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"Kimigayo" (君が代; "His Imperial Majesty's Reign") is the national anthem of Japan. The lyrics of "Kimigayo" are likely the oldest among the world's national anthems, and with a length of 32 characters, they are also the world's shortest. The lyrics are from a waka poem written by an unnamed author in the Heian period (794-1185), and the current melody was chosen in 1880, replacing an unpopular melody composed by John William Fenton eleven years earlier. Its length of 11 measures is currently among the world's shortest. While the title "Kimigayo" is usually translated as "His Imperial Majesty's Reign", no official translation of the title or lyrics has been established in law.
From 1888 to 1945, "Kimigayo" served as the national anthem of the Empire of Japan. When the Empire was dissolved following its surrender at the end of World War II, the State of Japan succeeded it in 1945. This successor state was a parliamentary democracy, and the polity therefore changed from a system based on imperial sovereignty to one based on popular sovereignty. However, the U.S. occupation forces allowed Emperor Hirohito to retain the throne and "Kimigayo" remained the de facto national anthem. The passage of the Act on National Flag and Anthem in 1999 recognized it as the official national and imperial anthem.
Official lyrics (Kanji):
君が代は
千代に八千代に
細石の
巌と成りて
苔の生す迄
Official lyrics (Hiragana):
きみがよは
ちよにやちよに
さざれいしの
いわおとなりて
こけのむすまで
Official lyrics (Romanized):
Kimigayo wa
Chiyo ni yachiyo ni
Sazare-ishi no
Iwao to narite
English Translation:
May your reign
Continue for a thousand, eight thousand generations,
Until the tiny pebbles
Grow into massive boulders
Lush with moss