Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development

Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development is a theory that explains the development of moral reasoning in individuals. According to Kohlberg, moral development follows a series of six progressive stages, each of which is more capable of responding adequately to moral dilemmas than previous ones. These six stages, in turn, can be grouped into three general levels: the pre-conventional, the conventional, and the post-conventional.
In this video, we will discuss Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development. We start by giving a short background of the theory, then describe each of its levels and stages.
Lawrence Kohlberg (October 25, 1927-January 19, 1987) was an American psychologist best known for his theory of stages of moral development. He served as a professor in the Psychology Department at the University of Chicago and at the Graduate School of Education at Harvard University. He is credited for creating the field "moral development" within psychology and is considered to be the 30th most eminent psychologist of the 20th century.
Video Chapters
0:00 Introduction
0:37 Short Background
2:22 Level 1: Pre-Conventional
2:56 Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience Orientation
3:22 Stage 2: Instrumental Purpose Orientation
3:54 Level 2: Conventional
4:26 Stage 3: Good Boy/Nice Girl Orientation
5:02 Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation
5:35 Level 3: Post-Conventional
6:21 Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation
6:58 Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles Orientation
8:10 Criticisms
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Language and Ideas

[@kennethjohnnavera3155]

Kenneth John C. Navera ACT IT-2-S What stage of moral development do you think you are currently in? As per my evaluation, I can conclude that I am in Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation.Because, in this stage it acknowledges the introduction of abstract reasoning as people attempt to explain specific behaviors. For example , the man should steal the medication for his wife because she is deathly ill and the laws do not take the circumstances into account also, respondents basically believe that a good society is best conceived as a social contract into which people freely enter to work toward the benefit of all They recognize that different social groups within a society will have different values, but they believe that all rational people would agree on two points. We must learn to value other by respecting their privacy and accepting that we may others by respecting their privacy and accepting that we may hold opposing viewpoints I see myself in this stage because I also have a mindset of seeing the world with different from others. Our values and beliefs , should also be appreciated because this things teach us on how to be a good and sit in our society . This is the stage where I currently see myself.

[@languageandideas]

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[@francochristianpepino8203]

Franco Christian Pepino ACT-IT 2 S My moral development stage is at post conventional, because the laws and values of the society for me matters. And base on the questions before this, I have develop and realized that post conventional fits my current stage in moral development

[@languageandideas]

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[@jowesanon1648]

Joyce Ann M. Antolihao ACT IT 2 S I think I am more at stage 5, Social Contract Orientation. I've known well that we all have our differences in all things, may it be one's perspective, views, or even stance. I have developed that morality of mine through hard situations and various people with unique principles. I get to adopt, learn, and widen my views and virtues mainly because of what's happening around me.

[@languageandideas]

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[@vinceivanmejares7533]

Vince Ivan M. Mejares, ACT IT 2 - S QUESTION: Which stage of moral development you’re currently in? ANSWER: I can say that I am at the stage 5 of moral development which is already at the post-conventional level. I am able to determine this because I always see myself to be right or wrong, depending on the situation I’m in. Certainly, most of the time if I am wrong, I will just accept the fact that I am wrong and just move on even if it hurts in my part that I made the wrong decision. So, I consider that morality of myself belonged to the stage 5 of moral development, base on the thought that I decide universally and personally with no questions if I followed the societal rules or not.

[@languageandideas]

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[@vincentkimpan3973]

Vincent J. Kimpan ACT IT 2-S STAGE 4 LAW AND ORDER Take into consideration a larger perspective that of society. Moral decision making has moved beyond the need for individual approval and the consequences to their relationships. This stage reminds us that there is a law that we need to follow. This law was prepared and authored by a lawmaker for the good of our community.

[@languageandideas]

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[@jeizryllglennlumapas3788]

Jeiz Ryll Glenn Lumapas ACT IT 2-S Which stage of moral development you're currently in? - As of today, I could say that I am Stage 3: Good boy/ Good nice girl orientation in Level 2: Conventional. It is because I am self-conscious and always aware of the consequences of every actions that I made. I've been trying my best to reach other people's expectations. I know it is really hard to reach people's expectations but I know to myself that I'm doing it in the good way. Not only because I did it for the people to appreciate me, but for me to also challenge myself to be the reason for everyone's smile and to be the symbol of goodness.

[@languageandideas]

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[@zebedeeanduyan7530]

Zebedee T. Anduyan ACT IT 2 C Which stage of moral development do you think you're currently in? Answer: At this point in my life, I believe I am at a point where I have my own moral principles and I am beginning to recognize that my moral value is not the same as that of society. I am currently in the post-conventional stage, stage 5. Whereas I am unconcerned about society's standard of living, I live according to what I believe is right and is true to who I am. I believe I am at a point in my life where everyone has their own point of view on everything and being different is completely acceptable. Acceptance is essential, and let us break the stigma that if someone has a different opinion, we condemn them; instead, let us simply love and respect one another.

[@languageandideas]

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[@bernalmikejoshua3611]

Mike Joshua G. Bernal BSCE 2-P What stage of moral development do you think you're currently in? I think the moral development I'm currently in is Stage 3 which is Good boy/Good girl orientation. I'm now going through this period because I try to be a "nice boy" in order to meet society's expectations. I'm always worried about how other people's opinions and judgments influence my social norms. I'm friendly and constantly show respect for others, especially my family. As a son, I respect my parents and always follow their instructions. I have a large number of friends, and I attempt to live up to their expectations. I've always been friendly and helpful to them because I don't want to irritate them. I admit that it is difficult for me to live up to society's expectations since I am continuously influenced by the thoughts, opinions, and approval of others. However, I constantly remember that doing good provides a better life to both yourself and others; embrace yourself to do good and be the reason that someone believes in people's kindness.

[@languageandideas]

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[@Macasyr]

Mark Darrel A. Sumaylo ACT-IT 2 S Which stage of moral development do you think you’re currently in? Stage 2: Instrumental Purpose Orientation & Stage 3: Good Boy / Nice Girl Orientation The fact that I grow up being outcast in our town since I was a kid being bullied up till present. Being decent person doesn’t define in order to live up to society’s expectations. But being good person is free without society defines who I am. Still being private person, hate-socializing and likes to be alone I’m more on stage 2 which only satisfying my personal needs. As long as I don’t bother others and them not bothering me even how they act nor their moral behavior is good enough for me.

[@languageandideas]

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[@richardbagaipo7155]

Richard Bagaipo ACT IT 2 S which stage of moral development do you think you're currently in? - In stage 6, moral reasoning is based on abstract reasoning using universal ethical principles. The chosen ideals are generally abstract rather than specific, focusing on concepts like equality, dignity, and respect. Laws are only valid inasmuch as they are based on justice, and a commitment to justice entails disobedience of unjust laws. People pick the ethical ideals they want to follow, and they feel bad if they break them.

[@languageandideas]

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[@rileyyap]

Yap, Jomuel Hidalgo ACT-IT 1 GE8-S Which stage of moral development do you think you’re currently in? At my age, I think I am in the Post-Conventional stage of Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development. Based upon the KZbin video that I have watched, it was explained that individuals at this stage are most likely governed by universal laws or principles in which they aligned their values and characters in every situation they are into. Also, person/s at this stage uses their high-level of cognitive skills to assess how they perceive human and society especially if it compromises an individual’s rights and does not promote the interests of the majority. In addition, a person’s action at this stage is also determined by Universal Ethical Principles Orientation - meaning, individuals have already set their own moral guidelines regardless if it may or may not fit the law such as social justice, human rights, equality, etc. Though it was explained in the video that this stage can be ill-defined or abstract, since according to Kohlberg, most people do not get at this level of moral reasoning because they are usually influence by the views from those surrounding them (stimulus). To answer the question (Which stage of moral development do you think you’re currently in?), a lot of tough decisions will come through my way. These decisions that I am basing is not just merely from anyone’s comment/opinion but based from my own perspective on how I understand a certain action or situation regardless if it may or not fit to society’s set of principles. To fully understand this, one best example is the upcoming May 2022 Philippine Elections in which every person will exercise their right to suffrage base on how we Filipinos assess each running candidate which we perfectly think suits for a position in the national government. At the end of the day, we may have a lot of differences, opinions, views on every candidate, but the most important thing is how we use our power to vote for the betterment of the society. That I think is my basis on how I can apply, Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.

[@languageandideas]

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[@elthonalonsagay3252]

Angel Babes B. Napuli ACT-IT 2-S Question: What stage of moral development do you think you are currently in? Answer: I believe I am currently at stage 5, which is Social Contact and Orientation. Individuals are seen as having diverse ideals and opinions at this point. I perceive myself at this level since I frequently break several boundaries in my life for my own interest. I have a tendency to act without regard for how others perceive me. As long as I don't hurt anyone, but I follow the regulations when it comes to laws. Everyone has different opinions, and I have mine as well; no one can understand us unless they are aware of our positions. We simply need to respect each other's life choices.

[@languageandideas]

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[@icygrafe6173]

Name: Icy Grafe ACT IT 2-S Which stage of moral development do you think you're correctly in ? - The stage of moral development that I'm currently in is good boy/ nice girl orientation. My family see me as a quite, serious and smart girl so they expect that someday I'll be successful. I cannot disappoint them so Im trying to live their expectations. Even if it's hard, I still try because i dont want to shame them with my other relatives. Being a good girl in the strict perfectionist family is not easy.

[@languageandideas]

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[@salmerdalubajan8947]

Salmer L. Dalubajan ACT-IT 2-S 1. Which stage of moral development do you think you're currently in? After watching the video, I consider myself that I belong to stage 5: Social Contract Orientation. I always see the world with many differences. Each one of us has a unique perspective and different mindsets. Even if we have different perspective, we should respect with each other and know the value of rules to maintain a harmonized society.

[@languageandideas]

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[@airahadlocon916]

Aira Belle Hadlocon ACT-IT 2-S What stage of moral development do you think you are currently in? Ans. I think im more in the stage 4 because it focused on law and order. we must follow the rules and regulations in order to carry out our responsibility as a citizens and students and to respect our authorities to maintain the law and order.

[@languageandideas]

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[@DillonTheVillainBrooks96]

Jake christian Boldios ACT-IT 1-T What level of moral development do you believe you are at right now? Based on my personal observations, I believe I am currently in Kohlberg's fifth stage of moral development. I appreciate each other's differences, including our opinions, thoughts, and beliefs, because we all have various ideals that vary depending on the scenario. Follow the laws as a result of a majority agreement, and I often believe that regulations should be based on what is best and most acceptable for the people, based on their legitimate needs.

[@languageandideas]

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[@christianmalatamban1736]

Christian O. Malatamban ACT-IT 2S Which stage of moral development do you think you're currently in? Answer: I think I'm still at stage 3: Good Boy/Nice Girl Orientation. Being in a family with a lot of law breakers, most of our relatives don't have any proper manners, that's why when we were still a child, my brother and I were nurtured by my parents to become a person with proper manners and we were expected to salvage our family's reputation. From then on our movements have been restricted and we have to tread carefully in order to avoid sullying our family's reputation any further. People around us thinks that we were good person based on our actions although they are not entirely wrong but there's still some things that they are not aware of since we were keeping it in check.

[@languageandideas]

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[@norielbagacay10]

Noriel Bagacay ACT IT 2-S 1. Which stage of moral development do you think you're currently. Among the stages of Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development, I believe that I am currently belong to stage 5, the Social Contract Orientation, considering the fact that I respect people's perspective, way of living and as an individual. Moreover, I believe that laws must be change or implemented based on the betterment of the majorities and inclined to each other's right. As an open minded person, I support and respect everyone's uniqueness and diversity knowing the fact that as we grow older we see things differently and learn things such as acceptance and differences.

[@languageandideas]

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[@janianne3287]

Ianne Jan Ando, BS Criminology 2 CAA20 Activity 4 1. Which stage of moral development do you think you're currently in? * As I watch and listen to the video I see myself in Post-conventional level stage 5 which is the Social Contract Orientation. I noticed myself today or in this age that my perspective is different back when I was younger , I know that with more experience on different situations in life we will develop our mindset and view towards society. In this time I respect others perspective and their decisions I learned that there must be a reason of what others are doing I will analyze first unlike before I will directly judge. I can say that I'm in stage 5 because I can stand on what is morally right.

[@languageandideas]

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[@allanlloydespina9170]

Espina, Allan Lloyd L. ACT - IT 2S ACTIVITY #4 WHICH STAGE OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT DO YOU THINK YOU'RE CURRENTLY IN? Based on the video presentation, I can relate on Social Contract Orientation or Stage 5 of Kohlberg's stages of moral development because I know how to overcome or handle other's opinion. Sometimes I tend to do things no matter what other people think. I think the consequences are lesser than what I will attain.

[@languageandideas]

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[@mariongorne1223]

John Marion Gorne ACT IT 2 S I think im in stage 2 cause i have a mindset that I need to gain something from anyone always and I only about myself what is good for me or not.

[@languageandideas]

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[@jvmontescalilung1261]

Jv M. Calilung ACT-IT 2-S Which stage of moral development do you think you're currently in? - I am currently in stage 4 of moral growth, which is Law and Order Orientation. This stage discusses the ethical dimensions of decision-making. We seek the advice of others to make a decision that is more convenient for ourselves. This pertains to the law and the norms that keep the peace. So you'd know how things would turn out based on that situation. Clearly in this stage of mine i know what is wrong and what is right.

[@languageandideas]

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[@janessacapilitan2944]

Janessa B. Capilitan ACT-IT 2S Which stage of moral development do you think you’re currently in? Which stage of moral development I’m currently in, well based in the video I think I belong to stage 5 or the Social Contract Information. In the video it’s stated that the people in stage 5 understand and respect other people’s perspective even though everyone of us is different from each other. I can myself in this stage, because I honestly understand and respect each other’s perspective, we clearly have our own differences so why can’t we just show some respect and everything will be in a good term. We cannot just force somebody just because they do not fit in your perspective , you have to respect their decision whether you like it or not because it is their way of seeing things and not yours.

[@languageandideas]

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[@cabantanbryllechristian2604]

Brylle Christian Cabantan ACT-IT 1-S What stage of moral development do you think you are currently in? I believe I'm in the stage of Social Contract Orientation, based on the video. People in stage 5 are said to respect people with various perspectives and believe that all people should be treated equally despite their differences. I see myself in this period since I, too, have a different perspective on the world than others. They, like everyone else, have their own perspective on the world. We differ from one another in terms of rights, ideas, and values, and we must respect each other's perspectives. We can't make someone have an opinion that isn't convenient for them. It must be treated with respect, as stated in the video. Also, there are rules.

[@languageandideas]

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[@jovilynclarion4715]

JOVILYN CLARION ACT IT 2-S What stage of moral development do you think you are currently in? I think I can fit myself in the stage 3 because one of my goal in life is to be a better person and became a good student. I also realized that I'm focusing on what others see in me rather than enjoy my own company. In this stage we are good by doing what is approved by others and this is what I want to change about myself because it shows low self-esteem. We also tend to develop at different stage and to different levels.

[@languageandideas]

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[@stephaniepadin3547]

Stephanie Padin ACT IT 2 S Which stage of moral development do you think you're currently in? Answer: I think I'm part in conventional level in moral development because I accept directly what the society without any questions, I always obey what the society rules. Which is I'm in Stage 3 about Good boy/ Nice girl generation so that we can maintain a peaceful society, I don't want any harmful things because I want to maintain what the societies expectations as new generation. I always observe my actions when it comes to morality before judging others, because we need to know first about ourself and make sure that we are maintaining our good moral attitude.

[@languageandideas]

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[@Qwwer1123]

Jhun Ray Omiping ACT-IT 2S Which stage of moral development do you think you're currently in? •A bit of 1, a bit of 5. I avoid punishment, but can be quite outspoken against rules that seem unfair or poorly considered.

[@languageandideas]

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[@bojomojo6388]

Eljielo M. Dayola BSCRIM 2- CAA Good morning everyone! Lesson 4 Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development How mature are you morally? - I can handle things calmly in any terms of consequence. Moral dilemas can be challenging but I can make and solve things calmly and with my own self. Have you ever wondered why other people behave the way they do? - I do wondered why, but in my own experience it is only natural on how we experience in any kinds of situation we are in. We can learn from it and get away from it. If there are no progress or change on what you have been living then you will act accordingly on how the way you do. This week’s lesson is going to help you answer these questions!

[@languageandideas]

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[@rvgenesishinunangan3284]

Rv Genesis Hinunangan BSComSci 1 Q: What stage of moral development do you think you're currently in? I am currently on Stage 5 the Social Contract Orientation because probably of maturity. I remain in mostly social gathering because I don't want to struct any conversion that involves in politics or religion. Cause I knew that someone that might have the opposite opinions as I do it will start a conflict. I am as reserved during any social events even it became heated at the moment I will still be reserve about it unless they wanted me to butt in or provoke. If only everyone would be as reserve and respect each others views on a topic the world would be in a much civilized society.

[@languageandideas]

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[@maceygalo232]

Mary Grace Mausisa ACT-IT 2 S What stage of moral development do you think you are currently in? Ans: I think I belong to level 2 conventional, stage 4 law and order orientation and level 3 post- conventional, stage 5 social contract orientation. Because when I read The Heinz Delimma, my mind say that he should steal the drug because the wife has a right to live but not just the wife but all of us has the right to live and also we all know that it is the husband obligation to save his wife life but my mind also say that stealing is bad it's not the right way to save your wife life. Every problem have a solution aside from breaking the rules and laws.

[@languageandideas]

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[@melviemontajes9629]

Melvie Montajes ACT-IT1 S The moral development I think I'm currently in is that the fifth stage because I obey the established laws that are designed to protect people. I will treat people exactly as I would hope to be treated by them. Yet the fifth step would require me to protest legal behaviors, that ought to be illegal. I believe there is no such thing as social justice.

[@languageandideas]

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[@cass3045]

Pino, Michelle Karla D. A CT-IT S What stage of moral development do you think you are currently in? The moral development I currently in are stage 4 Law and Order Orientation and stage 5 Social Contract Orientation, In 3 years of facing the pandemic, we society is listening and including the perspective of others, I'm following and respecting rules and laws that the higher authority implemented for me and us to be more safe and I'm the one who benefits more, Because, with my small effort of doing it, it can save me and the others people surrounds me. Next, Stage 5, my actions is different from others and so do my perceptives. I have this experience where my opinion is being insulted, We are intitled to have our own point of view to something and the only thing I want is to received a fair hearing, respecting others opinion don't make you bad. Our opinion is unique to others, I'm seeing things differently because of the situation I'm in and including the consequences of it and others might disagree with me because my opinion is very selfish; All we have to do is to respect each other opinions and not forcing them to have the opinion same as yours. Therefore, these are the stage I currently see myself in.

[@languageandideas]

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[@dextherosorio5216]

Dexther I. Osorio ACT IT S-2 What stage of moral development do you think you are currently in? For me I'm in stage 3 which is Good boy / nice girl orientation. I'm in a society with a lot of judgemental people that you can live freely without judging your actions and values. So I'm pretending and trying to be what they want to so they will accept me hahah. Going to the flow of the society I've lived and walking with a fake emotion, value, and actions. I chose to hide my true me to be not be judges and not be mentally destroy.

[@languageandideas]

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[@arvinobligado8450]

Arvin M. Obligado, ACT-IT 2-S Which stage of moral development do you think you're currently in? I think it's stage number 4: law and order orientation because I believe that following the rules and orders make me feel safe and comfortable in society. Because obeyeng the good rules is important to me. So this makes me think that stage 4 is the stage that I'm currently in.

[@languageandideas]

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[@marklouieabendanio3913]

Mark Louie T. Abendanio BSCRIM-1 CAA20 Lesson #4 What stage of moral development do you think you are currently in? Cognative Development theories, such as Lawrence Kohlberg, Jean Piaget, elliott turiel, Claim that moral development is universal in two sentences, 1 is that individuals in all cultures proceed through the same stages of moral development and 2 is that companying each stage of moral development are the same moral.

[@languageandideas]

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[@jinkyfetilunabonador8881]

Jinky Bonador BSTM 3 101 What stage of moral development do you think that currently in? I think the stage of moral development I currently in is pre conventional or level 1 that morality is externally controlled focus from self interest to a relationship primarily shaped by the expectations of adults and the consequences for breaking the rules. Im not obeying a rules of my parents sometimes and it's just seeing my self to this moral stage I currently in. And I'm focusing my personal needs without any regards of others. Thats all.

[@languageandideas]

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[@jameshinunangan4339]

JAMES M. HINUNANGAN BSCRIM 2 section CAA20 Which stage of moral development do you think you're currently in? - The stage of moral development, I think that I'm currently in was Stage 3: Good Boy/Nice Girl orientation. As a person who's trying to be better, I do belong in this stage. As I observe in my personality, I always depends on what other people see in me because I'm scared that they will hate me for who I am. But until I realized that this is wrong, I need to show the real me and focus on the people who will stay. And now I'm trying myself to not depends on approval of others about myself. I have my family, friends and loved ones who always there for me and accept me and that's is most important of all.

[@languageandideas]

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[@arnelcortejos959]

Arnel Tenio Cortejos BSCRIM 2 CAA20 GE 8 Lesson 4 How mature are you morally? Ans: is marked by depth and consistency of moral judgement; by recognition that any moral judgement may be fallible; that moral judgement is complex in that moral principles, it they are to be applied to a specific case, may need to be interpreted. Have you ever wondered why other people behave the way they do? Ans: Many of us tend to think of decision making as a process in which two separate and opposite mechanisms are engaged in a critical struggle,with the emotional and impulsive mechanism within us tempting us to choose the "wrong" thing, while the rational and intellectual machanism that we also carry inside us slowly and ploddingly promises to lead us eventually to make the right choice.

[@languageandideas]

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[@shemaiahelahlanugan751]

SHEMAIAH ELAH LANUGAN ACT IT 2 S Which stage of moral development do you think you're currently in? Stage 5 and 6. We are all aware that we are surrounded by rules. Everywhere you go there are rules that we need to follow but sometimes this rule also makes our life even harder. Imagine you have been experiencing a very tragic situation where you need to choose between obeying the rules or should violate the rules. I know it is hard to decide between the two of them because we know that after violating there are always consequences. But if you have a valid reason for doing it. Then let's understand this person. We know that he/she is already aware of what he/she might be facing after this. That's his/her decision so let him decide.

[@languageandideas]

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[@markjosephsaligo6026]

Mark Joseph Saligo ACT IT 2 S Which stage of moral development do you think you're currently in? I believe that I'm in stage 3 because I really want to be a better person and I have been doing of what other people see me than doing what I like. I just want to be a better person that's why I do what they approved so that in the future they will see a better me.

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[@merinmariaestela3231]

MERIN, MARIA ESTELA S. BSCRIM1 CAA20 Which stage of moral development do you think you're currently in? - Stage 3 in conventional level 2 because I`m trying to be a good girl and a good citizen in society. I act good in society in order to respect.

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[@earlreylascuna8921]

Earl Rey B. Lascuña BSCRIM 1 CAA20 Which stage of moral development do you think you're currently in? For me, I think the stage of moral development I currently in is the stage 5 or social contract orientation. It understand all the people with different perspective and should be treated equally despite the differences. I see myself in this stage because I also have a mindset of seeing the world with different from others. I know how to handle and take care about other opinions, that I may encounter with the people who make their own opinion about my life.

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[@glennjuevesano6772]

Glenn A. Juevesano ACT IT 2 S Which stage of moral development do you think you're currently in? I accept I am right now at stage 4 of moral advancement, which is centered on law and order. As understudies, we must follow to the laws and directions in order to carry out our duties, and this is often the foremost vital component of being a understudy. You'll ended up a great citizen by taking after the rules and laws. Because of this I appear to matter to me to be decent I need tobe a great individual without enemies and without harming individual human and fair continuously be positive and everybody likes you since you're kind

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