into its final form by Minkovski. Einstein's greatest original idea (as he himself said) was the equivalence principle, though he needed a great deal of mathematical help to arrive at the final theory.

[@pirobot668beta]

No scientific discovery has ever been done in isolation, with the possible exceptions of the work of Lister and Curie. Marconi was hailed for years as the 'father of radio', but he was using Tesla components in his equipment. Tesla was certainly inspired by the work of others. Point being, unless absolute secrecy was involved in the principle research, there are gonna be many 'me too' breakthroughs around the same phenomena. A key part of the scientific method is repeatability: many labs can run the same experiment and compare results. The magic arises when people in those labs say things like "You know, now that we can do this, all these other things are now possible!" When a good idea comes along, many people notice!

[@crawford323]

If you can, increase the distance between you and your illumination from your ring light. Some of your image is nearing saturation. Only 30 cm or so should be enough.

[@blanstevslc]

Late to the party, but ... you really hit this one out of the park, Ms. K. Thanks!

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

It’s never too late to give me a compliment, thank you 😊

[@dyrthos2955]

Great job, had never heard of Lenard or drama with Nobel committee not awarding the medal to Einstein because of Lenard's efforts

[@Gr8nity]

This is so good I had to log and like with all my accounts!

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

That is so nice!! Thank you.

[@monroeclewis1973]

Your love of science is contagious!

[@pukulu]

very interesting bit of physics history. This demonstrates that a scientist, even an accomplished one such as Lenard, can still harbor a personality disorder of such magnitude that he becomes twisted into a grotesque figure.

[@saketpthak70]

Great video as always and what a great presentation.

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

Thanks

[@halweilbrenner9926]

So clear & a groundbreaking discovery.

[@ernestoyepez5103]

I just find this channel its SOO good

[@zendoc49]

historical perspective of science well done, Kudos

[@eottoe2001]

Oh, that is why Einstein got the Nobel prize for the photoelectric effect! Thank you explaining that.

[@hg1288]

Wow, didn't know photoelectric effect has such long and interesting story. Thanks kathy

[@konradswart4069]

_This is a fascinating KZbin channel!_ Puzzle. One that has occupied me for may years, decades even. In all papers about the special relativity, you find the statement: 'electromagnetic waves do not require a medium to travel'. Okay. But then I have a question. Isn't _space itself_ a medium? Even in Einstein's original paper on the special theory of relativity: "On the electrodynamics of moving bodies', Einstein wrote the following: "We will raise the conjecture (the purport of which will hereafter be called the "Principle of Relativity") to the status of a postulate, and also introduce another postulate, which is only apparently irreconciable with the former, namely that light is always propagated *_IN_* empty space with a definite velocity c which is independent of the state of motion of the emitting body. I have _emphasized_ the word: *_IN_* which Einstein just 'threw in' in this statement. Mind you, I am _not saying_ that Einstein is wrong. He is obviously right in his statement, that in an inertial frame at least, the speed of light is independent of the speed of the light source, and of the observer. Only _relative_ speeds exist. That is what the Michelson-Morley experiments clearly have shown. What I am asjung is: _how is this possible?_ _How can we understand this statement?_ I want to go even one step further. _How are we to understand the fact, that only _*_relative_*_ speeds exist?_ _Where does the Galilean Principle of Relativity itself comes from?_ Therefore, I repeat my questio. _Isn't space itself a medium?_ _There must be more going on than 'meets the eye' here!_ Is there anyone else out there who has noticed this strange peculiarity? At least Einstein himself didn't consider this to be a problem! He talks about 'empty space' as something the light waves travel into, without giving any thought about what this 'empty space' exactly _is!_ I think this is because he constructed special relativity from a postulational approach. And by this approach one only _eliminates_ everything that cannot be. If one is 'lucky' one then arrives at _only one_ possibility that is left. But such an eliminative approach _does not explain where this one and only possibility that is left comes from!_ Thus he arrived at the only transformations that were consistent with this approach, which are the Lorentz transformations. The thing a postulational approach _always fails to deliver,_ is _the particular mechanism that leads to the formulas thus found!_ It is like this: 'there are no more than 6 dogs in the park'. 'There are also no less than 7 dogs in the park'. Therefore there _must be exactly 6 dogs in the park!_ But then you have a statement that fails to tell where the dogs come from, or what kind of dogs they are, or how come _there are_ even dogs in the park! Or, more precisely: When you are certain that it cannot be that some animal is not a dog, you_still don't know_ what a dog _is!_ Such problems go all the way back to the problems in the foundations of mathematics itself. To be precise, it goes all the way back to the conflict between Hilbert's formalistic and Brouwer's intuitionistic approach to mathematics itself. Hilbert asserted, that to prove the existence of something it is enough to prove that it is impossible that it does not exist. Brouwer disagreed. He asserted, that _after_ you have proved that it is impossible that something does not exist, you must give _an additional proof_ of its existence. _Only then_ you know what you are talking about. Likewise, with Einstein's postulate we now know that _only the Lorentz transformations_ satisfy his postulates. But _where do these Lorentz transformations themselves come from?_ What is it, _in_ empty space, that causes the Lorentz transformations to be _the_ transformations with which motions within one inertial frame of reference can be translated into another frame of reference moving with respect to the first frame? What is it, _in_ empty space that makes the Galilean Principle of Relativity to be universally valid? _That_ is the question what Einstein's special theory of relativity _fails to answer!_ Einstein's special theory of relativity only _eliminates wht cannot be!_ But it _fails to tell us what is going on!_ _Maybe_ Einstein's special theory of relativity _is incomplete?_ _Maybe something entarily different is going on here?_ Therefore, there is something about the special theory of relativity _that is not yet understood!_ _I have found an answer to this question!_ But I am not certain whether I am on the right track. What I am thinking about is this: _Maybe empty space itself is something that does not exist at all!_

[@ralphdavis9670]

Yes you do have a lot of other videos; I am inundated with them, but enjoying it. Thanks Kathy.

[@wbriggs111]

Einstein worked in a patent office and knew the rules. When you make an invention you have to prove how it works so the patent, credit and Nobel prize would could go to the first person that understood the principal. This was the time that professors would freely share their knowledge through letters to other scientist. Why would you being a science lover would be happy when Lenrad died?

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

Because he was a Nazi. Better question is why you think that scientific accomplishments are more important than morality.

[@richtraube2241]

Only two minutes in and am already extremely fascinated.

[@nicholasivanderstoop4191]

Brilliant simple historic perspective on science and the inherent prejudice of scientists. Nobel not so Nobel. Thank you.

[@keybawd4023]

Another superb video bringing it all to life as you bring the scientists to life. One scientist that I was sad you didn't mention -- you referred to him as a British scientist - is Arthur Eddington. A fascinating and important man. A torch bearer for Einstein (as well as an eclipse watcher for Einstein!). He was no mean scientist either, especially in cosmology. He proposed that the energy of the stars came from fusion, and he was proved right. I wish there was an index of your videos, I can't always find one that follows another. The Lennard story is amazing and I shall have to watch the video again - pure drama. I am learning so much. Thank you.

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

What little I know of Eddington is very interesting and I’m scared to look into it more deeply cause I’m gonna fall down that rabbit hole I just know it.

[@keybawd4023]

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics I can't imagine you falling down a rabbit hole - but if you did I'm sure you would make an interesting video about it! But how about a video on the journeys to Principe and Sobral (in Brazil) for the eclipse, and the problems - in Sobral the villagers wanted to set off fireworks during the eclipse and that had to be diplomatically stopped. Then (I think) Eddington was very "generous" in his interpretations of the photos. A fascinating story.

[@iainhunneybell]

Brilliant Kathy. Informative and entertaining. Thank you so much. Fascinating

[@otiebrown9999]

Kathy, A great history of Maxwell, and Hertz. Yes, Lenard, was a brilliant, anti Jewish Turd. A great story!

[@chrisspinolo6983]

Your videos are sooo fascinating!!! Love how you relate the Story behind the science

[@btecappliedsciencehelp]

great video. The context behind some of the stuff I teach is fascinating and you explain it so well.

[@Go_for_it652]

Your the best story teller on the net ! Your No 1

[@doncourtreporter]

Lenard's story is a prime example of how hate and jealousy can and has hampered human progress.

[@eraoflearning6908]

I just love it all It's a sad story of Lenard's life..and a lesson for all of us.

[@xtrofilm]

I wonder if Lenard's Ether was right after all, Quantum Fields by another name and Electrons just folds in those Fields.

[@donaldaxel]

What a strange morale: Lenard felt that his discovery should be "defended" in stead of explained from another viewpoint, and think what would have happened if he had used these discoveries to make radio-telegraphy, or cathode ray "sound"-amplifiers and so on and on. He could have become very respected many ways. So does this story show us that carreer moves in Physics (then - and maybe now?) are hindered by oddities, weird circumstances, greedy capital (like Edison trying to squash alternate current, AC?) ?

[@meteor09]

Your videos are exciting and informative!

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

Thank you!

[@bullhaddha]

I studied physics in Heidelberg, when the "Physikalisches Institut" was still in the building they built just for Lenard. One or two of the professors that taught there pointed us to the history that lay behind the walls.

[@cajun70122]

Thanks! Really enjoying your videos!

[@anneanne6077]

Wow you're amazing 😍🤩 I'm glad I discovered your channel

[@AndySpicer]

That was really good! I’m happy to have found your channel.

[@otiebrown9999]

What a great history! Thanks!

[@ronitkumarmishra5904]

Your videos are like gem for us physics students. Thanks a lot.

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

You are quite welcome. Glad you like it

[@James-bv4nu]

First, the photoelectric effect theory is so logical and obvious, that you would think many physicists would have thought of it. Second, it was, at the time, only a theory, a way of explaining an experimental results; and even an incomplete theory at that. (for example, it did not explain, at the time, how light, being composed of photons, can undergo interference. Whereas positive and negative electric fields can cancel each other resulting in zero light intensity, then how do photons cancel each others.) Yet the Nobel committee deemed it appropriate to award a prize for the photoelectric effect theory. Einstein, of course, deserved the Nobel prize, in fact, probably deserved two or three prizes on his work on special and general relativity.

[@sanjursan]

Kathy, you are certainly one charismatic and intelligent individual.

[@Projacked1]

I'm subscribed now, I really like learing about physics and the origins are the most fascinating. Greetings from Holland Kathhy!

[@henrytay1706]

Kathy is marvelous! She presents it interestingly!

[@CrashChemistryAcademy]

Love your channel. Thanks so much for these videos.

[@tiborweil4033]

As far I know, Lenard was judged and condemned by the Trial of Nürnberg, but not executed only thanks to his advanced age.

[@ronaldbailey8310]

Just discovered your channel. Love it so. You are my Guru

[@daveedscottkorup]

Brilliant!!!

[@SumitYadav-mx8bp]

This is the one the most informative and interesting video I have ever seen :)

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

Thanks

[@KingAeetes]

Excellent presentation! I learned a lot.

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

So glad you liked it. This video was one of my most challenging.

[@ernestosaboia]

Fantastic video. Question. What did kill the Ether theory?

[@DanielinLaTuna]

Essentially, Michelson and Morley

[@ernestosaboia]

@@DanielinLaTuna yes, but it is hard to believe this is the only reason. Seems too precipitated, don't you think?

[@DanielinLaTuna]

Michaelson and Morley wanted so much to believe in aether. They did their experiments over and over, with greater and greater attention to details, precision, and accuracy. They eventually had to conclude aether didn’t exist.

[@hereigoagain5050]

Wow! That was dark history. Thanks for bringing the human element into physics.

[@janovewaldner1]

Hi Kathy, please make a video about Einstein's actual achievements and ideas, I mean, explain : - what parts of his theories were conceived by him and what parts were concepts already in the air of the science community. - what parts of his relativity theories were proved wrong later, if any. Or were they 100% accurate? - which of his ideas were still not accepted even after his fellows after being famous. - what ideas were believed to be truth in his times but were proven wrong after his death. - what was he working on at the time of his death. I know he's one of the greatest brains of all time and I want to be clear of what exactly were his contributions to science.

[@bigh8438]

Great video. I didn't know there was that much to the einstien/lenard beef.

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

It's funny, I was the other way, all I knew was the end of the Einstein/Lenard beef, I didn't know how Einstein was inspired by Lenard nor that Lenard was initially so inspiring to many before he turned to the dark side (so to speak).

[@bigh8438]

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics it's crazy what ego's can do to people. Look at max... Planck... He was great but then Leonard...

[@akshaysingh5469]

Wow Ma'am you are really Doing Great... Thank you... Lots of love from india 🇮🇳

[@dosomething3]

5:48 “ then Leonards… had little to do with roentgen “ so Leonard thought that he discovered that cathode rays can travel in the air. But really, it was not the cathode rays traveling in the air. Rather it was the x-rays. But Leonard still produced these x-rays unknowingly. That’s worth something. Without Leonards work, roentgen would not have made his discovery.

[@felipemonteiro5877]

Excelent material! I'm absolutely hooked!

[@Kathy_Loves_Physics]

Thanks

[@spencerpanes8748]

Wonderful video ❤️ this deserves more views and likes.