I'm surprised you didn't say anything about colonialism, including Great Geographical discoveries. As we know, colonialism created a flow of colossal amounts of “valuables”, including gold, silver and much more. And playing the role of “Chief”/Ruler formed in people in metropolitan countries a complex of “greatness” ("white superiority/supremacy"). China never colonized “overseas” territories and was closed to its own. I think for the Industrial Revolution in GB particularly that was a very important factor.