Arthropoda | B.Sc. Zoology 5th Semester | Paper-1st | Unit-4 | NEP-2020

rthropoda is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom, characterized by segmented bodies, jointed appendages, and an exoskeleton made of chitin.
General Characteristics:
Bilateral symmetry
Segmented body
Exoskeleton made of chitin (for protection and support)
Jointed appendages (legs, antennae)
Open circulatory system
Highly developed sense organs
Compound eyes (in many species)
Growth by moulting (ecdysis)
Ecological Importance
Arthropods are vital in ecosystems as they serve as pollinators, decomposers, and food sources for other animals.
They play critical roles in the food chain and help in nutrient cycling.
Evolutionary Aspects
Arthropods are believed to have evolved from a common ancestor around 500 million years ago.
Fossil records, such as trilobites, provide insights into early arthropod life.
Focus on Classification: Be clear on the characteristics of each class and sub-phylum of Arthropoda.
Diagrams: Study the external and internal structure of different arthropods (e.g., anatomy of a grasshopper, spider, or prawn).
Key Terms: Know the terminology like exoskeleton, ecdysis, metamorphosis, etc.
Examples: Familiarize yourself with examples of various arthropods (insects, arachnids, crustaceans).
Evolutionary significance: Understand the evolutionary progression and fossil evidence of arthropods.
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