Nucleophilicity (Nucleophile Strength)

[@blueq4324]

I paid 1000 dollars for my orgo class, yet I learn way more from your FREE videos. Sir, when my career starts I will actively donate a percentage of my income to Khan Academy. This is a promise.

[@irynalebedyeva7900]

How did your career go?

[@blueq4324]

@@irynalebedyeva7900 starting medical school in 2 weeks, get back to me in 4 years :)

[@irynalebedyeva7900]

Blue Q how about you donate off your first paycheck? Gotta keep your promises as if they were worth something. You won’t be making a real buck anyways until after your residency.

[@ikwonswt]

how are you doing in med school?

[@blueq4324]

@@ikwonswt alhamdulillah it is going well!

[@TheTaylorSwiftFan221]

The people disliking this are the professors who want us to fail and are only there for our money....

[@johnhen7736]

EmHart loooooooool

[@faraaxguure967]

This video was confusing and I felt that he rambled way too much about protic vs aprotic. I was also expecting the factors that affect nucleophile strength to be similar to the ones for base strength (electronegativity, resonance, induction, atom size). I didn't understand anything from this video.

[@Chewbaccafruit]

It is because of you that I will pass organic chem

[@satadhi]

plz give him a noble prize.......

[@satadhi]

@@snehadipamukherjee6260 wow 5 years ago !! very cool

[@banurag2752]

@@satadhi its 10 years

[@bonbonpony]

It's Nobel prize, and I'm afraid that it's not being granted for teaching known stuff, but for making new breakthrough discoveries.

[@fleshcookie]

It is a true privilege to listen to Sal's lectures. He could give lectures at Harvard, Yale, or any of the highest caliber institutions, but instead he does it in a way for everyone to be able to see it.

[@kat-thee111]

I was sitting in lecture so confused with this topic, especially due to its effects in protic and aprotic solvents and this seriously made it make so much more sense. Seriously a life saver

[@whitegoldtwin02]

My chemistry teacher wouldn't be able to explain that so clearly.THX

[@uncannyoutrageous9798]

I was talking to the girl who sits behind me in class about these videos and I said my favorite is the guy who sounds like Markiplier and she knew who I was talking about.

[@bibo170]

Trying to get through the organic chem playlist in < a week is going to kill me.

[@poojanparikh7556]

You got your MCAT comin' up or what brah? Same boat

[@bibo170]

Yeah man, this shit is blowing my mind- I done the whole inorganic chem. playlist and just finished organic today.

[@Mae-nw6cv]

Nkb1991 6 years ago, how did it go? Are you a doctor now?

[@TONI__KROOS]

@@bibo170 are you working?

[@tazeenafreen3766]

11 years.. 🥺🥺❤

[@gracem9952]

Khan, you are King! I finally understand this!

[@pharaohgirgzz]

yo. Basically: SN1 Rate=K[Electrophile] SN2 Rate=K[Electrophile][Nucleophile] Thats from what I remember. Not sure if its 100% correct. SN1: tertiary>secondary, primary(no reaction) SN2: primary>secondary, tertiary(no reaction) Thats probably all you need to know. Both SN1 and SN2 are similar to E1 and E2. Yeah. Cool story bro! I know. Bye.

[@stavshmueli6932]

7:48 - I think "interacting" would be a more appropriate word than reacting here, since reacting sounds like the nucleophile reacts with the protic solvent and grabs its proton, which can lead to confusion. Interacting means that the nucleophile is being inhibited from being a good nucleophile since these interactions with the solvent prevent it from actually REACTING and taking a proton from it.

[@bonbonpony]

If the nucleophile is really strong, it actually _can_ react with the solvent instead of our electrophile. With aprotic solvents, it is less likely.

[@hariprakash4757]

Best video for learning about nucleophilicity.

[@desko1124]

11:31 sideways alien...chewing a piece of gum

[@goldensilverstar]

You need to do a video on nucleophiles and electrophyles

[@saramohamed.8403]

Thank you, Khan Academy ❤

[@pooja.l6861]

After 10 yrs☺️ thanks a lot sir!!

[@rawdonwaller]

Sssoooolllvent. Gotta love Khan.

[@s0m0c]

At 09:22 Sal might have meaned: "In this case, Oxygen is still more electronegative than the carbon"

[@TopGearrules]

Thanks!

[@DaGreat81]

dude!!!! youre so good at explaining this shit!! i pay 30 grand a year here at UCSD and my professors suck when you tutor for free and youre alot better than them!

[@ApurvaPopat]

please get him a noble prize ...:-)

[@daras07]

A very good video.. glad that I could help with contributing to your academy..

[@مِسكيم]

I can't thank you enough

[@fangw8323]

thank you so much!

[@Gross126]

Nucleophilicity increases going down and to the left.

[@cognitivedissonance7422]

helpful as ever.

[@hamidurrahman4310]

thanks a lot.

[@10thclassRahul]

Great 👍

[@Gtajora]

@junior1984able In a nutshell, SN1 occurs in tertiary carbons (possibly secondary, but it's rare) and it forms an intermediate carbocation. The rate determining step for SN1 is based on the stability of the substrate (Carbocation). In contrast, SN2 occurs mainly in methyl, primary, and secondary (slowly) carbons due to steric hindrance (which Sal explained quite well). SN2 also does not form an intermediate carbocation like SN1 reactions. Bro, watch the other vids for indepth understanding.

[@chimiconato1048]

I love your videos

[@dayeongE]

Thanks a lot !! :)

[@curtpiazza1688]

Excellent! 😂🎉

[@dyepribudoy]

"The Floride"

[@satadhi]

omg what a spell bounding explanation

[@mangoface7914]

Uhm...i didnt understand which one is more stable while forming bond in an aprotic solvent- fluoride or iodide?

[@AdmMusicc]

I have a doubt. If there is more charge on a molecule, wont it have more ability to lose the extra electron since it has more electrons? Also, F- in this video, they said H+ reacts with F-, later quoting "F- does not react much bcz H2O surrounds it". Well, it is reacting with H2O? Nucleophiles are proton loving species. Please correct me where I went wrong.

[@akhil-ng5yj]

ChaoS Adm fluorine has more strength in holding its electrons, in comparison to Bromine. This is due to the electeon shielding effect i.e the inner electrons not allowing the nucleus to hold the outer electrons. Therefore the bromine can give away its electrons better than flurine.

[@IceIvee]

so if i were to compare NH3 and H2O in a protic polar solvent then whichever is the weakest base wins? so NH3 is a weaker base and H2O - NH3> H2O? Or do i look at them by their size?

[@venomxheart]

I'm a little confused on the suffixes. For instance, what are the differences between fluoride, fluorine, fluorite, and so on?

[@bonbonpony]

If after those 11 years you're still wondering (or for other people wondering about the same thing): Fluorine is the name of the element, in which atoms are neutral. Fluoride is a negatively-charged ion (anion) due to having an extra electron. In an F₂ molecule, two fluorine atoms are bonded with a single bond in which they share one of their electrons (out of 7 valence electrons that they have in their outermost shell), which makes them think that they both have a full octet, but they're still neutral. Meanwhile, fluoride ion is single and negatively charged, because it is surrounded by 4 lone pairs of electrons. Beside its usual 7 valence electrons in its outermost shell, it has one extra electron that contributes to this negative charge. Same thing applies for the nitrile group R-C≡N: which is neutral, versus the cyanide ion that has a negative charge on the carbon: ⊖C≡N Fluorite is a mineral form of calcium fluorite, CaF₂, which is an ionic compound made of Ca⊕⊕ cations whose two positive charges are balanced by two fluoride anions ⊖F each, in a crystalline grid.

[@tag_of_frank]

But all halides are strong nucleophiles right?

[@simthandetv9851]

Nope. Nucleophilicity increases as you go down the group. F is a weaker nucleophile because it has the highest electronegativity and therefore clings to its electrons more. Iodine is the strongest nucleophile because it has the smaller electronegativity and therefore gives away an electron pair easily.

[@plasmada263]

@@simthandetv9851 so ur saying F is an electroplile ryt

[@sarahcp13]

what about for nucleophile strength of atoms that arent F Cl Br or I ????

[@SaintBladezPlays]

Group 7 elements are the only elements you really need to understand to use the concept of nucleophile strength/electronegativity. In an exam you'll get the paulin scale which will tell you all of the strengths of each element but most of them ain't relevant to A level students doing chemistry.

[@nihayaturrohmah4230]

#32

[@bonsairobo]

Is the I + CH4 reaction in a protic solvent really that plausible? I thought you would need a tertiary or secondary carbon for SN1 reactions.

[@lapinata853]

You should charge Sal. I would really pay you per lesson. You'd be a billionaire

[@shannonduncan7579]

I love you. Marry me to help me pass all of my classes

[@BrianErwin]

this is pretty bad. just a bunch of unorganized facts. need to start like jay does in the more updated videos, with a clear definition typed out of the terms protic and aprotic. on the khan ochem site, Sn2 doesn't even get mentioned until four videos after this one, but sal throws it out there at 8:04

[@junior1984able]

WHATS THE DFFERENCE BETWWEN THE SN1 AN SN2 REACTION, HOW IS IT THATIN SN2 2 REACTORS ARE NEEDED??ANY ONE

[@irynalebedyeva7900]

Oh dear

[@manyashukla7847]

I still did not get it :(

[@junior1984able]

@Gtajora you could answer me >LOL unles you dont know yourselff huhahahahaha

[@shuyanliu9327]

Repeating himself a lot while not making concepts clear

[@lazomaniac]

who the hell downvoted this