Laney et al. (2008): False Memories - A-Levels 9990 Psychology

[@abdullahahsan864]

12:15 big man's playing games with us. The floppy disc wasn't blue.

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Stay sharp :)

[@lalitmohank]

@@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100 not me scrolling thru the comments to make sure im not colorblind

[@zubhussain8367]

I have my AS exams in less than a weeks time, your videos are literal life saver!!!💜

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

You are very welcome :) Kindly donate to my channel if the videos have helped you.

[@saffmoon728]

This was so useful! My textbook is not that useful in terms of being descriptive. I was scared this would be long and boring but it was very interesting and I really enjoyed it! I managed to make notes that I'm sure will help me when my exams start. Thank you so much for sharing your knowledge

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Glad to hear it was interesting for you :)

[@ashleyprado5993]

Hello Mr. Ross, I wanted to tell you that if my whole class passes it’s because of you. Me and my friends play your videos constantly, we learned a lot and you save of life. See you in A level and thank you for your effort!!!❤️

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

You are very welcome :) I'm glad your class has enjoyed my videos. If my videos have helped you and your classmates kindly make a donation to my channel. I would really appreciate that.

[@bananaz6837]

Mr.Ross is the best person on earth. Thank you so much you saved my life.

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

You are very welcome :) Do kindly donate to my channel to show your support :) a) Credit Card/Debit Card: buy.stripe.com/14k2bK0AB1hm8qk4gg Or b) PayPal: paypal.me/magicross7

[@zunairafaheem2135]

Mr. Ross! You are an excellent teacher... You explain difficult points so well. Thanks

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Thank you so much :)

[@michelleperera8665]

Thank you so much for such good explanations sir! I hope you never take these teachings down cause I honestly think that it's gonna help students when they are in need. Someday I hope to become a psychologist...On that day when I stand; I hope I get to thank you all over again

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

So nice of you :)

[@Papaya690]

This was really helpful! I’ve been watching your videos and I even managed to take notes. The way how your videos are really descriptive, really helps! Thanks a lo!!

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

I appreciate the positive feedback :)

[@beabetterfootballer822]

Btw, all subjects were given the additional question on 43:38. You can find it on the actual study on page 5, on the second to last paragraph on the right column

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Thank you for the information.

[@fizanasir2585]

This channel is a great help for us THANKYOUUU!!!! 😍😍

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

You're welcome 😊

[@linyajing3566]

thanks a lot! I find this study the most difficult and after the video I can finally separate each questionnaire! Good luck to my tomorrows exam 😮

[@rayaanathar316]

sem :)

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

You are most welcome. Do kindly donate to my channel to show your support :)

[@havoney]

during class i had a lot of trouble with this study but i understand it a lot more, thank you so much sir

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

I'm glad to hear my videos have helped you. If you want to show your appreciation, do make a kind donation to my channel to keep it alive :)

[@manahil_kamran]

This study was really complicated but now I got it. Thanks for this video. It was really helpful :)

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

You are very welcome! If you would like to show your appreciation you can kindly donate to my channel using any of the following methods: a) Credit Card/Debit Card: buy.stripe.com/14k2bK0AB1hm8qk4gg b) PayPal: paypal.me/magicross7

[@MM-ml7be]

Very helpful

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Glad it helped :) Do kindly consider supporting my channel by donating here: a) Credit Card/Debit Card: buy.stripe.com/14k2bK0AB1hm8qk4gg b) PayPal: paypal.me/magicross7

[@mominakhan1159]

An excellent video. I love your work. Thank you

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Thank you!

[@puterahaziman2205]

Hi! Thank you so much for these videos. Would you consider adding new ones and making them for the updated 2024-2026 syllabus? I think there are 5 new and replaced papers.

[@jalahamidu5979]

Hi sir, I found your videos really helpful closer to my exams as i am self studying and i have got no help from a teacher for psychology.... There were a few core studies i found extremely difficult to understand...and by going through your videos i was able to undersrand it to the level that i explained the entire study to another person☺️💫 Thank you sir☺️

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Thank you! Do kindly donate to my channel to support me, you can send your donations using this link: buy.stripe.com/14k2bK0AB1hm8qk4gg

[@amarabdullah679]

hello, this has been so helpful thank you very much. just wanted to ask that were the same participants used in the second study? because the number of total participants has increased and if the same people were used wouldn't they gain demand characteristics? (considering they had been debriefed in experiment number 1

[@Hassanali-ok7ro]

I enjoyed it thank you

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

You are welcome :)

[@tgkylo845]

Hii , I love your videos!! Just wanted to ask that if the control participants were not manipulated and not told anything about asparagus so why did their memory or belief increased and not remained the same?

[@MagicRoss7]

Maybe some of them genuinely liked asparagus and had memories about it? The authors do not provide an interpretation for that result. What matters more is the fact that the love condition was more prone to beliefs and memories about asparagus

[@tgkylo845]

@@MagicRoss7 ok thank you sooo much sir!!

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Hope you got the reply you needed :)

[@markleesbestfriend5846]

wow, it is interesting learning from you, thanks!

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Thank you for the kind words ;)

[@SyedZafarNaveed]

12:16 yoo it wasn't blue. Good move ;)

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Stay sharp :)

[@muthu8027]

thanks sir! 😀

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Welcome :) Do donate to my channel, I would really appreciate it too :)

[@najukeshwala6634]

How to 'remember" the numbers and the details ESPECIALLY in the results section?

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

There are 2 ways to memorize things: 1) Rote Memorization - Repeat something over and over again and it will stay in your memory 2) Active and Consistent Recall - Come up with a timetable for revision where you have to recall your facts over a period of time I highly recommend you watch this video by Ali Abdaal who has some great study tips: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mGjSYWyXbNlniKM

[@najukeshwala6634]

@@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100 Oh okay, that makes sense, thank you! I will surely try it out. And thank you for the videos (the best) as well as the recommendation.

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

@@najukeshwala6634 Welcome, wishing you all the best :)

[@arielle3730]

Hello! Was the first experiment week one with session one and session two, and the second experiment week two session one session two? Sorry if that’s phrased awkwardly, I’m not sure of the time frames between the two experiments!

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Hello 1. The time frames between the 2 Experiments are not mentioned in the original study (as far as I can recall). 2. Also, I think the time frame between the 2 Experiments doesn't matter because it wouldn't have any effect on the results anyway.

[@jamesw.6352]

Mr. Ross at 46:08 the combined % of M/B doesn't add up with the separate % of B and M, as 28% + 28% should be 56%, same goes for the control condition, is this how it is supposed to be or am I missing something? also can't thank you enough for the videos, they are doing to save my grade.

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Actually if you count it manually it's not even 28% either 11/40 * 100% = 27.5% The M/B % was probably just a small typo You can recalculate it or just use the whole numbers, i.e. 22/40 More importantly is to follow the numbers in the actual study itself.

[@meyaa1437]

what do you mean by between-subjects in methods?

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Between-subjects means participants only experience 1 level of the IV. For Laney's study, the participants who experienced the LOVE condition only experienced that condition and didn't experience the other condition (which was the Control group's condition). Both groups are separate from each other.

[@fadybassem9804]

@@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100 isn't that independent measures design?

[@ntw475]

@@fadybassem9804 I think between-subjects and independent measures are the same thing

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

@@fadybassem9804 Independent measures & between-subjects are the same thing. You can use either one.

[@fadybassem9804]

@@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100 ok thanks

[@arik4362]

i love you frfrfrfrf thankyou ❤️❤️❤️

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Hello, I'm so happy to hear that my videos have helped you. If you would like to kindly donate towards my channel to keep it alive I would greatly appreciate that. You can donate via: a) Stripe: buy.stripe.com/14k2bK0AB1hm8qk4gg b) PayPal: paypal.me/magicross7 Thank you and God bless you :)

[@sarharoshell7583]

I love your videos, they helped a lot with my AS psychology assignments and projects but sometime your videos are little bit too low, i don't know why.

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

You are very welcome :) If my videos are slow, watch them at 2x speed.

[@muhammadhuzaifa7404]

@@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100 Dear Mr Ross, by low she meant the audio output is a bit low ;)

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

@@muhammadhuzaifa7404 I don't know. Ask her, not me.

[@muhammadhuzaifa7404]

@@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100 Sorry Mr Ross if I offended you I meant something else which you're unable to understand. Moreover, am sorry but your reply was really rude.

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

​@@muhammadhuzaifa7404 Hello, you haven't offended me. In the same way, I wasn't rude to you. There is a lesson that can be learned here. You see offence and rudeness are subjective. This means that if you think something is rude, it's because you perceived it that way. It doesn't mean the statement you read was rude. When in doubt, read all statements online in a calm and neutral tone. Life is much easier that way.

[@mustabshirahtaqdees8161]

hello i just wanted to correct, both experiments were with more females, and perhaps the detail you have mentioned for experiment to is incorrect, with there being 64 females and 39 males.

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

There are 2 experiments in Laney's study. In Experiment 1 there were 128 participants (99 Females and 29 Males). In Experiment 2 there were 103 participants (64 Females & 39 Males). If you are in doubt, always consult the original study.

[@user-wt2tm8nl8r]

Sir can u please tell what was the major difference between experiment 1 and experiment 2?

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

I believe my video explains it clearly, which part do you need clarification in?

[@user-wt2tm8nl8r]

@@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100 yes it was clear. But like if a question comes what was the main difference between exp 1 and exp 2? What will we write to be precise? Thankyou for your reply!

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

@@user-wt2tm8nl8r Try to answer it here yourself first and I will look at your answer if I have time.

[@waznahaiadi5213]

What was the sampling technique for both experiments?

[@MagicRoss7]

I don't think the author specified what sampling technique was used. However, based on your knowledge of research methods, what sampling method do you believe best fits this study?

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Hope you got the information you needed :)

[@mehnazsreya]

they didnt do FCQ in the 2nd experiment?

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

The 2nd experiment did not use all the same questionnaires as the 1st one.

[@sonia28feb]

Do you have 'Psychology and Health' A-Level unit videos available?

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

I'm afraid I do not cover that chapter.

[@aurorazelaire]

I absolutely hated cucumbers as a child but when i was 14 my parents told me stories of how i loved cucumbers and had them as a snack all the time when i was young and i started eating cucumbers again. I'm 20 now and when i started my a levels, i studied this case study and one day i was eating a cucumber while watching tv and mom (psychologist) told me they'd just tricked me when i was 14 so I'd eat more greens -_-

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Thank you for sharing this story :) You are a living example of how Psychology can be applied to the real world even with something as simple as a cucumber ;)

[@zuhairahzaini6110]

May i ask what is the use of FCQ on experiment 2? :)

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

FCQ? There is no FCQ in Experiment 2. I am not sure what you are referring to.

[@zuhairahzaini6110]

@@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100 oops, i was looking at 36.37 it stated DV consist of FCQ for experiment 2, but its okay my bad.. thanks for the reply

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

@@zuhairahzaini6110 no need to apologize, it’s a mistake in the video, ignore it. There’s no FCQ in experiment 2.

[@tasnimhasem1474]

Mr. Ross my exams are in April and I’m having so much difficult remembering all the mean score and the results and having a very difficult time proceeding all this information all at once and reminding everything. I’m a mess. Is this normal? Can you suggest something? Thank you very much for your kind contribution

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

1.Yes it's normal. 2. If you cannot remember all the mean scores and other numbers related to the results, then don't. You do not need to memorize every single number to score highly in the A-Levels Psychology exam. Most of the marks come from your content and things like critical analysis and ability to explain other things in the study. 3. You have February & March to revise. That's more than enough time to study each chapter and make notes to memorize and understand the key points. The human brain is incapable of incredible things, you can do it.

[@maryamfatima7569]

greetings to you sir, i wanted to ask that do we have to memorize the exact data of control group as well or just love group is fine?

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

A Levels can ask you for data from anywhere in the study.

[@yuuurrr9018]

I’m sorry wasn’t it 64 females and 39 males in experiment 2? Other than that the video was very helpful:)

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Yes you are correct.

[@rabiyaakhter8405]

Can you share notes for this chapter please

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Hello, I do not share my notes for free. If you'd like to purchase them you can email me at [e-mail]

[@uroojfatima7318]

hey, if a study all case studies by today will i get B grade , i havent started my studying yet

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

All the best :)

[@ainaakhlaq7957]

Why was there a risk of order effects in this study?

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Which part of the video says that?

[@fizanasir2585]

Ive a few questions... 1. How can participants start loving asparagaus bcz its bitter and food's taste basically makes you like it or dislike it so asparagus is still bitter even after implanting false memory? 2. Control group wasnt given the critical item in their food profiles then why did their asparagus liking rating increase slightly thou? 3. Can we round off the values and write them. Eg: instead of writing 20.8 average age, Can we write 21? 4. Some had belief or memory while others were sure that they didnt like Asparagus. Why the false memory implantation didnt worke on everyone in love group? This means the experiment may not work if used in daily applications? 5. Can we trick our brains by false memories ourselves too or it can be done just by others to us? Hope you'll reply :)

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Good questions: 1. If asparagus is bitter and people don't like it, then later they claim that they do like it, don't you think that just proves that false memories can be implanted and they can have an effect on our behaviour? - Also keep in mind, sometimes people change their preferences and tastes over time. For example, when I was younger I hated drinking anything with alcohol inside because alcohol has such a bitter taste to me, but as I got older, I enjoyed drinking some alcoholic drinks which are less bitter. Just because something is bitter, doesn't mean you cannot change your mind about it. 2. Imagine you are in the experiment, you are given the FHI scale with 24 different items. Not just asparagus, but you have to rate 24 different food items. Then after that you come back a week later and do the same scale. Do you think you would be able to remember the exact score you have every single one of the 24 items perfectly? I don't think I could do such a thing. And I don't expect the participants to either. Hence, there will definitely be some differences in the asparagus scores. This is perfectly acceptable and as we can see, the experimental group still scored higher which means the manipulation worked. This actually highlights how important it is to have a control group because sometimes other factors can affect result too. 3. Cambridge doesn't have a strict rule on this so I can't say for certain. Personally I will tell my students to memorise the exact value from the study. 4. If some people did not believe that just means the manipulation does not work on them for this experiment. This is perfectly normal. People are different from each other, and will respond differently to different things too. Some love asparagus, some do not. Some believe the manipulation, some do not. Therefore, in real life, we do not expect every single person on earth to be manipulated so easily by false memories. But as we can see in Laney's study, quite a lot of people are easily manipulated. So in general, people's memories are easy to manipulate. 5. Laney did not ask people to trick themselves, so I am not sure if it would work. I believe it might be possible but I haven't read any research or experiment about this. Rather than tricking yourself, I think this would be more towards just convincing yourself. For example, if you feel nervous before doing something, just repeat to yourself that "You can do it! You've done this before!" and you can "trick" (convince) yourself into feeling confident.

[@fizanasir2585]

@@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100 Oh okay Thankyou soo much this was really helpful and a kind gesture from you for giving your time. May your channel prosper 😊😊😊

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

@@fizanasir2585 Thank you, happy to help. Always nice to see students asking good questions :)

[@cookwithbysma]

Are control group and the nonbelievers same people?🥺

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Hello, No they are not. Non-believers are people who were supposed to be manipulated BUT did NOT believe in the manipulation (i.e. loving asparagus) Whereas the control group NEVER got the manipulation (so they had nothing to believe or disbelieve) ----------------------------------------------- If you would like to kindly donate towards my channel to keep it alive I would greatly appreciate that. You can donate via: a) Stripe: buy.stripe.com/14k2bK0AB1hm8qk4gg b) PayPal: paypal.me/magicross7 Thank you and God bless you :)

[@bangtanniemeow]

Experiment 2: 64 Female and 39 Male*

[@tahiyakarim9084]

this study has too much details compared to the other ones, im struggling to remember everything :(

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

You can do it :) The reason is simply because the human brain has no limit to it's memory capacity. You can remember how to speak your language, how to type, how to use technology, how to sing songs, and you most definitely can remember all the important details for your exam! Here are 3 tricks to use: a) Focus on the key points of each study. Sometimes I myself cannot memorize every single number, it's okay. Remember the important bits b) Visualise the study in your head. Imagine you are Laney and you are doing this experiment with your friends & family. Imagine them coming into a room and you running the experiment on them. Visualise it, and you will remember better. c) Lastly, do not try to force yourself to memorize all at one go, just digest the study in smaller bits and it will be easier to learn. I wish you all the best for your studies :)

[@BelowTheHeights]

A

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Yes?

[@maryamfatima4179]

Hate this study among all the 12 studies

[@cambridgea-levelspsycholog1100]

Its a bit complicated, but provides a very interesting look at human memory :)