Cold Weather Layering like US Special Forces | The Protective Combat Uniform

This is a comprehensive visual guide for the Protective Combat Uniform (PCU) (as well as the ECWCS Gen III) cold weather layering system. Here you will learn how to develop and use your cold weather system according to US Special Forces doctrine.
Commercial technical garments tend to run for premium prices and can be restrictive to those seeking to enter the world of cold weather technical activities. Military surplus, such as the ECWCS Gen III and PCU garments, are an excellent choice for a cost effective and high quality suite of cold weather layers. All of the ECWCS and PCU “levels” can be found on most surplus sites and are all over eBay.
This video also aims to showcase some of the cooler, more elusive garments of the PCU system.
Featured Garments:
-Level 1 Base layers - Halys PCU Block 1
-Level 2 - ECWCS Gen III Waffle layers
-Level 3 - Halys PCU Block 1 Fleece jacket
-"Level 4" - Arktis Stowaway Windshirt
-Level 5 - Patagonia PCU Block 1 Softshells
-Level 6 - Patagonia PCU Block 1 Goretex
- Level 7 - Halys PCU Block 1 High loft vest, Halys PCU Block 0 Type 1 High loft Jacket + Block 1 pants, and Halys PCU Block 1 Type 2 “Monster” Parka
For more information on the PCU System, check out Soldier Systems, ITS Tactical, The Full 9, and Ontario Geardo on the web.
For more references about cold weather effectiveness check out the channel “GruntProof” / @gruntproof . He has a lot a great videos on this very topic and covers many of its other facets.
And feel free to drop your favorite videos and channels in the comments you think may be useful to those who are getting into cold weather hobbies, sports, etc.

[@KitCreep]

Next video is in the works and will continue our surplus cold weather effectiveness journey. Make sure you subscribe and stay tuned.

[@PRIMAL_HUNTER1988]

Imagine getting killed in the field with all this expensive protective combat uniform someone will get free loot

[@KitCreep]

@@PRIMAL_HUNTER1988 Yes, nice gear doesn’t make you invulnerable.

[@FullTimeHypocrite]

solid video bro

[@derogan_pb1617]

​@@PRIMAL_HUNTER1988that's why you should always wear a helmet

[@aesthetic8289]

@@KitCreepwhat’s the song in the background?

[@austinsmith8899]

Interior alaska here. Use PCU/ecwcs 7 months out of the year. 1. Always wear no matter what 2. Add when active when temps are 15 to -20 3. Add when active when temps are -20 to -40 4. Never wear, not worth the weight (use a Patagonia Houdini in summer) 5. Always wear 6. Not really applicable unless summer 7. Mainly just the top always when I’m static and slowly working. I’m military but most of my use is as a civilian running a trapline (ski, snowshoe, snow machine) I’ve found it’s easiest to just have a mid layer adjusted for the temp/activity and throw my 7parka on when I’m static or slow. *Arctic pro tips* Arctic necklace- 550 cord, chapstick, lighter, knife. Carry a spare waffle top/bottom for sleep/ emergency Boiled water into nalgene and put it in parka or sleeping bag between your legs Get OR camp booties Thin cap active/ fur hat static Mukluks- replace the liner with Steiger 9mm wool/felt liner and good darn tough socks. Use level 7 top as a garbage bag around your legs in your sleeping bag Carry a soft canteen on a cord inside your layers. Drink a little and add snow. Let your heat melt it. Adding a vapor barrier to feet can increase warmth and preserve insulation if your out for a bit. Gortex boots cause frostbite. I don’t like gloves or boots were I can’t remove the insulation and dry out. Check out the nato and Norwegian cold weather manuals.

[@KitCreep]

These are all great tips. I love seeing how individuals adapt the system based on their own experiences, needs and applications. I especially enjoy learning how those who actually live in these climates do it since they'll have far more experience than those who have to travel there. I've heard some say they'd never take cold weather advice from an Alaskan (probably because you've been acclimatized), but acclimatization doesn't stop the body from dropping below 95ºF if you don't know what you're doing. We have a lot to learn from you guys. Especially the chapstick necklace thing. Definitely keeping that one. I hate losing those in one of my pockets in one of my many layers somewhere. Also, I'll definitely be looking different countries' cold weather systems. I've got some shooting mittens from a couple different countries but comparing whole systems from other nations would be a great idea. Especially those around the arctic circle. The Norwegians already taught me about the magic of wool mesh. I'd like to see what else they got.

[@MARKSMAN108]

Why no level 4 windshirt mien weighs nothing and I love it

[@christiantrapani6145]

Yeah I use a lot of that stuff in the Adirondack high peaks. Best boots I've used so far are the usgi intermediate cold wet boots- they're goretex boots with removable liners. Totally recommend

[@jay-by1se]

This is perfect advice.

[@Exarach]

Mint fucking info. Thanks bro!

[@gavinstuart6704]

I did cold weather survival course in norway whilst i was in the military taught by royal marine mountain leaders. And they said that its actually easier to operate in super cold conditions instead of a place like scotland where its cold but also very wet an slushy. The temperatures in norway is so cold that it keeps the snow "dry and fluffy" and doesnt soak into your kit, and leaves most of your kit dry to. Where as scotland your just soaked to the bone with the wind chill hitting you its miserable.

[@KitCreep]

It really is crazy how that works. Kinda like how 120ºF in the desert is manageable but 120º with high humidity certain death. I'll take I'll take a tundra over a jungle every time. Also, it's no wonder they wear so much wool in Scotland. There aren't many other materials that can deal with those kinds of conditions as well.

[@Yukimaru0]

I have worked outside quite a bit too and honestly I'll take really cold and dry over barely cold but wet any day.

[@christianwilson5956]

Cold dry is the easiest to operate in for sure. Wet is insufferable even if it's mild.

[@pepedrago9849]

Us finns has known this importance of layers forever. And we learn it early on as kids. One of the reasons we managed so well in the winter war which had one of the coldest winters of the century.

[@KitCreep]

Most Americans will never know cold the way you guys do. We merely adopted the cold. The Finns were born in it, molded by it...

[@pepedrago9849]

​@@KitCreep Yeah, actually in suburbs and country side finnish mothers often leaves their babies outside to sleep in -20 degrees celsius and it's perfectly fine. Foreigners finds that always shocking.😂

[@KorianHUN]

Here in Hungary the coldest weather was just an extra layer under my regular pants. I used to own a pair of cold weather pants but didn't really need it. Sometimes maybe some thicker boots would have been nice but that is it. The cold was fine, but strong dry winds were the bad part. I already know if i even visit Northern Europe i will have to budget for cold weather clothes too.

[@catedoge3206]

@@KitCreep Bane

[@angelo08280]

@@KitCreep underrated

[@picturemaker]

I'm from the west highlands of Scotland and much prefer wool out on the mountains. A good set up for rough weather I find is good boots with two pairs of socks, one thin merino and one thick wool. A heavy weight wool kilt. lets the air flow but keeps you warm. Two merino wool long sleeves, a wool fisherman's jumper and a wool over coat. A peacoat is good for ease of movement. A good fur trapper hat is the only kind of hat i've ever found works properly in Scotland when it gets really wild. Then a poncho for rain protection. Waxed cotton or rubber. Ponchos are good as they let a lot of air flow and keep rain away from your upper and lower. After a good trek with all that even in the worst conditions you will be cosy, dry and fresh.

[@BigBluenoser]

Nova Scotian here. Agreed to the kilt in outdoors conditions. Both warm and breezy.

[@odysseustdm7573]

Above anything else I really enjoyed the positive mindset making you conclude by saying that there aren’t any bugs. It makes it even more pleasant to watch and actually makes me want to try

[@KitCreep]

I’m so happy you felt that way! The snow and the cold is something to be played in. Not feared.

[@darkenergy7904]

As a high school cross country ski racer, I think this is a great guide, however it’s totally possible to do stuff in basically two layers of long underwear as long as you have decent gloves and don’t stop moving. Once you do you die. This kit kinda shocked me in how much you wear for activities until I realized the military isn’t racing, and has a slower pace over longer time

[@maxwellclark6756]

ok you're in HS XC not the fuckin military bud

[@reallyhappenings5597]

Agreed, even at 45 as long as I'm running with gloves I can wear anything. That's not realistic (or safe) for wilderness though. An unexpected winter injury could slow you way down, perilously so.

[@darkenergy7904]

@@reallyhappenings5597 That’s an excellent point, and one I hadn’t considered before

[@darkenergy7904]

@@maxwellclark6756 did you read my whole comment? I never said I knew it all, and I said my experience was limited to a different form of being outdoors in cold weather

[@brucewebster3416]

When I graduated (over 40 years ago) as an Environmental Engineer my first job included snow surveys, ice surveys and building remote mountain weather stations. Out motto then was Clothing is Equipment. This a wonderful video. Well done.Today I spend a lot of time in the Canadian outdoors all year long and am constantly experimenting with the latest outdoor gear. Keep up the great work and I look forward to your opinion on footwear and other accessories.

[@KitCreep]

Thank you so much! I agree with that. Each of these layers are another tool in the toolbox. And that sounds like an amazing first job. I'd love to have the opportunity to go somewhere like that in the future. And yes, definitely stay tuned for hand and footwear systems I've been working on. Thanks again!

[@rooknado]

An INCREDIBLY comprehensive guide you have put together. Wish they showed this to everyone way back when. The way they framed it was such a hassle, this is as easy as it gets!

[@vikingnomad00]

This was a great video.. Time to really dive into this from socks, gloves, mittens, boots, hats... We need a full kit list from your perspective

[@ianmurray4081]

Awesome video. East coast Canada reporting in…. I used the level 7 pants and mutant parka while pulling static duty. Toasty warm @ -40 to -50’c for 8 hours of night duty. For other layers, I used minus 33 ( brand name) wool socks, leggings and zipper hoodie. Winter tip: turn canteens or water bottles upside down. The ice will form at the “ new top” and leave the drinking end ice free. Or, what I prefer, a camelback under my layers but above my base layer…..body warmth will help keep the water warm….. I have sensitive teeth 🦷 and it kinda boosts morale to have something warm hitting the system at those temperatures. Cheers 🍻, take care and stay frosty ☃️. Looking forward to exploring your channel.🫵🤟🇨🇦🫡🇺🇸🫵🤟

[@KitCreep]

Level 7 is definitely a fan favorite. And for the right reasons. And YES. The upside down canteen trick is great. I just learned about that one this year. If you look closely you may be able to see my canteen is upside down in a non insulated on my ruck’s waist belt. Can confirm that this is a great way to store water externally so I don’t have to dig in my ruck.

[@c14davidhopkins]

Great video. Especially filming in all the actual conditions, that must have taken a while. Potential future topics: -How to pack cold weather clothing as minimally as possible for an assault/raid while still maintaining enough to deal with contingencies. -Skis vs Snowshoes vs Boots w/Gators, when to pick one over the other for tactical, survival, backcountry situations in various terrain. -Keeping hands and feet warm. Over boots, muckluks, mittens, liner gloves, dexterity vs warmth, electric gloves, chemical handwarmers, etc.

[@KitCreep]

Thank you. Ya it took a few months of waiting for the right conditions to film. I felt like it’d be more appealing than doing a table top review in a makeshift studio. And I agree. Those topics all deserve their own separate videos. I think discussing the addition of combat gear into the mix would be interesting. Body armor and combat loads really throws a wrench into things.

[@c14davidhopkins]

@@KitCreep great work overall though. That was a really ambitious first video.

[@RahulDevanarayanan]

In general, I think the Army lags a bit behind civilian mountaineers for methodology, weight, and technology. I've lived in the PNW most of my life, and I spend a lot of time doing long treks in the mountains in summer and winter, both day-use and overnight. Here are some tips I would add: Pure down/puff is the best warmth/weight and warmth/volume ratio you will get. For a puff jacket, I would highly recommend the Decathlon Trek. It's similar weight/pack factor/insulation as the mountain hardware ghost whisperer, so it's one of the best ultralight down jackets on the market. Where it really shines, however, is that it's 1/4 the price of the GW, at only 80$ for a 0F rated puffer. I run very hot while active, and about average while static, and for me the key to staying warm is to wick moisture away quickly while static. So I use a cooling, wicking base layer and a thin, warm, and loose synthetic layer for warmth down to 15F if active and there's no precip. Smartwool is great but frankly the $10 32Heat/Cool from costco works great for my uppers. If there is precip or bad wind chill, I'll wear a shell and potentially open vents. I'll also wear the shell from 15F to -5F if active. GTX is 100% overrated and there's plenty of research to show it is never both waterproof and breathable at the same time. The exception is if you apply a good layer of dwr frequently, at which point you could use almost any other shell material. FortNine recently put out a great video on this oriented towards motorcycle gear, but the point extends to all categories. I would recommend just finding any other number of other, cheaper ePE or PU shells and just spray on a DWR coating occasionally. You can save anything from $100 to $600 doing that. The REI Rainier is a great mid level jacket and only costs $100 new (90$ with the member discount), about 80$ cheaper than the patagonia torrentshell. If static below 30 or active below -5, I'll throw on the trek. The shell does a good job of protecting the trek from precip. I similarly like to layer my head (including ears!), hands, and feet protection. I think the latter two are arguably more important if you're active than even core layers since blood flow to your extremities is often much worse. Finally, carrying a lot of gear in the mountains sucks. Pack light and minimize the number of layers you need to carry. Going all synthetic except your puffer (which should be down, not synthetic) makes a huge difference. And plan your layers around your expected route with some tolerance for contingency. For instance, if I'm going ski touring with a low of 10F, I'm rocking a wicking layer, thermal layer, and only if it's windy, the shell. For my lower, I'll just use my uninsulated ski overalls and 32Heat base layer. On that kind of trip, I don't plan on ever being static for long periods, because I'm either going up, or I'm going down. I'll roll and pack my puffer in my pack, but I should never need to bust it out.

[@untermench3502]

Homeless people have been using that technique for decades, just not as much bling.

[@KitCreep]

Experience is our best teacher.

[@mnihs3314]

actually what homeless people are doing is exactly what “being tactical” means

[@jonathana.1802]

they’re probably veterans to :(

[@untermench3502]

@@jonathana.1802 It's funny seeing commercals about the ony hoodie you will ever need and that layering is so passe. They miss the whole point of layering. Once you take off that super warm hoodie with little underneath, you will freeze your azz off.

[@untermench3502]

@@jonathana.1802 I'm a disabled veteran and did several years homeless.

[@b_ks]

I'm writing from late October '23. I'll be using your vid immediately to guide my purchasing choices assembling a cold weather clothing kit. All hail the algorithm.

[@user-sp9ue1ws7c]

Grew up backcountry skiing. All I ever wore was sweatpants under shell pants, random tube socks in my boots, and a light sweatshirt under a shell. Never got cold ever. Used bag balm on my face and wore a beanie and was good up to -10F. It’s really just the wind that kills. And if you sweat it’s over, don’t overdress. The sweat will freeze once you rest and you will get cold quickly. The thick socks are nice when you’re chilling but your feet can get pretty sweaty in them if you are trekking hard. You should dress light and make sure to have an extra layer and space blanket in your pack

[@JW-jc4vi]

I have been using a layering system which keeps me comfortable but not necessarily dry for years. I have used kit such as Paramo, buffalo for many years. I tend to overlayed when I stop rather than taking off outer layers. When I get going I remove the outer insulating layer. One key I use is to start cool when I start exercising. I like garments I can ventilate on the go - put zips etc rather than having to stop and remove layers. Other kit I have is Rab Vapour Rise. I live in the UK. I use wind shirts which I find really good. When sking in Norway (-12) I wore two layers. Base layer and a Paramo smock ( Aspira). I add overlayers when I stopped.

[@Jedwoods]

5:10 - the reason the guide calls for the windshirt under the goretex is because of Twight's 'action suit' philosophy - your base windproof layers never come off, you just pull additional stuff over the top. The moment you took off that windshirt, you dumped a load of heat that you'd want to hold onto for the coming static period. Sincerely, a Scottish mountaineer 😅

[@KitCreep]

I've never heard of the concept of the action suit, but that's really good to know. It looks like he also calls it his "alpine uniform". It makes a lot of sense for an alpinist to develop their own standardized "uniform" much like how the military does. And then the US military goes and adopts the mountaineers' uniform to become part of THEIR standard uniform. I love seeing where the military and professional outdoorsmen cross paths. We have a lot to learn from each other. Thank you so much for your insight! Definitely going to look into this concept more. p.s. thank you for the PCU system😉You guys really are good at what you do.

[@Jedwoods]

@@KitCreep ah, yeah, my mistake. 'action suit' as a term comes from Andy Kirkpatrick - similarly bonkers in terms of climbing, equally good on kit and layering. I'll look for more of your videos

[@ewoksalot]

PacNW hiker/backpcker here. Two best take aways: 1) You WILL get wet. Even if you fond something that is actually 100% "waterproof", it will simply lock moisture from your sweat inside. You WILL get wet. 2) Everybody's body operates differently - you have to get out there and try new systems and find what works for you. Personally I can hike in what other people consider extreme cold in shorts, t shirt, and gloves. But I can't do much of anything above 85* when everyone else is LOVING it. No matter what - we avoid cotton (jeans, t-shirts, etc) like the plague. That shit will kill you.

[@KitCreep]

Acclimation is real. Same reason I’m in shorts when it’s 60° in March but wear a coat when it’s 60° in September. And yup cotton kills.

[@mattimatkalainen]

@@KitCreep "Cotton kills." Well that depends. In our winter when it is cold and dry a windproof cottonshell is super. Keeps wind out and let moisture easily out. Like the swedish army ski parka.

[@mountaineer5596]

“you are going to get wet”, that statement is so very true. Finally some truth in dressing for the outdoors. As soon as I read something written by a supposed expert on the outdoors that states that “you must stay dry”, or “if you get wet you die”, I stop reading and that “expert” losses all credibility with me. When I am working hard I am always wet with sweat. When it is raining for hours or days on end I am wet. You need clothing that dries quickly, that still retains some dead air when wet, and that slows evaporative heat loss. Thanks for a good video.

[@Captain-Donut]

Brilliant piece of content 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 love from Scotland 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿

[@KitCreep]

Thank you for the PCU 😉

[@u_l_r_i_c]

Fantastic video! As a french "chasseur alpin" (mountain warfare infantry) i couldn't agree more. You said everything that needed to be said. We have this kind of instructions in the french mountain troops but this is not as good as you explain it 👌🏻 You have a new subscriber now and if you allow me I'll be glad to use your content as a support for my futur lessons that I give to young recruits about clod layering ! Cheers from France 🇨🇵

[@KitCreep]

Thank you! I’m glad that you thought I explained it so well from your professional perspective. I did my best to make sure this could help anyone learn to layer, including new recruits.

[@alexsmart5452]

7e Varces-Allières-et-Risset?

[@u_l_r_i_c]

@@alexsmart5452 absolument 👍🏻

[@Ken-0311]

Most detailed description of the PCU system on YT, great video. Subscribed

[@KitCreep]

Thank you! Glad you enjoyed.

[@degen2789]

Video so good I had to come back months later to use it in my studies while I design my own protective system for my less active civilian life lol. Great advice that anyone can adapt into their daily life. Looking forward to more from you!

[@KitCreep]

Thank you! Glad I could help. New video on rain layers is coming out next week. Hopefully that can help influence your decisions.

[@urbanmonk-yh4tz]

deep winter camping seems very attractive, after the 'no bugs' statement

[@KitCreep]

Ya the bugs are coming back out now and I did not miss them.

[@OGbrick420]

in the hills of appalachia we would often see 3 feet or more of snow at a time in the 80's. i remember layering up and then having the snowsuit for the outer shell. miss those days!

[@LIBERTYCAP2612]

I love the waffle fleeces

[@raftguy1376]

This is my exact system i use for everything from rain, whitewater rafting, backpacking, and snow camping up in the mountains. Cool to see the military has the same idea.

[@AlexanderMason1]

You definitely don’t want to put your waterproof/windproof Gore-Tex layer underneath your insulating jacket/Parka. Your waterproof/windproof layer it’s supposed to be put on last. But what can you expect from the military.

[@Krytech420]

Goretex should always be on the outside agreed, or the second to outside layer If winter Camo worn above

[@KitCreep]

Even though the goretex/waterproof layer is labeled “level 6” does not mean it needs to go under the level 7. It’s definitely confusing and I plan to touch on that in a later video. The level 6 is actually oversized to be able to fit over the level 7.

[@KitCreep]

@@Krytech420 waterproof over whites are a very good idea

[@susannewilliams]

Actually, there are many circumstances where it makes total sense to put thin goretex under the durable outer layer. Outer layer gets wet, and muddy. So what? Goretex pores are not clogged with mud and whatever else, and goretex is protected from tears, and other damage from the rather rough terrain these people work in. Try it. THIN goretex under a fatigue shirt. Many hunters/ wilderness guides do this also, especially in muddy tangling scrub. In fact, just check out the hunting gear that is felted wool with a thin goretex liner….

[@KitCreep]

@@susannewilliams protecting fragile technical layers is a great idea. The first scenario shows a dwr treated wind shirt being protected by a field blouse. Doing the same for a goretex membrane to keep it clean and breathable makes a lot of sense. Breathability will be reduced with each layer or treatment you add to the system, however. Every method has its pros, cons, and depends heavily on the situation. Knowing when or where to apply a method is the real test.

[@SLAYS863]

Guys thanks for sharing! that said you dont need a special force system to keep you protectec....problem is that most people just dont understand thr normal layering system which is total possiple with civil clothes whitout looking like a soldier on the hunt! is way more comfy too!

[@KitCreep]

Agreed. Companies and systems that label their garments according to the 7 level system certainly make it easier. However, surplus is generally cheaper than brand new commercial stuff

[@newdefsys]

Good point on the 'you're going to get wet' because thats a fact.

[@KitCreep]

It's either coming from the inside or the outside. Just gotta know how to deal with it.

[@Pompomgrenade]

Go out there and s***** conditions and learn... That's a good stopping point And it applies to everything 👍thx

[@rikwarren3999]

Great show! The coldest I've experienced was 3 degrees F at the Ice Water Springs shelter on the eastern shoulder of Mt LeConte, NC. Ice rime on the branches 2 " thick. Winter camping focuses the mind. All external concerns are replaced my your immediate thoughts and actions. Wonderful meditation. Walking off the mountain and into the parking lot in a swirling blizzard was exhilarating.

[@SteveJohnSteele]

I have been camping in the snow a few times. Not in the extreme temperatures mentioned in the video. Base layer = long sleeve top and long-johns Fleece layer = top and bottoms (as needed) Wind and rain layer = water proof top and bottoms I take a change of base layer and sleep in that, then wear that the next day. This gives me a chance to wash and dry out (freeze dry) the base layer. When dry its either packed away in bag or stored inside jacket to keep warm. *freeze drying: In below freezing temperatures water will form into ice. Snow will also absorb water. Once the water on wet items has frozen a good shake and they are dry.

[@videogamesare1]

Watching this to prep for a move to the Midwest. Great info.

[@ShaunsJeep]

Great video and you right about the no bugs part but also no bears.

[@KitCreep]

Luckily the bears around me are more scared of us.

[@ericb.4358]

One more observation from a former Nordic Ski PAtrollerand US Army ROTC Cadet winter survival instructor. I have tested two good brands of DWR treated down garments and loose DWR treated down from a 3rd supplier. ->ALL of these have been excellent at passing body moisture to the outer layer shell in all cases except my -30 F. down expedition parka, which in temperatures below -10 F. needs no shell layer.. ->My -20 F. down winter bag has DWR teated down but still needs a light polyester "flannel" cover to hold the frozen body moisture. ->This light cover holds about 90% of the night's perspiration and when removed the frost can be shaken off as the fabric does not absorb the moisture.

[@ArmyHumveeLaat]

a really good and straight-to-point vid, thank you

[@cd7up]

Great guide. Lots of new things I've learned, and I'm a lifelong AlaskanA

[@annaaron3510]

Excellent,,,well done. GoreTex is the sliced bread of protective gear. But not in salt water environments. We always teach to stay dry in extreme cold. Your PCU layers seems to solve that. THX!

[@mahbuddykeith1124]

Very good overview! I sent it to my friend, who freakin' froze in Prince George earlier this month.

[@KitCreep]

Thank you! Hope it’ll help him out!

[@goodredman]

By far the most succinct and useful video I’ve come across to date on the subject matter. Highly appreciate you for putting this out.

[@KitCreep]

I’m glad you found this video helpful. Ya I thought it was really strange how such a popular system had so little content on KZbin about it. And I know that I’m a visual learner so I figured others would appreciate something like this.

[@Chris_at_Home]

I worked in the Arctic over 30 years and was never cold with the gear I used. One job I had we would do tower work in the dead of winter on Alaska’s north slope. If it is real cold water isn’t a problem. In real cold temperatures ditch the GoreTex and let you layers breath except for a breathable wind suit on the outside.

[@user-wh4wc5jf1r]

I was in the Canadian army for 10 years and have spent time in the field with temps as low as -55c. If you sleep in your clothing rather than stripping to your underwear and getting in a sleeping bag then you have put yourself at risk of sweat, and therefor death. Moisture in extreme cold is your greatest enemy, if it finds you it will kill you and it will ensure you suffer while its happening.

[@MrKongatthegates]

I grew up in a semi arctic environment, Then I moved, I kind of miss it, crazy as that is. Feels powerful to tromp around in minus 40

[@JessicaJaber-jj7ij]

Definitely love how easy this is to follow

[@KitCreep]

Thank you! I wanted this to be as comprehensive as possible.

[@whistlercayman844]

Great info. on a difficult, but enjoyable situation/challenge.....

[@rjtwocircles]

Nice! That’s a good overview of the PCU. Thanks for taking time to put all of that together. You went down through the octagonal wheel by temperature to compare clothing levels horizontally for active versus static missions. A complementary way gives further insight into the system by dividing the wheel left and right to compare all the static missions at the different temperatures and the same for the active missions. What this shows is that the system for static missions is pretty standard layering for retaining warmth. Each level, except L7, is a single layer that you add by planned or encountered conditions. The active missions side is very different. The whole right side relies on the “cook yourself dry using your body heat” philosophy espoused by Mark Twight. As you mentioned, exertion causes sweat, so you will get wet. The idea is for your clothes to dry quickly from the inside out to regain their protective properties. The L5 Soft Shell is "the heart and soul" of the system, as you said, because it is “breathable" and encourages the base and inner thermal layers to wick away moisture and dry quickly reforming warm air pockets next to the skin. Twight calls this combination (L1 or L2, and L5) the “Action Suit.” This was to be used in conjunction with the “Belay Jacket and Side-zip Overpants” (L7) during periods of prolonged inactivity, like belaying or glassing. Any wind resistance or water resistance of Level 5 is a bonus as long as it does not interfere with breathability. Most, but not all, commercial products called Softshells are too thick or too insulated to breathe this well. I think the least understood is Level 4, the wind shirt. At least, I had misconceptions until I read Twight’s Extreme Alpinism, and there he only explains the principle. PCU manufacturers are also all over the place in what they made for L4, so I’m not sure they understood it either. Assuming you are active and sweating using L5, wind increases evaporative cooling to uncomfortable or unsafe levels. The thin, but tightly woven, wind shirt is less air permeable than L5, but not windproof, so it reduces evaporative cooling, ideally to normal rates. If you’re prepared for constant windy conditions, you can wear L4 under L5, as if it were the liner of your soft shell, but if winds suddenly arise, you can throw it over your L5. A lot of PCU users think L4 Is not windproof enough. Instead, they like to throw on L6 in cold, windy conditions. The Gore-Tex is even less permeable. It's not an intended use of the level, but it can be an effective wind block, if the user is not very active and is not prone to sweat heavily. If you sweat out using L6 in cold, windy, non-rainy conditions, it may be better to use something else. Experiment with L4 and L7 instead. The amount of changing that you demonstrate to show the different levels might lead those watching to think that is the way to use the system. It can be, but the PCU was designed to be “stackable." That is, you should only have to put on the next level or take off the last level. You should not have to take off one level to put on a different one, or especially, take off an outer layer to remove or put on an inner layer. But, instructions make it clear to use the system the way that works best for you.

[@EVR1AL]

L5 looks like more dense abrasive resistant L4 made with only purpose for plate carrier and mags with grenade pouches and rifle. So that's only army specific layer. Hence the action suit name. And that dense fabric only breathes with pit zips.

[@rjtwocircles]

That’s an interesting observation. I don’t know if the ECWCS Gen III copied the general idea of the PCU, or if they were able to duplicate its designed function on all levels. I’ve always thought it was the latter. For that matter, there have been changes in PCU over time. I’m not sure that PCU manufacturers haven't met specs but drifted from the original function with the different iterations. The nature of clothing in general is a set of competing tradeoffs, so everything is always a compromise. This is especially so in military contracts. Taken as a whole, the PCU is a good layering system for static missions. It could be a little warmer with fleece or low-loft pants added to L3. The unique feature of PCU is the active missions paradigm shift from staying warm to drying quickly. That was the core of Mark Twight’s contribution embodied in the lightweight “action suit”, of which the shell was key, for moving fast that he and others had developed for climbing and that personnel at Natick adopted. The acid test for an L5 is soaking it and L1 or L2 or both, either from the inside with sweat or with water from the outside, then humping it a few miles. The inside should dry and be only cool, or even warm, within a mile or two. The L5 may have frost or even icicles on the surface, but the fabric itself should not be frozen or wet. For an L5 alternative, I have sourced the Hill People Gear, Wind Cheater. First Spear makes this and it’s own Wind Cheater using Cordura Ambush 330D Nylon rather than Nextec’s EPIC nylon used by PCU. HPG and FS have different pocket arrangements and the HPG version as a roomier fit for layering. Twight was also using commercial brands before he got involved with PCU, so someone may be making a good shell. Twight’s specs were uncoated fabric, unlined, mesh pocket liners, thin but durable enough for hard use, wind resistant, no laminates. Products with DWR still seem to be effective.

[@EVR1AL]

@@rjtwocircles yeah it's funny to analyze and educate yourself on fabrics and lofted hybrid and synthetic insulation and weight to comfort ratio. Tightly woven but thin 7d fabric may be a better wind blocker than loose woven and dense 300d fabric. You only know after weeks and months in the field. For 2003 this system was top of the game.

[@KitCreep]

Thank you for such an informative comment! It was definitely difficult to demonstrate all of the layering theory while keeping it short and sweet. I didn’t want to make it too confusing so I tried to keep the midlayers as midlayers and the shells as outer layers. I plan on doing a deep dive into all layers and they’re use cases. Especially level 4. I agree the level 4 is very misunderstood and I’ve done a lot more research into the action suit since I made this video. It’s such a versatile piece of kit. Mark Twight is genius.

[@rjtwocircles]

@@KitCreep Don’t get me wrong. I thought the video was great and of an appropriate pace and length. I thought the way you presented comparing what you wear when you are active vs static at each temperature was informative. It's just also informative to see how the layering changes for each mode as the weather dries out and gets colder or warmer. That’s why the information is presented in a wheel; you can look at it both ways. That could be part of a second video. After I wrote that Level 4 was the "most misunderstood level," I realized that may primarily apply to me. I really didn’t get it for a while. I thought it was just a windbreaker or wind block, then I thought it might just be a lighter more tightly woven version of Level 5. I had to read the chapter on clothing in Extreme Alpinism before the lights went on. Twight writes more about general functions and applications rather than levels, so it’s not exactly obvious there either. So, I do think I’m not completely alone in my lack of enlightenment. It’s ironic. Mark Twight commented that the alpinists were more and more trying to dress s he described, then he lamented that the clothing industry was likely never to catch on, because it was so alien to their way of thinking. A year or so after publishing, Natick contacted him to adapt the system for the PCU. Otherwise, the ideas may never have gained traction. PCU is now over 20 years old. Advances in commercial systems since then are interesting. The first thing I’ve noticed is that L1 and L2 have just about universally gone to Merino wool blends. It seems everyone pretty well gets L3, L6, and L7, allowing for the synthetic versus down question. I think.a lot of companies understand the active versus static modes, but the only two that come to mind that take a dry-from-the-inside-out approach and have a suitable L5 are First Spear (thus Hill People Gear) and Patagonia. There may be more. I’m just not aware of them. Evolutions since PCU might make a good third or fourth video and beyond, if that is interesting to you.

[@phil6715]

As a Norwegian soldier, i have two words if you are ever going to wear any cold weather clothing Wool, layers Thats all you need to know, avoid synthetics

[@gaia8840]

Just a point, never ever put wool on your first layers please. Wool is good but it does trap sweat easily

[@SONG2GO]

very good point @@gaia8840

[@timeisahumanconstruct9251]

@@gaia8840 wool breathes easily though. synthetics trap sweat.

[@rocketappliantist4969]

I would highly recommend wool, particularly merino wool if itchy wool bothers you. It stays warm when wet like synthetic, but you can wear it over and over again on a multi day trip and it won't smell at all. I have merino base layers hats and sweaters that I use ski touring and hiking/camping in general. The army uses synthetic because it's cheap and works well but to the individual buyer, merino is great for a few dollars more.

[@ericb.4358]

Yep, Winter Camping - no bugs and no people! I love it, except for the short daylight hours. i love my KUIU YUKON Water Proof Breathable rain parka (Usually I get a size large for layering beneath a parka but KUIU's slim fitting required an XXL for me.) The YUKON parka has WPB membrane by TORAY Industries of Japan and has excellent breathability. Plus the parka has pit zips for venting.

[@KitCreep]

Short days are the only downside. Nothing nvgs can’t fix 😉

[@tlaloclopez6098]

dude, excellent video! Just enough oorah to keep it fun without getting too bro-y. Keep this exact vibe, it's genuine and straight forward, with a bit of fun to keep it from getting too serious.

[@Surv1ve_Thrive]

This is a very thoroughly researched system. This was a very thorough and well presented video. Thank you very much. 🇬🇧👍🇺🇲

[@moxtr]

Very comprehensive although I still find it hard to keep track of all the different systems and different levels but you do a great job at explaining it.

[@_R_E_D_A_C_T_E_D_]

Now I get why US military always looks cold when they're training in norway xD Way too much synthetic imo Great breakdown and presentation of this kit!

[@KitCreep]

Wool and synthetics both have their uses as base layer. I have a bunch of sets of synthetics but only one set of wool. Price is really the biggest issue. And down loft is looking more viable with better dwr treatments for them but don’t current have any. Glad you enjoyed! Thank you.

[@WaterMeA-biscuit]

Another thing about using zippers instead of velcro is velcro tends to be very loud when having to retrieve something from one of the pockets compared to a zipper where you can slowly open it without as much noise for when you find yourself in a sticky situation and are nearby enemy combatants.

[@Agmundrs.Adventures]

Puffy jackets are absolutely the way to go. They've been around long to enough to where they're cheap now. The Ghost Whisper is wicked lite, but I just got a solid one for $20 for my lady from Costco. It's always with me.

[@Johny40Se7en]

Really enjoyed this, nice one. This should be shown in any cold weather outdoor activities courses, not just military.

[@KitCreep]

Thank you! That’s one of the reasons I made this vid. I’m not in the military but they do a great job of creating standards that are easy to follow. Figured this might help out any fellow outdoorsman.

[@Johny40Se7en]

@@KitCreep Does indeed. Truly great stuff. And you'd think that layering in very cold conditions is common sense, but like they say "that ain't so common anymore" 🙃😅

[@BrochachoEnchilada]

I also have an Arktis A192 stowaway, I love it so much

[@44hawk28]

The origin of multiple layer systems started in the mid-1970s when we started being issued a jacket that was the liner for the parka. It was understood that in the cold of idaho, where I was stationed at the time, intermediate levels of protection would be more productive. And yes it was a slow process, it is the US military after all, till they finally found an outlet to actually teach them how to layer. And they got heavy into it by the late 90s early 2000s. Especially when they were starting to do a lot more work in desert as well as cold climates. I've picked up a number of the long sleeve t-shirt things and I'm surprised at how comfortable they are at relatively high temperatures.

[@Siroitin]

I use woolen sweater around the year because the material breaths so well

[@snuffying]

i travelled from german winter to new zealand summer dressed only with the following: Merino underpants, hiking pants with removable lower parts to make them shorts, merino tshirt, poliester tshirt, merino longsleeve, cotton shirt, fleece, windbreaker jacket, rain jacket, hat. I was good from +35 degrees celsius to 0 degrees dressed like this and layering up or down. with thicker socks, i could go to -1, -2 as well. thats an amplituted of around 37 degrees from just layering up and down according to the season. it is amazing and im not using the same system in the german winter again, with one extra layer on my core and i can go all the way down to -7.

[@jamesjakejim]

Awesome summary! You helped me to choose how I'll look in the future 😁

[@tritnaha1345]

Have a look at Lars Fält and what the Swedish army did/does, it's probably more informative and better suited considering the Swedes schooled the Americans in artic warfare and survival.

[@KitCreep]

Dressing for the cold really goes overlooked in the US. Most people I see have the luxury of just dressing fashionably for that excruciating journey from the car to the mall. We have a lot to learn from our Scandinavian friends. I’m not afraid of the world getting warmer. I’m afraid if it getting colder.

[@EternityRecordsUSA]

Brilliant video. Thank you very much

[@SigmaLegendus69]

The fabics makes a huge difference besides the items and levels.

[@johnconner4695]

Good Breakdown man. Cold weather training is critical for units to conduct on using the PCU/ECWCS

[@KitCreep]

I agree. Theaters of war are moving back up north and into the mountains. The war in Ukraine and rising tensions in the Himalayas and Korea could put combatants in some of the harshest cold conditions on earth. Rising prices of gas and domestic oil refineries burning down left and right could mean lost of heating for millions. Everyone needs to learn this.

[@endrehth]

I’ve wanted a breakdown like this forever thanks man

[@KitCreep]

Me too man. One day I just thought "Fine. I'll do it myself".

[@SP_EH444]

You got a sub from me. First time I've subbed after a single video. Great content man. Keep it up.

[@KitCreep]

Thank you! More is on the way

[@wasp3959]

I work outside through the winter and my 3 items that get me through the coldest days are a carhartt beanie, alpinestar neck warmer and a heated gilet i got from amazon that i always pack 2 powerbanks with.

[@Krytech420]

Netting wool is by fae the best bottom layer to use

[@KitCreep]

I wish it was more available/popular in the states.

[@Anza_34832]

We’ll done! Add more details on the individual pieces of clothing and keep those videos comin’!

[@KitCreep]

I’ll be posting breakdowns of each level individually. That way we can focus on the philosophies, methods and applications of each level to help us find the right garment for our individual needs. Spring is coming, however. Maybe I’ll start with wet weather layers…

[@Anza_34832]

@@KitCreep Excellent! I am looking forward to your upcoming videos

[@verysmallcats1374]

Great overview of the system as a whole! I'm excited to see you cover boots and socks specifically. I think that them being in contact with cold stuff and often concurrently in motion makes them the hardest to get right. I have struggled with keeping my feet warm even with Thinsulate(400g) hiking boots and Darn Tough hiking merino wool socks in colder conditions.

[@KitCreep]

I agree. Footwear is a very personal matter but I will be exploring different types of footwear and what features I look for depending on temp and application.

[@nathanhyland910]

So for the OR insulated Nalgene “pouch” put your Nalgene in upside down so when the water does freeze, eventually it will of out long/cold enough, ice forms at the “bottom” so you can actually still drink, and if you have a canteen cup on said Nalgene it is 109% gonna freeze your water, so stow that upside down to help or just stow it elsewhere with food or whatnot

[@KitCreep]

Agreed. The upside down trick is vital no matter the container or insulator. I used to just rely on putting my stainless steel canteen on the fire after it froze. Putting them mouth down let’s you have your water when you need it and not have to wait for the fire to start or your core to melt it. I’ll do a video on my water solutions one day

[@nathanhyland910]

@@KitCreep currently on a winter survival course and I’m learning some little tips and tricks, I look forward to more content from yourself.

[@artysa.blackwood4261]

Extremly good and informative video men.

[@KitCreep]

Much appreciated!

[@nycrae]

I don't have a lot of money for gear - but I layer top and bottom with fleece. Colder the temp, I just add more fleece layers. Pop a nylon shell over all that top and bottom. Its comfy as hell, drys quick, weighs nothing.

[@lowtone20hz]

Not bad for a first video! I did some cold weather camping recently and made some changes to my layering system. Wish I'd known about this system then. Seems like it makes sense.

[@KitCreep]

Thank you! I wish I learned how to layer a long time ago. But once you learn, you don’t have to sit around and wait for nice weather to enjoy the outdoors. Conquer all 4 seasons.

[@bugoutbrad8395]

Excellent video bro. What I would like to see. A chow kit and cook. In the field. Cheers 🍻

[@KitCreep]

Thank you. I’ve been itching to go on some overnighters.

[@angelarosepepe]

Hmm maybe I do want to play in the snow…I really enjoyed this!! I can tell you had fun making it too. Can’t wait to see what you do next :)

[@KitCreep]

That’s great! Plus surplus is so much cheaper than brand new technical garments so that’s one less barrier to entry. I had a great time with this video. You can expect more cool stuff here very soon. Thanks for your support!

[@rezganger]

people should learn what gore-tex is. it cant both breathe and repel water at the same time! this is very important,and few are actually aware. the gore-tex fabric can only have one function at a time,either breathing or repelling water. it has to do with if the surface is wet or not. it changes the characteristics of the fabric. oh,you seem to be aware. too few know this,tho. thanks for sharing,man! very interesting and practical.

[@schmiddy8433]

Meanwhile in Wisconsin: 3 layers top, shorts on bottom An old lady said to me once "you're gonna catch a cold!" I said "don't worry, these are my winter shorts ;)"

[@nathanhyland910]

The ECW “HAPPY” top is indeed where it’s at haha

[@MITSCG]

Incredibly thorough video and demonstrations, thanks

[@TJackSurvival]

Excellent video

[@PowermadNavigator]

This is an awesomely detailed breakdown and it seems there is a point to be made about that thick vest after all. It would be good to see about what you can do in extremely hot conditions to not pass out.

[@KitCreep]

It gets pretty hot and humid in the summer where I am. I’ll give my 2 cents on hot weather garments soon. Summer is coming…

[@alexandermauga3629]

thank GOD!! someone put a awesome PCU layering system vid thats up to date thanks Kit Creep

[@AlexsEquipmentCorner]

Just noticed my ORC PCU LV5 lacks some functionality against the Patagonia, but still got the drip advantage, haha. Very informative!

[@KitCreep]

Ya I mostly went with the block I garments for their features but the orc garments are better looking in my opinion. Definitely great for a collection or impression kits. Really cool dudes rocked those orc jackets in the early gwot

[@AlexsEquipmentCorner]

@@KitCreep mainly bought ORC for the collection purpose but I've been wearing it a lot now, just too comfy

[@altairauditor5152]

cant wait for the next vid, very nicely explained

[@KitCreep]

Next ones coming soon. Just in time for spring.

[@scotbotvideos]

Great video. Going to have watch it several times in order to get the most from it.

[@chucksolutions4579]

There at 00:11 you see Xtra tuff rubber boots, which tells you these poor sods are in Alaska (they are called the Alaska Sneaker). I did the drill they are doing back in 2004, it was kind of fun, we told funny stories to the instructors and sang songs while slowly freezing to death then got out and had to set up our tent, sleep system and successfully boil water and prepare food before our bodies quit working. Good times!

[@joebiggs135]

Great job, subscribed. Can't wait for the next.

[@mysteriousoklahoma777]

I bought multiple MARs systems mostly Patagonia from an old neighbor that was in SF.

[@tac-cobserver3788]

Awesome, thanks for sharing Creep 🤙 Well, stay healthy for all of us & Safety First! Peace across the Globe ✌😉

[@uss_liberty_incident]

Outstanding overview.

[@viktor.egelund]

Wool is your friend. Greetings from Norway.

[@adamc6371]

just spent a week in static 20-50F with only cammies, waffle top and lvl5 top and beanie. Mistakes were made not bringing more layers and some bottoms, my ass was frozen. Wasn't used to being static for that long but now i know I cant get away with it if i drop activity. I wasn't used to being static for nearly the whole time which was weird.

[@KitCreep]

Sounds like poor leadership? Good leaders should always make sure their guys go out with the right equipment. Seems like too many think “embrace the suck” = letting guys walk into a mission woefully unprepared for the weather conditions.

[@adamc6371]

@@KitCreep I agree in part but also I take some of the mistake not preparing for worse conditions myself and know what i need next time i head out in similar conditions

[@soothingmeow22]

the pcu looks cooler than the ecwcs. That being said, once I learned how to use the ecwcs, it's super simple. I hate how the highers who don't know how it works dictate how to use it, and 99% do it wrong and intern no one knows how to use it properly so you see guys look like marshmallows and still freezing

[@KitCreep]

Better equipment can’t fix poor leadership sadly.

[@Fortress_mentality]

Thank you for the brilliant content. Looking forward to seeing more videos.

[@antikoerper256]

Very useful! Thanks & respect from your humble NATO ally - Bulgaria

[@danielguadian2716]

Very cool information. I've used some if these techniques while ice fishing, didn't realize I was being smart 😅. I liked & subbed...

[@dct124]

Torso I usually grab a emergency blanket ($4 at Walmart). Cut it in half. Between my layer 1 and 2 thermal, wrap it around my back to front (clasp together). Tuck my top layer thermal/shirt back in my pants. Legs. Take other half, cut in half. Put in pants, tuck blanket between underwear and thermal, wrap around leg(s). Put on windbreaker/water resistant (or proof) pants. Feet Grocery bags around feet, over top thermal socks. If needed, will shear off some emergency blanket material and wrap feet. Super light, keeps you warm. If layered with resistant clothing, you shouldn't sweat, and if you do, you should be able to wick it away via your thermal shirts/pants/socks/boxer briefs. Ps: old worn out emergency blankets, I fold them and place in my jacket pockets.