Let’s make TeO2 glass with bright fluorescence

[@ExtractionsAndIre]

Music in this video is by the artist Void: agardenofsound.bandcamp.com/album/the-hitchhikers-guide-to-the-galaxy

[@ho0t0w1]

The music is always top notch. That spoon however...

[@LingvaFestivalo]

The music is awesome!

[@mfanto1]

Want to make some superfest glass?

[@pvtbadtouch6540]

The music was great

[@ejstacey]

picked up the ep cause of this vid. thanks mate!

[@sophiagwen]

"we're at the end of May" -- Tom, in August

[@nunyabisnass1141]

Their calenders run backwards to match the seasons.

[@129140163]

@@nunyabisnass1141😂😂😂

[@jimsvideos7201]

Everyone talks about photons but forgets about darkness; that is carried by subatomic wave-like particles called photoffs.

[@PrepareToDie0]

@@jimsvideos7201 speed of light? Pfff... What about speed of dark

[@aetius31]

And also the elusive Fuckoff particles also known as dark matter.

[@CreativelyTrash]

Needed that today thanks lmao​@@aetius31

[@sarodimin]

Thanks dad.

[@Sniperboy5551]

There are also jerkoffs, but they have nothing to do with physics as far as I’m aware

[@pyromen321]

It’s absolutely hilarious that you managed to find discover a beautiful, white powder that turns yellow when lonely.

[@NickiRusin]

just like him

[@StonedtotheBones13]

Could that have been a reaction with the aluminum foil?

[@DanielCook-h6r]

I love this PHD guy's commitment to standing directly in front of the GL in GLASS to spell out ASS.

[@mathdonuts7007]

>goes to opensauce >comes back >everything's yellow you can't even make this shit up sometimes

[@ericisbananaman]

He should write a song about it being all yellow.

[@emilpersidski]

​@@ericisbananaman Coldplay?

[@polarknight5376]

​@@emilpersidskiI'd say the song by Yoh Kamiyama fits better. Jubyphonic did a pretty good English cover of it that kinda gets a similar meaning across.

[@IndianaJoe3]

@@ericisbananaman Travelling Wilburys

[@ericisbananaman]

@@IndianaJoe3 all of the above!

[@RiehlScience]

When I think of Tellurium, I think of that hilarious story about the Australian mining town (Kalgoorlie) who accidentally built their town out of gold telluride ore. They thought it was fool’s gold.

[@LordDragox412]

It was fool's gold. But literally.

[@tyttuut]

Fool's fool's gold

[@missglucktesbartierchen4143]

That story is fucking bonkers. I know which rabbit hole I'm going to fall into tonight😮

[@seanb3516]

Recent Advances have made processing Gold Tellurides much easier. Now, after a month of several different chemical treatments, the ore is ready for months of Cyanidation. And yes, this is a MUCH easier and faster process than used in the past. I hate gold tellurides. Except for the gold.

[@guytech7310]

Were the streets paved with Gold?

[@raideurng2508]

"Photons are real" That is a dangerous rabbit hole....

[@Auroral_Anomaly]

Photons do not exist in their own rest frame, because their rest frame does not exist.

[@missglucktesbartierchen4143]

That's what THEY want you to think! owo

[@eaglgenes101]

Photons are an abstraction within the best model of reality we have

[@anttikangasvieri1361]

@@raideurng2508 everything has infinity of equivalent interpretations, nothing is real. It is just math all the way down.

[@Alfred-Neuman]

If I understand correctly Phonons are just like God, they really do exists concretely! ⁽ᵃˢ ᵃ ᵗʰᵒᵘᵍʰᵗ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢ⁾

[@thethoughtemporium]

I wonder if the reason tellurium's chemistry is so weird is that it has 8 stable isotopes, with a 10 neutron difference between the lightest and heaviest. Might mess with the orbitals and stuff? I dunno.

[@JustinAlexanderBell]

Chemistry is bullshit like that.

[@stevenseta5312]

It has d orbitals which are close in energy to its valence orbitals. It could just be the result of how many bonds it can form with other species.

[@RaunienTheFirst]

It won't mess with the orbitals, but heavier isotopes have different kinetics. Although a difference of 10 is very small compared to the total mass, so it won't have much effect. Like the other commenter said, it's more to do with how close the orbitals are to each other, which is more related to the high charge of the nucleus and sheer number of orbitals than anything to do with mass. d-orbitals are WEIRD. In short: atomic mass can affect kinetics, bond strengths, bond vibrational modes etc, but it doesn't affect the orbitals, which control the types and number of bonds an element forms

[@avishaishitrit6371]

I think the problem is that tellurium is stinky and other things dont like it

[@ljvob]

i absolutely love your videos and they are so informative

[@sammccardalkilby]

"Barely ever rains here" **Rain almost sabotages every step of the project**

[@flyinfilm90]

😂😂😂

[@ikthranithul6000]

"once again that's a job for the microwave furnace" Chemistry at its finest.

[@Alfred-Neuman]

Fun fact: Did you know that Europium was named after a continent named "Europe"?

[@ikthranithul6000]

@@Alfred-Neuman I'm more of a thorium kinda guy myself, i believe the name is as self explanatory as europium.

[@liamosuilleabhain9965]

The chemist sitting in the corner of the rave is often more responsible for the overall vibe than the DJ.

[@jacobwhipple7848]

"All I need is a place to cooook"

[@NihilisticRealism]

great observation

[@n3ffo]

Creating love, but receiving none

[@ericlajoie8028]

The manufacture never, i repeat NEVER goes to a place were the product is used.....Imagine being this utterly ignorant LMAO

[@nickna694]

@@ericlajoie8028 Projection and Lie, you act like murders never return to scene of crime

[@rikkoningen3992]

Hey I can explain why the torch strobes! Basically all flashlights and similar objects use the same exact off the shelf control chip to do shit like "make it so you can have a button that turns the thing on and off" At some point the standard chip became one that does that strobing thing and it is in fucking everything for some reason. Some reason being they're very plug and play, consistent, functional, boring shit like that. Basically it means that instead of thinking about control circuits the makers of that torch simply bought an existing design.

[@magneticsnail7218]

Doesn't it also help in flashlights to work as a distress signal? The strobing is eye catching

[@ignaloidas]

​@@magneticsnail7218 not that useful unless you want to signal people in UV in this case

[@nexaentertainment2764]

Yeah only the more expensive flashlights tend to have custom modes. Or even just UXs that don't suck. Cheap lights all use the same shitty controllers that are mostly; hi lo strobe. Sometimes you might get a medium or an SOS! I've seen so many one button UIs that do it better but for some reason the cheap ones are all trash. E; also if it works, it works. It drives the LEDs, and its cheap. It's stupid, but hey, cheap is cheap. There's a reason the more expensive ones are the ones with different controllers/UIs

[@jerrycornelius5986]

Yeah so you have to cycle through all the modes every time when you only want off and on.

[@Lizlodude]

I have a personal beef with the manufacturers of both that 'flashlight chip' and the 'BT device chip'. If they would have just had the button be held for a moment to change modes, and have the headphones say the battery state when they turn on, that would be awesome. My favorite flashlight has that role mostly because the modes actually make any sense. Also can we just disable the redial feature on BT headphones? I have never once wanted to do that. That's more a complaint with the OS though.

[@detalex7132]

Today on E&I: Microwaving exotic sands (again) and asking "Is a thought an object?"

[@yakacm]

Can we just take a moment to appreciate the longevity of rave? I'm 60 in a couple of months and me and my mates were mad for the rave back in the day. Although I needed to take a portable DVD player with me when I went to the rave, so I could watch my chemistry videos. Rave is also the reason I can't remember anything that happened after 1988, well not so much rave as the drugs really.

[@PogOrDog]

Godspeed mate

[@missglucktesbartierchen4143]

Another Ketamine W

[@Xsiondu]

Ohh yeah damn I'm getting older too.... But Rave was great.

[@weedfreer]

@@missglucktesbartierchen4143yeah, nah. That’ld have been pure rocks of free-base, speed, cocaine, or MDMA. Ket was more of a 00s thing

[@dappermonke]

Mmmmm, rave drugs. My favorite.

[@JoranGroothengel]

"In the early 1920s, Thomas Midgley Jr. found tellurium prevented engine knocking when added to fuel, but ruled it out due to the difficult-to-eradicate smell. Midgley went on to discover and popularize the use of tetraethyl lead.[35]" WTF, we could have had cars that smelled like garlic(?) and instead fucking Midgley decided to just give everybody lead poisoning.

[@charlesurrea1451]

"Then I am going to get stinky" Mate, no one's going to know the difference!

[@ExtractionsAndIre]

The garlic smell might make me more appealing than normal maybe!

[@n0tthemessiah]

@@ExtractionsAndIre Is it fluorescent garlic?

[@joshmyer9]

​@@n0tthemessiahNow that you mention it, I'm pretty sure "fluorescent garlic" is exactly what Wario smells like.

[@gsuberland]

"Are Phonons Real?" - the greatest thread in the history of KZbin comments, locked by Tom after 12,239 pages of heated debate.

[@SportyMabamba]

In this essay I will…

[@TheFirstGhirn]

"How hard can that be" is a phrase I always end up regretting.

[@anttikangasvieri1361]

We did not because it was easy but because we thought it would be easy.

[@edgeeffect]

About 27 on Mohs scale!!!

[@NickiRusin]

​@@edgeeffectlmao

[@dooleve]

Tellurium can be added to metal stock to make it easier to machine. Copper is quite soft, so it tends to be difficult to machine. Cutters tend to dig into the metal, making large chunks rather than small chips. Tellurium is brittle enough that adding a small amount (0.5%) will cause the resulting alloy to break off in small chips, improving the surface finish and ease of machining. I recently bought some and have been turning it, and it does machine very nicely. It's copper alloy C145.

[@Azimuth-l8n]

Another day in the life of the most sane Australian.

[@BromTeque]

I think MrGreenGuy is a lot saner.

[@anttikangasvieri1361]

Could we find saner Australian? Maybe. But why? I like this one.

[@Sniperboy5551]

His collab with Cold Ones was amazing. I’ve always wanted to visit Oz, I think I’d fit in swimmingly.

[@Lizlodude]

@@anttikangasvieri1361 I'm not sure if he's saner, but DankPods is definitely louder 😅

[@akosv96]

More like a Russian day

[@wouldntyaliktono]

This channel is great because it's like seeing a slightly different camera angle on the same descent into madness.

[@orange-micro-fiber9740]

"How often do you think about tellurium" - Well, I had a job working with bismuth telluride thermo electric coolers, so often enough.

[@AudreyAzura]

Same boat as you, I did my PhD on CdTe QDs in ZnTe and then worked for a time on solar cells. I thought about tellurium a lot for about 5 years of my life 😂

[@nitroflux_o1040]

Cool! 🙂

[@stevenjean6060]

Now that Kia has come out with the Telluride SUV in the US, I think about it at least every time I get passed by one.

[@HiwasseeRiver]

I worked in a copper refinery. The Se&Te reported to a byproduct of the electrolytic cells called slimes. Slimes contained all the precious metals, Se/Te and Cu. The slimes were pyro processed (NaNO3& NaCO3 + hell fire) and separated into dore' silver (contained all the Ag/Au and Pt group), slag and a red mud we recovered from the off gases. The red mud was said to contain the Te. The Se&Te went off to a department called Se/Te and the Se/Te were refined. Mostly we made product forms that were easy to use in steel alloy production and some super high purity forms for niche markets. A massive amount was processed into medium grade crap that went into a warehouse in case an application arose "someday" Mostly the warehouse helped the company avoid disposal cost of this less-than-worthless material. People did get exposed, not all exposed people got stinky. Those that did acquire the stank were never cured. My job took me all over the plant. I hated Se/Te, mostly I hated the SO2 used to process the stuff. Congrats on the result.

[@ExtractionsAndIre]

Yes everyone waits for the Te price to rise… any day now… we might actually need more of it someday… Thanks for sharing mate!

[@CPU9incarnate]

Would EDTA chelation work as a cure?

[@bromisovalum8417]

@@CPU9incarnate I doubt it

[@BobWidlefish]

Key tools to be a chemist: 1. Aluminum foil. 2. Saran Wrap. 3. Plastic spoons. 4. Coffee filters. 5. Coffee grinder. 6. Blender. 7. Cooking hot plate. 8. Microwave. 9. Access to Home Depot. Did I miss anything big?

[@RiehlScience]

Yep, that perfectly sums it up

[@AnonymousAnarchist2]

Saftey gear. Gloves, goggles emergency gas mask, and a safe place to work

[@John-ir2zf]

Ehhhhh...that craps for professionals ! Who wants to live forever anyway ??😂​@AnonymousAnarchist2

[@BobWidlefish]

@@AnonymousAnarchist2 my garden shed doesn’t have enough room for gloves and safety glasses. :( Shout out to my fellow anarchist though - Rothbard FTW!

[@theterribleanimator1793]

Jam jars for beakers, vinyl tubing for toxic gasses like sulfur dioxide and chlorine, moms hairdryer, the kitchen sink.

[@bbrockert]

One of my favorite things about back yard chemistry videos is how often people incidentally make the most hazardous rocket oxidizer in common use, that most career rocket people have never seen in person.

[@haggisllama2630]

as a layperson, what is the oxidizer you mean?

[@bbrockert]

The brown gas, nitrogen dioxide. If you cool it a bit it turns into nitrogen tetroxide, which is a common oxidizer for bipropellant hypergolic (self-igniting) rocket engines, usually used with some kind of hydrazine. If you've seen any recent press about astronauts stranded on the space station, it's because nitrogen dioxide has been damaging the seals on their thrusters and it isn't clear if they will keep working.

[@JPaterson8942]

​@@bbrockert According to Google, I make nitrogen dioxide when I put (cadmium and/or nickel plated) copper in the sulfuric acid at work. Is this true and am I allowed to freak my coworkers out with this knowledge?

[@nunyabisnass1141]

​@@bbrockertthe manufacturer used the wrong kind of rubber didn't they...

[@GrimReaping]

​@@bbrockertI accidentally make it every time I start my truck

[@MrLargePig]

I haven't watched all your content, by any means, but this is the first time I've seen you do exactly what you said you would. Beautiful fluorescence, and a control group! Bravo, Doc!

[@msachin4885]

My favourite part about extractions and ire videos is going to the comments to see triple PhDs in tellurium chemistry who I'm quite sure no one knows exists make jokes about random trivia they picked up during their time getting their PhDs

[@CRneu]

youtube comments are a wild place. I work in semiconductor manufacturing and research so I watch some of those videos and it's wild the people who randomly reply in the comments. I'm talking research fellows in academia and folks who work for Intel/AMD coming out of the woodwork. It's pretty funny but also really shows how passionate people can be about niche topics.

[@DigitalJedi]

​@CRneu I'm one of those guys! I know I'm all over the comments of videos from High Yield and Gamers Nexus as I've been a source for both of then now, but usually If I'm talking about semiconductor online, it's having redditors tell me I have no idea what I'm talking about.

[@emmanueleferrarotto2986]

Being a fan of Tom's "experiments" and explanations AND being a chemist myself (also with a PhD but from actual Germany ^^) i am always hyped to find a new video and see what goes more or less wrong this time ^^ Keep it up man EDIT: Just looked it up: TeO2 has indeed 2 different phases which can be found in nature as well: Paratelurite (the alpha-phase) is white and Telurite (the beta-phase) is actually yellow. Most likely this colorchange occurs because of a change in crystal structure from tetragonal to orthorombic.

[@geoffbeyrent6950]

Shoutout to whoever is producing the soundtrack. Really dig it

[@garethjones4742]

Called void. Tom left a link in comments

[@geoffbeyrent6950]

@@garethjones4742 yep, but who is Void? My point exactly...

[@ho0t0w1]

Oh my God I've absolutely watched Tom and Nile's videos at parties some would consider a rave at Yasgurs Farm where Woodstock was WHILE WORKING SECURITY, I feel seen!

[@Muonium1]

If you guys have interest in glass fluorescence I'd suggest hitting up the nearest antique store with a good 365nm light. Besides the obvious brilliant bright nuclear green of uranium glass, there is cerium in many modern glass tumblers that makes them glow bright sky blue, the lead in lead "crystal" (actually just glass) will make it glow faint blue under shortwave UV, the cadmium in red and yellow glasses will fluoresce an incredible vibrant orange yellow, the manganese in many clear glasses will cause it to fluoresce pale yellow green and it will even phosphoresce orange for a split second, and the selenium in some blue or pink glasses will glow a faint hot pink color. The company "smart elements" produces a variety of single element doped fluorescent glasses for calibration and educational purposes.

[@ricetherad3482]

The funky gloopy techno music is what i live for

[@Regi572]

"100% zinc oxide. 'Keep out of reach of children.' You know, the children and their zinc oxide, you know. They go nuts for it." -Extractions&Ire, 2024 23:00

[@blahsomethingclever]

Tellurium is my favorite element! It's the smell of space and the cosmos. The moon, Mars, space itself, asteroids etc all smell like rotting garbage:) See, the reason Te is so rare is that it loves to form tellurium hydride, a gas that left the early atmosphere of earth. Since its stink is so potent and it's still present on other solar bodies, they would smell like rotten garbage. The moon astronauts even reported a 'gunpowder and rotting garbage smell'. Thanks Te 😊

[@Muonium1]

Is this actually established?? I've been aware of the reports of gunpowder smell for decades but I've never read any definitive reason for it.

[@YunxiaoChu]

Source?

[@Lizlodude]

Fun Fact: the moon smells like suffocation 🙃

[@129140163]

The REALLY crazy thing about tellurium is: it’s the only element on the entire periodic table named after the planet it was discovered on!

[@switch2472]

Tom, maybe make up another batch of glass, but pour it into a blocky square mold and put it back in the microwave furnace, and try to slow cool it over a longer period? Could even pour it in, then remelt and just run the microwave at a lower and lower duty cycle to slow cool and see if your rapid cooling theory is correct. Then partner up with a gem facetter (lapidary) and try to get them to face off the two ends and build a solid state laser, or if that doesn't seem to work just blast it with the highest intensity 337.1nm light you can get out of the kitchen junk drawer. (I could ship you one that you could power with the HellMachine...)

[@Matoro342]

That microwave is a POW.

[@bobert6259]

Got a nice shower at least, and now we know its display is functional… back to work!

[@Morethanlikelyaperson]

Ahhhh, another video from our most ESTEEMED colleague Dr. &Ire.

[@carrotwine3649]

I never thought just oxidizing a metal could be so frustrating

[@spiderdude2099]

There used to be a saying among Oxford chemist when referring to Tellurium chemists “The blokes that study tellurium? You’ll smell em before you see em”

[@jaggederest]

For future glass chemistry purposes, in general if you cook the glass long enough in an oxidative atmosphere, the oxidation of any metals present will take care of itself. Especially if you have a lot of other oxides in there as fluxes to strip the passivating layer, and you finely grind the metals. I've used pure iron, copper and zinc powder in glassmaking (glazemaking, actually, but glaze is just a glass on ceramic) and in an oxidizing atmosphere they all do oxidize substantially. Unless it's a refractory material like chrome or aluminum, oxidizing in advance is optional in many cases. Also, the best rule of thumb for glass chemistry is as making up a broad set of 3 properties: fluxing, glass-forming, and stabilizing. A flux makes the melt more liquid, glass-formers contribute to the transparency, and stabilizers are usually refractory and keep it from being excessively liquid, weak, or spattering. In this recipe, you have TeO2 as the glass former, ZnO and NaO as the fluxes, and no stabilizers (often fine for a compound intended to be low-temperature-melting). We don't usually include colorant since its properties are usually either refractory or a flux, and it's uncommon to have more than 2% colorant. This recipe is actually (un?)surprisingly close to many low-fire glazes used in ceramics.

[@LogicalNiko]

And for reference most fiber transmission systems operate in the between the 800nm-1600nm range. So yes, the generally Ytterbium and Erbium doped glasses are used for high rate optic transceivers.

[@minklmank]

"How often do you think about tellurium?" my man I spent an entire months long research internship making coinage metal polytelluride halogenides and going through DSC, PXRD and Thermoelectric characterization just to reproduce a specific phase transition that coincided with a pnp semiconductor transition and then associate that with a specific axis elongation within the crystal lattice. Good times but I've done more than my fair share of tellurium grinding xD

[@ivolol]

"It's done... yet... it still looks like crap" feels like the vibe of this channel in general xD

[@nfrandom007]

A day with Tellurium chemistry is a good day

[@knibknibknib]

Tip from an inorganamus, next time you need fine powders from metals or nitrates you should look into steric entrapment synthesis. I have the fortune of skipping most the steps and working with 5N materials but this is sometimes the easiest way to get nanopowders on the multiple gram sort of scale. Extra short version: 1:1 pva:nitrate, water to solve, evaporate, heat to 250 in beaker, don't huff the fumes, grind and calcine the black foam, get a beautiful white powder. A reasonably tuned SES protocol should be able to yield submicron grains, if a little agglomerated.

[@LanceThumping]

Looking at the plastic spoons and cups this time gave me an idea. You should do a video on chemistry entirely based around stuff you can steal from local fast food places.

[@RandomGuy0987]

Cool idea. Could do some organic chem stuff? Salt, pepper, sauces, condiments, foods. What about office supplies or cleaning chemicals? And what about equipment that would be in a commercial kitchen or fast food restaurant?

[@LanceThumping]

@@RandomGuy0987 It's just gotta be stuff you can take without getting in trouble. So a few cup fulls of pool water or other weird sources for chemicals would be clear but nothing that would require breaking into the back of the kitchen.

[@lmackenzie89]

I worked on lanthanide spectroscopy for a few years and agree they have a strange sort of beauty to their colour. Terbium complexes are my favourite: a "mint green" that is hard to replicate. I bought some terbium doped glass, but it's not the same. So it must be a particular combination of multiple wavebands that made the beautiful green

[@eagerestwolf]

I almost wonder if that Tellurium Dioxide you made underwent hydrolysis due to ambient moisture and became Tellurium Hydroxide. That would explain a change in color and it was left unattended in ambient conditions for an extended period of time. However, it is also possible (albeit unlikely) that you actually made some sort of nitrate instead of oxide. That would make sense since a lot of nitrates are yellow...ish. Lastly, it could just be dissolved Nitrogen Oxide gases.

[@jrevillug]

6:51 "less than 15" feels like the number of dry, sunny days we've had here in the UK so far this year. 😂

[@noelbreitenbach8673]

You have got to be the most “human” youtube chemist and I love it

[@thedude7319]

I love the lidl shopping approach to chemistry

[@LordHonkInc]

Of course it would turn yellow on this of all channels xD Btw, just checked and apparently β-TeO₂ is yellow in appearance while the synthetic α-TeO₂ is colorless, and according to prominent literature (i.e. wikipedia's list of sources) it's only supposed to convert to β-TeO₂ under high pressure and at temperatures above 400 °C, so I guess Australia just has above-average atmospheric pressure ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

[@LeCharles07]

It almost doesn't feel like an Extractions&Ire video because it only took one video to get where we were going. Great job, those bits are beautiful. 👍

[@OzzyskylerTheGreat]

The absolute brain shock from "its definitely winter now" as someone living in the pacific north west in the states was humbling. (currently 105F or like 40 C)

[@mica4153]

loved that music at 8:20 . wasnt expecting my sub to go off watching this.

[@sydnerd]

I'm in love with "The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy" by Void now, thanks for sharing this artist. Hope you'll two make a collab haha

[@Dovorans]

Would be fun to rub one half of the glass with sunscreen and then illuminate it with the flashlight to demonstrate the UV blocking effectiveness of the sunscreen.

[@christopherwiley5859]

Dude, the music in this episode is funky and wonderful!

[@skewtzzDBD]

"God knows I've been there" at 4:20 is peak comedy

[@kimtae858]

I love it when you have a success. Not all experiments need to be a struggle. Really digging the tunes too!

[@kevinknutson4596]

Man ChemPlayer's videos were fucking great. They did a lot of stuff that other people on youtube wouldn't touch. You will be remembered

[@nou-oo2ij]

So ironic that the thing that did them in was a simple cake

[@DaveShindig]

Love your exotic glass videos. Don't know why but it's super interesting to me. Good work.

[@Franklin-jj4jz]

Oxidation of Te with HNO3 is a reversible redox reaction. When you stopped the release of NO2 (product), you drove the equilibrium to the left in favor of the reactants, quenching the forward reaction. As long as both reactants, HNO3 & Te, are still present in the beaker, allowing the gaseous product NO2 to escape will drive the reaction to completion.

[@ericherm88]

I have no idea if any of that is true, or if those are even sensible chemistry terms, and yet... I believe it 100%

[@espanadorada7962]

Are you sure? The peroxide just reforms nitric acid from NO2, so the NO2 is still being produced and immediately removed from the reaction - it doesn’t have any chance to reduce the metal oxide back to Te (I would think). That’s why it seems more likely that the nitric acid is basically just going too fast and forming an oxide coat (passivating, like he said)

[@adrianpip2000]

No, that makes absolutely no sense. He didn't stop the release of NO2 in the sense that you're thinking. H2O2 and NO2 makes nitric acid, so if anything it actually drives the reaction forward by quite a lot.

[@Franklin-jj4jz]

@@adrianpip2000 It makes perfect sense. He did stop the release of NO2 in the way that I'm thinking. This is a multistep reaction, but if you just look at the overall reaction, he took a gaseous product that was happily leaving the reaction mixture and sent it back to the reactant side of the equation as nitric acid, one of the reactants. Anyway that you look at it, that just adds to the rate of the reverse reaction. HNO3 is already present in considerable excess, so adding a little more will have a negligible effect on the forward rate. Continuously removing a product from the reaction mixture will not only speed up the forward reaction considerably, it will insure that the rates of the forward and reverse reactions cannot equilibrate. Once the NO2 is out of the beaker, it's no longer available to participate in the reverse reaction. Put another way, once a product, ANY product, permanently exits a reversible reaction, that reaction becomes irreversible. It will eventually go forward to completion. That's Lechatelier's Principle in a nutshell. Another issue affecting the forward rate, especially in later stages, is the apparent passivation of the tellurium by a coating of insoluble tellurium tetranitrate product. More vigorous agitation might overcome this issue by exposing fresh tellurium to the acid. I can only assume that he had a valid reason for going this route to TeO2 instead of just burning Te in a stream of air.

[@espanadorada7962]

@@Franklin-jj4jz but physically and chemically removing NO2 from the reaction are equivalent… just like in a biological system, it doesn’t matter if a product is simply removed from the area of the reaction or if it participates in a subsequent reaction; it is being removed for the purposes of equilibrium. This was definitely just passivation.

[@christopherleubner6633]

Tellurium is used in a few interesting gadgets. Lead and tin telluride are used for thermoelectric refrigerators and mercury telluride is a phitoelectric sensor for the middle infrared while Cadmium Zinc telluride is a gamma ray detector. Tellurium dioxide had extremely strong optical dispersion so its used for acousto optic laser beam switches and spectrometers. Very neat stuff.❤

[@frizzlefrack253]

I thought he was gunna bro out, but saved it with slugger. Well done, for saving yourself and the experiment lol

[@megaman91333]

When making a glass samples you can also do a "splat" where you smear the glass onto a metal surface with a metal spatula or other flat metal thing. This will produce some internal stress, but because it is very thin and cools rapidly it probably won't shatter and its a good way to get a thin enough sample to see through even if its kinda murky.

[@sativaburns6705]

I'm more familiar with Telluride being a magical Colorado mountain town known for its mushroom festival. I learned stuff today!

[@ashe1.070]

I didn’t know Telluride had a mushroom festival. That’s neat. You learn something new every day. Thanks!

[@isaacthedestroyerofstuped7676]

New Long term goal: make a rainbow of fluorescent doped glasses

[@Auroral_Anomaly]

33:40 “Did we have a succesful outcome”🤓☝️

[@cirrusradiatus]

impeccable music choice as always, funny science man .

[@hexlart8481]

I can't help but hear "sneaky" every time he says "stinky". Now I'm imagining that touching it with your bare skin just turns you into an archetypical D&D rogue, leather armor and all.

[@villeville6838]

Thank you for being the best chemistry channel on youtube.

[@Lodestone8]

Phonons are at best a simplified way to talk about a complex effect that's resultant of intricate fluid dynamics

[@jeanremi8384]

Does that nullify in any way what he said ? (:

[@Lodestone8]

@@jeanremi8384 no because as you would see if you could read, I’m agreeing with him. Phonons are a complex phenomenon oversimplified and I personally don’t count them as a real “thing” at least not nearly to the degree as photons because if they exist in reality they’re the only thing in the universe known to man to be repulsed by gravity

[@jeanremi8384]

​@@Lodestone8 eh, that level of physics is complicated to a vast amount of people, it makes sense to give the simplified version.

[@Lodestone8]

@@jeanremi8384 Sure but it brings to mind thinking of electrical systems as hydraulics even though the flow is reversed, it's a shortcut, a useful one, and thus there is reason to but it's not accurate to the physical reality of the situation

[@jeanremi8384]

@@Lodestone8 that's how people teach stuff. You can't just start with the full version, otherwise most people will be lost. So you HAVE to explain it with shortcuts. Then, if the person is more interested, they'll find out the full explanation.

[@radioaktiv2531]

A couple years ago during my chem undergrad, I got to do some lanthanide chemistry. I had made a Europium complex and a few students and I huddled together in the hydrogenation room (it has no windows) with the lights off and a UV light. Fluorescence is pretty damn cool.

[@aaronsmicrobes8992]

As an amateur astrophotographer I'm very jealous of your clear skies

[@RiehlScience]

And Magellanic Clouds… And Carina Nebula…

[@aaronsmicrobes8992]

@@RiehlScience and a better view of the galactic core, and I'm pretty sure his light pollution is way better than my bortle 6-7 skies, and the transparency is probably much better too. Yeah, it's just not fair lol

[@Flesh_Wizard]

​@@aaronsmicrobes8992hell yeah black hole time

[@justinhadley3927]

And our handy dandy Southern Cross navigational constellation

[@yshwgth]

I dig the improved production value with the music and the beauty shots!

[@omnirath]

Tom : why is this yellow Also Tom : yeah it’s just a phase

[@brianhutchinson7863]

I was given a couple rods of UV Reactive Quartz back when I was involved in Flame Working. It was said to have been been produced in China at some time maybe during the 90's or early 2000's. I think it may have been made with Tellurium. It has almost exactly the same color. Really been enjoying you're glass experiments. Would be awesome if you could find a element/element combination that could be used with Boro to produce a nice bright UV Purple (the most illusive of colors)

[@Ruija27]

Okay, before watching I have a question: Which part of the obviously-underway hobo backyard SAM system is this?

[@ExtractionsAndIre]

Lol I guess the glass fibre amplifier for the high powered laser section

[@zemperus1639]

I am glad I am not the only one who immediately went "mmm, missile tech" at the concept of tellurium glass lol

[@john-dm4qd]

I grew up near Telluride in Colorado in the United States. It's a high-end ski resort town nestled in the mountains. My commuted from Silverton to Telluride and back everyday even in snow storms over mountain passes. In those days I was a Grateful Dead head.

[@stevemoore12]

Welcome back to Phonons & Ire!

[@ivy7642]

I have a couple of ideas for you about how to make better shapes when pouring the material. You could chisel out part of that brick I saw to make a kind of ingot mold. Or you could use clay to create a boundary to pour into within your heated pan, so you get whatever shape you like.

[@spiderdude2099]

The children yearn for zinc oxide

[@amdyma]

As always premium music choice👌

[@justinbanks2380]

34:10 bro. "I'm not your friend, buddy" "I'm not your buddy, pal" 😂 Congrats man!

[@saxassoon]

I did a lot of low temperature fluorescence (77K and below), and reducing phonon background was part of the justification but it sometimes confused other chemists when I tried to explain sound particles to them. The intro to this video made me feel so validated

[@Cs13762]

wheres your ultrasonic cleaner to get that surface layer disrupted?!

[@ExtractionsAndIre]

That’s not a bad suggestion to get the reaction going again, I just didn’t think of it!

[@jonpopelka]

Exactly 😂

[@bedlaskybedla6361]

Maybe dissolving Te in aqua regia would be better. TeO2 is practically insoluble in HNO3, but soluble in HCl. Just to make sure you have enough HNO3 to oxidize HCl in the end. Very interesting video, I love that fluorescent glass! Nice work Tom!

[@Darphi01]

So how radioactive is your shed after messing with europium-203?

[@piotrjakuc6357]

What a coincidence! My current research focuses on how zinc concentration affects the band gap of CdZnTe semiconductors. After decades of trying to easily produce high quality crystals, researchers still super promise it's a game changer, hahaha. At least I get funding! I ❤️ Tellurium.

[@AzuraTheRock]

Yay its the wacky science guy

[@jackalovski1]

Doing this sort of chemistry will take ten years off the end of your life. Thankfully those are the shit years. Watching chemistry done like this is like watching someone do a let’s play so badly that I end up going on steam and buying the game convinced I can play it better. It’s really motivating because if I had the energy to tidy the garage I’d get back into chemistry

[@thefrenchgunsmith6488]

35 minutes explaining how to make a cool glowing glass, I love the internet

[@Ang3lUki]

When you first shined the flashlight on the cooled samples, I gave a very audible "WHOA, WOW" what a result, that's super bright, excellent chemistry Tom

[@gayforbrae5693]

the music choice makes me want to either play insanaquarium or violently shit myself idk if thats intentional

[@ExtractionsAndIre]

Yeah it’s intentional. Good videos should make you poo i think

[@muadddib]

Its where i watch yt most of the times, anyway

[@ebnertra0004]

Tom discovered the Brown Note confirmed?

[@SportyMabamba]

>Insaniquarium *CORE MEMORY UNLOCKED*

[@christophersteele2629]

Best description of phonons I've ever heard.

[@Auroral_Anomaly]

Dude could go to Wittenoom and make it 100x more toxic.

[@ExtractionsAndIre]

its time to invent Yellow Asbestos

[@Auroral_Anomaly]

@@ExtractionsAndIreNO IT’S NOT!💀💀💀

[@paddypenguin8895]

man the music that this guy puts in his videos is so great when youre so inanely blazed that * HELL YEAH, ITS TIME *

[@lettunorlandero7391]

Hello eveyone

[@ExtractionsAndIre]

hi

[@sinisterthoughts2896]

'Ello

[@lettunorlandero7391]

@@sinisterthoughts2896 elo