Leonardo da Vinci's GENIUS invention - Miter Locks

[@SabinCivil]

If you liked this video please support us! You can enjoy the members only videos as well www.patreon.com/Sabins

[@uncommonsense8193]

While I appreciate all the work that went in to the production of this video, to me, there was left a big question. What about the sluice gates? How do they work, design etc...?

[@dhem-ln9ze]

Waitt... i read some article this concept are got inspiration from Chinese civilization.. the biggest and long human made canal are till here still in china..

[@arihuda8119]

Tgn

[@cagneybillingsley2165]

it's interesting that academia likes harping on his art and political patronage to the ruling families, his war machines and concept flying contraptions, but they never talk about his enduring practical and essential inventions we still use daily. it's almost like they want to relegate him to the past, instead of embracing his contributions to the level of einstein or newton, when in reality he contributed much more to how we live our everyday life than they did

[@superjeffstanton]

This is kids level yes?

[@saltyroe3179]

My dad did maintenance on the Panama canal and told me the motors to swing the lock gates were not powerful. He said the gates were so well balanced that a man could open and close them. The powerful unit was the mule engine that pulled the ship through the locks. The big maintenance item is keeping the upper part of the canal dedged

[@deontaywallaceescalade]

Cap. Back in the Panamá days. Your dad was the lead singer for the band "El Chombo", then he worked as a bodyguard for Gran Papi for a while.... Later on he became a stunt double in the 80's hit show miami vice.

[@pgamzyy]

@@deontaywallaceescalade bro did his research

[@ns6q333]

@@deontaywallaceescalade who was my dad

[@deontaywallaceescalade]

@@ns6q333 need some info on him firts, bro.

[@kbin7042]

@@deontaywallaceescalade LMAO Wtf

[@francesco5254]

I live near one of the canals that Leonardo designed in the 15th century. They still have dams placed where he wanted them to be. He was such a great genius.

[@tom3and3jerry5]

It's amazing how da Vinci stopped flow of water using its own pressure It works like a reverse aerodynamics.

[@johnziegelbauer4999]

Hydrodynamic

[@anishdesai7303]

Indus valley civilization of Dholavira In Gujrat, India It has the same port system invented in 3rd BCE...used to increase and decrease the amount of water and locking it in ports during tides. ✨ (Edit-A slight mistake It was Lothal which had water locking system in Port and Dholavira had water locking dam system for water Storage.)

[@nil1473]

@@anishdesai7303can u please post the link of the source information ,i want to know more... Unbelievable if it's true.. Thank you..

[@adamg2960]

The Chinese invented this same design in the Song dynasty in the 10th century, about 300 years before da Vinci was born. Just search up on China's Grand Canal, which still works to this day.

[@rich1051414]

@@adamg2960 China also invented water. Before that, everyone died of dehydration shortly after birth. They also invented lying about inventing everything.

[@stephenhill8790]

Used extensively in UK canals during the industrial revolution his idea turned into practical use and used in the Panama canal today, and still nothing as effective and simple to build (simple compared to rising and falling gates) he was an incredible man

[@adamg2960]

Bruh the Chinese invented this type of mitre lock about 300 years before da Vinci was born. It was used in China's Grand Canal. No idea why this channel is ignoring that.

[@Artyomthewalrus]

@@adamg2960 Because they didn't. The chinese invented the pound lock, they did not invent the mitre lock. That is, they were the fist to have a canal with two doors on either end of a chambre used to raise or lower the water level. The chinese used hanging gates 300 years before the birth of Da vinci, these were shown as the "old" gates in the video. The difference is that the mitre lock is a pound lock that uses.... a mitre gate. Saying the chinese invented the mitre lock is like saying the wright brothers invented the passenger jet. A jet is a type of plane, but a plane is not necessarily a jet. The wright brothers invented the plane, not the jet. (yes, there is a bit of dispute, some claim others had the first flight, but you get my point) Now, Da Vinci is not confirmed to be the inventor of the mitre lock. But most historians agree it originated from italy. Bertola da Novate is an italian engineer who is sometimes considered a contender for it's invention. There are no sources that give any reason to believe it was invented in china that I am aware of. If you have sources that give any reason to believe mitre gates were invented in china, please add them One unfortunate thing that may mislead people is that because miter gates are standard nowadays, most graphics depicting pound locks use mitre gates. This means if an article is writing about, lets say, the invention of pound gates, if they don't bother creating their own graphics they will likely simply reuse another graphic of how pound locks work that include miter locks. A good example is the wikipedia page for the Grand Canal. They use two graphics of pound locks utilizing miter gates to show how pound locks work. While these graphics give a good view of how pound locks work, they include features that were added hundreds of years later. These graphics are accurate to how the locks work on the Grand Canal work today, but not how they worked 300 years before da vinci. That canal was improved over the years

[@alicorn3924]

​@@adamg2960 holy crap, you got absolutely destroyed by Waldo himself

[@Voidi-Void]

​@@alicorn3924woe to the man waldo _wants_ to find him.

[@cxvxcbcxn]

​@@adamg2960god damn you got dunked on 😅

[@thomasjoyce7910]

Sluice valves are mentioned once but never explained. It's as if you think their particular design mechanism is too obvious to explain. But how do they stay watertight? If they are part of the gates, how are they opened from the canal bank? Opening them against strong water pressure must be difficult too. If not, why not?

[@rohannampalliwar4526]

Everything has been explained in this video bro.

[@topazokenni4869]

@@rohannampalliwar4526 what he ask was, what is the machanism of sluice valve (1:40) and how can sluice valve can be opened while inside the water?

[@GemulChannel]

@@rohannampalliwar4526 except the sluice valve. How does it work?

[@rohannampalliwar4526]

@@GemulChannel Forget about the sluice valves. Here's another way to level the water. kzbin.info/www/bejne/qpe6qnWwasd7oJo

[@uncommonsense8193]

Thank you, I had the exact same question.

[@joeyjo2225]

The veins in our body also have these valves to prevent the blood from flowing back o the organ

[@SabinCivil]

Yah, a very similar valve is there in the human heart. I should have included it.

[@ologhai8559]

maybe that's how Leo came with this idea. You know he was into human anatomy too.

[@SALESENGLISH2020]

Great Video, superb animation and narration. It is amazing to think how the geniuses come up with such great designs and many engineers perfect it over time.

[@SabinCivil]

Thank you for your kind words!

[@chaalakchatur8533]

@@SabinCivil was the warping problem experiences by engineers here

[@kraptastic333]

@@chaalakchatur8533 warping? Is the material of the gate inconsistent?

[@grigorescustelian6012]

"Have you ever noticed why the Panama lock gates have narrow edges?" Yes, I always wonder that when I cross the oceans daily on my way to work.

[@NEEDSHES]

😂😂😂

[@rand49er]

I was already to comment about the difficulty in how the two gates meet in the middle when closing, but the step at the bottom solves that. Brilliant!

[@champadevi2581]

Yes such a genius design

[@book_roblox]

Bro was just on creative mode

[@ijustwanttocomment9286]

You've been such a great educator over the years, it's time to give something back so you can keep teaching others into the future

[@MissesWitch]

I just randomly came across this channel with this first video. It seems like those simple informative videos that were made in the early 2000's that I was shown as a kid, It is much appreciated!

[@someshyv]

Lesics as a channel is so damn underrated

[@WuppertalerWanderWade]

I think. with 6+ million subscribers, this channel is not "damn underrated" (If that's what you meant?)

[@someshyv]

@@WuppertalerWanderWade Deserves more views TBH

[@WuppertalerWanderWade]

@@someshyv Indeed

[@eidodoos]

he mean this channel should be in billboard, tv, radio, tv news

[@noelchristian8373]

@@eidodoos sadly on these kind of platforms everything is filled with entertainment not knowledgeable stuffs!

[@alf3071]

What prevents leakage at the hinges?

[@steveholmes11]

Nothing really, except well designed components. A certain amount of leakage is acceptable in most canal systems.

[@Luis-gz3oo]

The hinges are placed into the wall, so the wall at the sides prevents leakage

[@iuer4643]

no leakage would mean overflow of the river

[@Luis-gz3oo]

@@iuer4643 true, although the Panama canal uses pipes to transport excess water to a reservoir they can use to pump water into the chambers for future use

[@Espartanica]

My dad

[@samacvuk]

Dude was smurffing life itself

[@TeleportsBehindYou]

What about water leakage at the hinge posts? Do those have the same type of step as the ground?

[@tilak09]

They automatically get sealed like the middle V as the doors in our house do... or by cementing it (maybe solidifying earth at Leo's times)

[@herrakaarme]

@@tilak09 They would use cement in da Vinci's times as well. Why wouldn't they?

[@ReflectedMiles]

I have been around miter lock operations most of my life and have yet to see one that is watertight, no matter the level on the upstream side. It is theoretically possible, of course, with the right sealing materials installed, but in practice, that free joint in the middle is not constructed _that_ perfectly no matter how much pressure is applied. The leakage is generally not significant, so it is still the most useful design, but It is a very different construction type than, say, a precision airlock on a space capsule.

[@genesmolko8113]

I was a tow boat deckhand, can confirm. The joint is always leaking water, just not enough to cause an issue.

[@kozhikkaalan]

I drove by a canal once and I cannot confirm or deny any of this

[@newagain9964]

I used to be a miter lock door. I will not confirm or deny the claim at this time. I will be contacting a lawyer for assistance. 😛

[@domesday1535]

yeah watertight is a bit of a superfluous detail. truly watertight mostly comes down to a matter of maintenance since a soft rubber could seal completely but would require regular replacement since every time the join flexes under the pressure cracking and wear also grows in the material. The real trick is that the pressure on that joint is able to be so large you can use quite hard materials as the seal (such as steel or other metals) which have much more favourable wear characteristics compared to most water sealing materials. The pressure also helps to reduce tolerances for things like squareness of the two doors and surface roughness at the joint (though they do still have a pretty tight tolerance for straightness at the meeting edge and parallelness of the two meeting faces) In leonardo's time of course they didn't have so many options for materials and the only options for a water seal for that use case would have been wood or a soft metal like copper which means high pressure joints were the only option available to stop a notable leak. Nowadays most locks play with the wiggle room that a small leak is perfectly tolerable in their use case and so they leverage that to reduce maintenance costs meaning most do still let some water through

[@AllenBaby7]

I am the water leaking through the locks and I approve this message

[@doodskie999]

Thank you for this amazing demo I finally know how they seal the bottom. It always bothered me how they seal the bottom

[@Sierra7329]

OMG I saw this when I was studying in Scotland. I was fascinated by it and to know that this creation was hundreds of years old is astonishing

[@jsveiga]

The sealing of the miter joint and the bottom is explained, but what about the sealing between the hinged edges and the walls?

[@MrObble]

I was wondering how you make a seal around the hinge that rotates? Is it rubbing against the edge all the time?

[@mayanksharma7788]

I was also thinking exactly the same.

[@sidismo2903]

So in addition to being a ninja, he also designed the Panama Canal gates. Damn, this turtle be putting humans to shame.

[@rcechomusic]

Why doesnt Leonardo da Vinci make a youtube channel he seems like a smart guy

[@TeddyKrimsony]

and how do you prevent leakage at the sluice valves and how do you control them

[@DrZygote214]

Exactly. And the gate hinges too, don't understand how those don't leak.

[@-ZM_Gaming-]

Leak is negligible

[@ioye-m4d]

​@@DrZygote214 watch the video maybe ?

[@CancellerPalpatine]

​I would assume they just missed the part where leakage was negligible. No reason to be snarky. ​@@ioye-m4d

[@mojus2890]

You see this title format a lot, I wonder how much Leonardo da Vinci actually ended up changing history.

[@aakashkale2626]

What about the leakage on both the edges of the gate and how do they prevent ??

[@stephenhill8790]

The leaking is easy to compensate for in any canal or waterways

[@bobabooey4537]

I agree with the person in comments who already said this - "Great Video, superb animation and narration".

[@problyNotJava]

i like how clearly it's presented and explained

[@benmcreynolds8581]

I love when something in a clever way is created to work with the forces & situations it's naturally going to experience & battle against.

[@juliantotriwijaya9208]

Question, you miss something, how do you open the sloose gate and close it again once the water at equal height? What if the water was too deep? Do the operator has to dive to close the small sloose door again? I'm asking about the manual medieval version.

[@charlieross-BRM]

I've lived in several places along the Trent-Severn Waterway in Ontario, Canada. I can walk to one of them in 5 minutes. Most of those locks operate on these same principles, taking into account modernization of machinery and maintenance. It is a 386 km route with 45 locks. Also it's through some of the prettiest scenery available in central Ontario. The same can be said for the Rideau Canal system locations. That one is just over 200 km in total, using 29 locks. Because they are no longer of use by commercial boating, and are for recreational boating, the staff are super accommodating to explain how everything works. It's simpler than I first imagined. Brilliant use of the water to do the work.

[@meanieweeny4765]

0:03 point down

[@ภรัณยูพึ่งกันไทย]

Cooollll, the graphic and explanation is so easy to follow through and understand!! Thanks so much!! :)

[@rursus8354]

You don't need to go to the Panama canal to see this. The nearest modern style canal will suffice. Here in Sweden some 10 km:s north of me, we have Göta canal: only a minor tourist canal, indeed, but every lock is of this type.

[@patcom1013]

This was great to watch and da Vinci was certainly a gifted artist, engineer, etc. During the video I got a memory trigger of something else that always intrigued me in terms of achieving a water-tight seal in order to hold back a large body of water. That is, the door/seal system on a dock, or dry-dock, to be precise. We've all seen a picture of a vessel in a dry-dock under construction, or in for maintenance, cleaning, etc. Here, the fluid dynamics seem in contrast to that of a river flow, pushing against the angled gate faces, using the flow force to achieve the seal (as shown in the video). Instead, the sea is 'flat' against the dock gate. How is this achieved safely and reliably, anyone? Thanks.

[@Platinum_Producer]

I subbed, i found this amazingly educational despite me being an ADHD person, i understood it very easily, with the clear, 3D models.

[@Immortal_BP]

are we not gonna talk about the absolute giant human beings on the front of the freight ship? they are as tall as a house

[@rzasian]

How were the sluice valves opened from land in Leonardo’s model? Or did someone have to go down into the river area to manually open them?

[@drworm5007]

And why didn't they leak, seeing as the video already stated that was a problem for this type of mechanism?

[@AK-rx6hv]

I was wondering the exact same thing, he just quickly glanced through that part. The same hydrostatic pressures that would make it impossible to open the doors would also make it impossible to open the valves?

[@daianpeter5089]

Amazing. Just one question. What about the point between the gate and the wall? how is that water tight?

[@Omlet221]

How is water tightness achieved around the hinges of the gate? Is it similar to the bottom?

[@williamburroughs9686]

Leonardo da Vinci was a genus. I can be creative, but he takes it to a whole new level. Practical thinking. Did you know that he even made the first robot? It was like a car that would wind up. He could program it do a set of commands as it moved along. Simple pre-loaded commands like. Going down 50 feet. Turn right and go down 20 and so on. He used ropes that were cut to lengths that would correspond with the distance he wanted it to move. It was all fascinating.

[@PersioCatto]

This video answer so many questions I never asked 👍

[@DerMannDerSeineMutterwar]

It's used in Northern Germany, Danmark and the Netherland in the creation of new lamd from the sea. Your main problem when living under the sea level is what you do with rain water since it can't flow out. It's possible though with the tidal range with this doors you let the water flow out in ebb and stop the water when it flows back when the flood comes. It's also the way to get the land dry in the first place.

[@hikammahranhakim4439]

Davinci was a person who wake up to early at 3 am when everybody still asleep

[@98cents]

It's so interesting when people find ways to use natural forces against itself. There was a relatively new invention just recently, it's basically a sturdy piece of plastic shape like an L, long end face down, so when water goes over it, the weight of the water will push the long side down, forcing the shorter end to stay up and using gravity to create a very strong barrier for water. They use it as an emergency barrier to block areas from flooding, since they stack nicely and are easy to deploy, like traffic cones. Better than sandbags, and at a fraction of the weight, plus much less time spent setting it up instead of digging a ditch or piling dirt.

[@steadywatching7564]

0:25 TWO V-shaped gates? How about no

[@GTTB-227]

Why not?

[@TheBenNZ]

Very cool. Thanks for explaining this 😊

[@veenzbjorn8284]

currently watching this at 3am in the morning. i enjoyed it, but idk when ill use it haha

[@nugenki]

My mind was blown so many times. I paused to try to think of a solution, but nothing as clever.

[@happybuggy1582]

I’m not surprised Jk

[@nugenki]

@@happybuggy1582 haha, not too far off though

[@stargazeronesixseven]

Leonardo da Vinci >>> Genius Artist & Scientist ... 🌷🌿🌏💜🕊🇮🇹

[@buddy_love]

Seeing the locks be a one man operation was great. Science!

[@jockellis]

The machine shop where I do NDT supplied the Corp of Engineers with HUGE gears and transmissions for a dam in Kentucky. A lot of work when into them.

[@rphb5870]

simple yet brilliant. Unfortunately I don't think we can have renaissance men like Leonardo anymore, as the human knowledge have become so great, that no single human can know it all

[@pyropulseIXXI]

NO, it is possible; you have fallen into the trap of thinking that you must hyperspecialize. You could easily become an engineer that researches physics that paints masterful paintings and makes life like sculptures. I, for one, have taught myself a bunch of musical instruments, drawing and painting, and physics & mathematics Sounds like you just want an excuse to not try to become a master of such things

[@rphb5870]

@@pyropulseIXXI what I am saying is that it is impossible to be a master of all. One can be a master of one thing and good of many, but the world is so complex now that we need to specialise if we want to truly master anything, and only the brightest of the bright can even do that

[@siraethelwulf8914]

Neither was Leonardo master of all. What made Leonardo different is that he was not yet subject to the division of labor and hyperspecialization that now governs society. His intellectual ability was that of similar people in his position. Polymaths weren't that uncommon during the peak of the Italian Renaissance as the Nobility, the Church and Merchants were all in constant struggle to control society and thus neither ultimately controlled it fully. This allowed sufficiently wealthy people to study and practice as they saw fit or needed rather than prostitute themselves to one particular task for the benefit of one of these sectors for the rest of their lives. We could have Renaissance men again without much issue, the point of technology and knowledge is that it ultimately makes people more productive than the generations prior. You don't need to reinvent the gear or deduce Archimedes' law from scratch. Leonardo took a lifetime to reach his peak in art and material science because he had to collect that knowledge through experience and collecting rare books. Nowadays it only takes a few years for someone to match him, granted one has the resources, time and access to knowledge to do it, which is rare. The promise of the industrial revolution and the Renaissance were that. No longer would you have to dedicate most of your life to tending to your crops as a peasant or serving your guild master as an apprentice. Mechanization would mean less work hours and more studying to improve society further. Unfortunately, the rulers simply saw mechanization as a way to make their lifestyle cheaper and more plentiful.

[@rphb5870]

@@siraethelwulf8914 I am not sure completely what thy point is. Was it that powers were divided between multiple factions back then and today its not? Because we may call them something else but it is still basically the nobility (old money) the merchant (new money) and the church (moral crusaders) who are in charge. Is it that there aren't people with the resources to just dedicate their lives to studying different subjects, because we have plenty of that. We don't even have to be rich anymore. Its just, most choose to spend their leisure time watching tv or writing dumb comments on youtube (I am referring mostly to myself here) then they are to pushing the boundaries of human knowledge. Because that is why I think we can't have polymaths anymore, a polymath is someone who is an expert, someone who have contributed something important to human knowledge in several fields. A Renaissance man is different from being a jack of all trade, because a Renaissance man is a master in many crafts, while a jack of all trades are competent in many but master in none

[@HaiHoo-rk3ex]

maybe he was reincarnated into someone brilliant in industrial era, for example Einstein or Tesla?

[@RohitPatil-gd3kc]

Thanks

[@Deplorable0698]

I travel the Trent/Severn waterways each summer . This was built in between 1830 and 1901 . They still use this style of gate. They can leak on occasion but solid. They change out the timbers when needed ,but really an amazing feat of engineering

[@spookykitty2327]

something not mentioned, the valves are also watertight for the same reason. they are just much smaller than the gate, so it is much easier to open with just one person.

[@LeoStaley]

Just when I thought I had heard of all of da Vinci's genius inventions.

[@bruhzzer]

this is the first video ever to fit my screen

[@BattlewarPenguin]

The most beautiful thing of it is the simplicity of the system

[@danoseus]

So smart ! My mind is blown

[@szymonrozanski6938]

It takes a single person to invent. But it takes a monumental power to implement.

[@Kalpit147]

Why did you stop uploading on your Sabins channel? Your inductor video really helped me visualise the concept when it was taught in class.

[@joesomebody3365]

Cool engineering, had never heard of miter locks before this.

[@ludwigvannormayenn8657]

great mechanics, great explanation, thank you :D

[@Mcthindi]

This is really nice explanation

[@jonlannister345]

Got to see one in action recently. Very cool

[@manishankargunturu7626]

Thanks for improving our knowledge

[@TheTawniest]

Great explainer. You mentioned the sluice doors but then nothing more on them, though. How do they open, close, not leak?

[@purnabharvada1158]

So, the older design worked against gravity. Da Vinci's design works against H2O friction.

[@jackalexandroff4550]

I love the animation so much. Its so janky but so complex. Who made this?!

[@theastuteangler]

I live near two major lock systems in North America and visit them often. Can confirm that there is some leakage, it is not a perfect seal.

[@raguram9343]

But it's negligible

[@theastuteangler]

@@raguram9343 true

[@satyaprakash03133]

You should come up with an animation of Reaction Ferry and how it works. Most of the Indians have no idea about it!

[@DavidLawrenceDaley]

This is so awesome and simple

[@loodymaster]

this feels like a training video for a balance beam pusher

[@hruaitearalte]

That game style animation is quite pleasing to watch 😊

[@robert_costello]

Thank you for this great video! 👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼

[@trollmarlo]

Woww, this is an detailed video, loved your efforts

[@gaiadrazer]

I Iike how the video explain the entire science behind the gate. But the one thing that i have been wondering the whole time.... How did they brake a boat back in those days?

[@harishwala5882]

Hello from India 🇮🇳. My son's name is Vinci, based in US.

[@lgarcia67]

Amazing that in the 21st century we are using a concept designed by this genius centuries ago.

[@nicolasreinaldet732]

I mean if it is not broken dont fix it.

[@Woodrow512]

Water tight joints are the best ones, you can smoke even when it's raining

[@Rs_-Wars]

Where I used to live there was a canel with manual ones, never knew they were designed by da Vinci

[@PrecioustheMovie1]

I’m glad I learned that, thanks

[@beautyoftheworld9865]

Fun fact: The reason why he was able to built this was because he was an engineer, a military engineer. He work as a military engineer for over 17 years

[@fkl770]

we have these everywhere in the UK our country if full of Victorian canals in Liverpool there is loads of them near the old tobacco warehouse

[@narf0339]

why water level differ ? do ships travelling on above sea level ?

[@Gr1g0ry]

This video is incredible!

[@EditWaveProductions69]

Can you make a video about how railgun works

[@pavmx703]

Just goes to show, just because they lived long ago, doesn't mean they were stupid. That lesson applies to the founders of America as well. So many think they know better because they were born later.

[@MaryTesse]

We owe so much to Leonardo da Vinci

[@coruscant5-dcitymovies980]

I love you. I love you in every universe. It's not that I don't want to care or want someone to care for me. I'm just...In the grand calculus of the universe, my life is worth less than the millions still living.

[@johnmcdonald7644]

You good bro?

[@countingstars8623]

@@johnmcdonald7644 looks like he ain't 😅

[@uberubermensch]

I think it would be the grand "calculation" of the universe. But do the ven diagram, you are also a part of the millions still living, so you put yourself in the awkward math situation of your life worth in a contradictory position. By living, you have a worth by the very nature. ipsofacto.

[@bananaman5590]

Da Vinci was incredible, but let’s not forget the incredible engineers the keep working in the design. Making the doors more buoyant is genius in itself, along with the gear mechanism. It’s a both a shame and a gift to have Da Vinci be born before the modern day. He could have done so much with technology today, but at the same time we get to see how brilliance transcends time

[@HaiHoo-rk3ex]

maybe he was reincarnated into someone brilliant in industrial era, for example Einstein or Tesla?

[@CharlesLechmere_the_Ripper]

Amazing combination between visualization and commentary! Very well done! You just got an other sub😊

[@juliocarrillo7329]

great video i´m from Panama 👍

[@SevenDeMagnus]

Coolness, thank sir Da Vinci. God bless you.

[@notpresentplace7449]

how was the water kept from leaking out the sides and through the hinges? Great vid btw

[@ElAsombrosoPachus]

But you said it had small gates in the lower part, so that water could drain. How are those operated?

[@Ye7ia07]

slavery

[@jacobLan]

It's helpful for me, thanks.

[@argonauteathenae7182]

Thank you, youtube recommendation. I subscribe

[@ErikaCrist7749]

Amazing video, totally got me subscribed