Life Cycle of Oil & Gas Wells - from Drilling to Completion

[@dwaynekoblitz6032]

I knew a guy in California that got an oil well for his 18th birthday. Instantly rich. Never saw or spoke to him again. Lucky kid.

[@gamingpremium233]

bro js got a oil well for his b day? lol

[@lastlastlast-rt3nu]

@@gamingpremium233 shit made me laugh. bro got an oil well for his birthday

[@seeriktus]

I knew a guy that got a cow for his 15th. All of us laughed, until we realised how much a cow can be worth.

[@rogerswanson9974]

Why, because he never had to see or speak to you again 🤔👉🤯🤣🤣🤣😂😂😂

[@Chris_at_Home]

I worked many jobs around oil. I did a year doing seismic and then 8 1/2 years doing well logging (wire line) as both a field hand and then as a technician. Then I went into communications and helped set up communications on remote drilling sites in the Arctic. After that I did 15 years communications on a pipeline. Where I worked they would produce gas in zones above the oil and use the gas to lift the oil similar to how bubbles lift water to the filter in an aquarium. The gas separated at a production facility and injected back into the ground on an injection well.

[@ugochukwukingsley2200]

Wow... This is interesting...

[@Melonskull]

When the oil is extracted.. I see the term "million barrells per day" they dont really have just a million barrells sitting around to be filled do they?

[@Chris_at_Home]

@@Melonskull No, it is just a unit of measure of flow probably into a pipeline to a production facility to filter the crap out of it to make a product to sell. Thing like different gases, water and silt might also come up with the oil.

[@Melonskull]

@@Chris_at_Home ok cool. I was thinking that but I wasn’t seeing any actual storage of all of it somewhere lol I guess it will just go in to large holding tanks?

[@Chris_at_Home]

@@ugochukwukingsley2200 Yes i thought I did some pretty cool jobs. I was sent to many schools in Texas to learn about the electronics in the well logging tools. We used different types of radioactive sources, acoustics and electrical resistance in what was called open hole logging done before the casing is set to measure formation types. Then there were tools to measure production, things like flow rate, temperature, amount of water and even a tool that listened and could find a small leak. I did many things in communications traveling around Alaska and even some over seas work. Worked for a contractor turning up satellite links for the FAA around the state and ANC center for a few years. My last six years before retiring were working in the earth station that provides most of Alaska’s rural communications.

[@dougberrett8094]

Just a bit of extra info. TD does not refer to total depth as often as it refers to TARGET DEPTH! While logging is often done on a wireline, the gold standard is a core taken from the formation at the depth of interest. Not side wall coring, but minimally invaded core from the center of the hole. Many oil field service companies run a fleet of tools that will “log” the hole while drilling is happening. These tools allow the well to be steered into the best location. In today’s drilling, the production zone is more often horizontal than vertical. Measurement while drilling tools and steering tools allow the bore to be kept in the pay zone for a much longer time than a simple vertical well could do.

[@dale5497]

TD does mean total depth (i.e., the maximum vertical depth of a well). MD refers to measured depth, the linear length of the well, almost always different from TD

[@dougberrett8094]

@ TD CAN mean total depth, but more often TARGET DEPTH. A well drilled in search of hydrocarbons is never a "one and done", but a series of bores. Larger near the surface, smaller as length increases. A hole of a certain diameter is drilled to TARGET DEPTH, then a pipe, called casing, is dropped into the hole. Said casing pipe has a special plug at the end that allows the pipe to "float" down. The pipe is then filled with a calculated volume of cement, a top plug is placed and drilling fluid (mud) is used to pump the cement down through the bottom plug and up the outside of the casing pipe, cementing it in place. Then the plugs are drilled out as a smaller diameter hole is drilled to TARGET DEPTH for that diameter. Then the casing routine is repeated. Along the way, from information gained from "offset wells" and or other methods, geologists may want core taken from a certain section. The drill string is pulled out, and the BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY is replaced with one suitable for taking core. Core barrels take core 20 feet at a time, or 30 feet at a time depending on the company contracted to take the core. The core "hand" is given control, in other words he is the drilling boss whilst coring is happening. Core barrel assemblies frequently stack barrels so that a core length of up to 300 feet can be taken with one TRIP. Maybe more now. Coring continues until one of three things occur. One, the barrel fills and it, with the core inside, is retrieved. Two, the core jams in the barrel, halting the cutting of core, necessitating pulling out, or three, core has been cut to TARGET DEPTH, so the core is retrieved and BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLIES are swapped out and drilling continues to the next TARGET DEPTH.

[@brianwilson4861]

You left out the process that makes this all worthwhile. Hydraulic fracturing or fracking as its called. After perforating the well you take 6 to 10 giant high pressure water pumps and you pump about a dozen olympic sized swimming pools worth of fresh water and spherical ceramic beads down the well hole. The pressure from the pumps is so high that it cause the porus rock containing the hydrocarbons to crack and the spherical beads become wedged in the cracks holding them open. This allows the oil to flow into the well faster and in greater volumes which allows the extraction to be profitable and worth the effort to recover it. Without fracking the oil couldnt be recovered fast enough to make it worth the effort. We take wells that stop producing and simply frack them again and many times they produce more oil than when they were first drilled and fracked. Sometimes a lot more. In my experience, oil wells are rarely plugged and abandoned. Even producing just one barrel a day is worthwhile. We try and recover litterally every drop of oil. Water is produced with the oil and is separated using gravity and the difference in buoyancy. The separated water goes through a vessel called a gun barrel which removes the smallest traces of oil from the water.

[@MatthewWilliamGuerra]

If there is an old well that's been capped and out of service how can you tell if it's been fracked or if you do frack that can get oil again

[@rowendacarter8790]

Does the water then become drinkable?

[@TechyGamerVibeZ]

@@rowendacarter8790nope. They pump it back into the ground

[@TechyGamerVibeZ]

One thing you missed is that they use liquid nitrogen too when fracing

[@austuneamassomaowei8187]

In cases of EOR​@@TechyGamerVibeZ

[@mikewest712]

Something to add. That cement used down hole is some badass stuff. We patched my buddys driveway with our samples from the year. It was hard heavy laden with cellophane and other binders. Not your grandmas ready mix.

[@sigungajoshua6149]

God's greatest gift !!!

[@nurulainy4900]

this video sums up my 4 year degree lesson, thanks

[@JaceBarnett-zt5hb]

Lol

[@PacoOtis]

Excellently presented and provided lots of easily understood information! Promote this man!! Best of luck!

[@merr3196]

This was very well (no pun intended) explained. Better than most videos I've seen. Thank you

[@MidlandTexan]

I logged many boreholes in the 1980's, this was very good.

[@sharonfieber6458]

Good video presentation. My experience on production testing after initial electrical logging, done prior to "long pipe (production casing)" and cementing off. Information about drilled well becomes public domain.

[@modular182]

How does the cement not get mixed in with the water as its flowing upwards along the outside of the pipe?

[@OllyJC]

It's a common misconception that aquifers and oil are always in pockets/pools underground. They're typically contained within porous rock, so cement won't flow in very easily. That's why the perforation guns are required, to shoot large openings into the rock as a place for quicker flow

[@r6smurf186]

@@OllyJC thank you

[@efrencast5257]

However the cement is designed, water well be pushed out from the cement. Water is only need to activate cement, cement naturally pushes water out. And if the cement is dense/dry, it won't mix with water. Its the same way if you place a bag of cement under water, it will still perform in the way it was made for.

[@silverdrillpickle7596]

During initial drilling, the bentonite slurry enters and seals off the water aquifer.

[@chrislnflorida5192]

It's called Displacement. Sometimes when they pumping the Cement down hole, it will blow a hole in a formation and thats lost Circulation, perse. Then u have to pump down Cotton Seed Hulls, and many others to plug that hole before finishing the Concrete. Hello to Halliburton 😂

[@hussainalhosani]

سبحان من علَّم الانسان ما لم يعلم

[@aksharjamgaonkar3672]

brilliant explanation, many thanks!

[@santoshpatnaik1988]

What a soothing background score, may i know the source?

[@oldstudbuck3583]

Incredible engineering. I love gas and diesel even more after seeing this.

[@joefish1439]

About 45 percent of a typical barrel of crude oil is refined into gasoline. An additional 29 percent is refined to diesel fuel. The remaining oil is used to make plastics and other products (see image Products made from a barrel of crude oil, 2016).

[@perfectgematriadecodesabc4259]

petroleum

[@julitogilo1436]

thanks for the video because I learned something😊

[@thomaslthomas1506]

This is a great video sadly it doesn’t cover the newer flex techniques.😎

[@rancosteel]

What kind of cement is used for the pour?

[@gmale605]

It depends on depth and formation. There are proprietary blends used, but class A is commonly used with the addition of accelerants or retarders according to the length of travel through the casing.

[@Mechanicalmanufacturing-e7t]

Do you need water purifier materials for oil exploitation?

[@royrice8021]

For the entire life cycle you have to go to “plugging” the well after depletion. 👍

[@서민의삶]

What is the Casing stoper name? Sorry English is very not well...

[@analqinparacetamol]

Doesnt the perforating cause the explosion?

[@حمزهيوسف-ث6ي]

Thank you so much for this useful video

[@draconusspiritus1037]

Especially on shallower wells. When perforating the shaft to allow access to the oil. If there is a very high concentration of Natural Gas, it is possible for the perforation process to cause more of an explosion within the well than expected. With the potential result of one or more sections of pipe being destroyed and needing to be replaced. As well, the 'Shotgun' used to perforate the pipe can be literally shot out of the well. To multiple hundreds of feet above the ground. Needless to say this can be quite dangerous for nearby workers.

[@Netron24]

Ib order for an explosion to happen there has to be oxygen, which is lacking down there

[@draconusspiritus1037]

@@Netron24 I've seen that shotgun fly 100+ feet above the well when an unexpected gas pocket ignited during perforation. The well pipe is usually empty of anything but air when the shotgun is lowered into it. Oxygen is only lacking down there while there is no open path to the surface.

[@anthonycammack2616]

How did it get thru the bop ?

[@anthonycammack2616]

And how did it come thru the top of the lubricator????

[@draconusspiritus1037]

@@anthonycammack2616 the same way a bullet makes it through a flash suppressor on a rifle. Unexpected gas pocket plus enough air to allow an explosion. Explosion goes whatever direction is easiest. Whatever can be moved will be moved.

[@abimbolaIsmaeel45]

I learned something 💯. Thanks for this video

[@vagst6hayst716]

Can u tell me all the problems found in the well? In the Vedio?

[@chrislnflorida5192]

If u talking about when they drill past the Aquifer and there NO Water Flow, it's called Down Hole Pressure. The mud u mix during the drilling process, some will coat the walls and if the mud is too heavy u can blow out the wall into the Aquifer or if your mud is too light u could possibly have what's called a Blow Out, u definetly DONT want that.

[@Kagimbi-Kagambi]

Qstn please, does the oil need any pumping from the well or it have enough pleasure. ❤ Thanks

[@chrislnflorida5192]

Pump Jack's for Oil and then their some free flow like for Gas

[@chrislnflorida5192]

Of ALL the Wells ive drilled, o dont think o have Ever seen the Perfoating Tool while the Rig was still there.

[@-Hussainnn]

Lmao yeah All rigless

[@johnnicolson467]

It's amazing how the oil in the north sea runs out just before an Independence referendum and more is found after they lost.

[@liamwilson1058]

Well explained video, I think I actually got it. Thanks.

[@xerotoninz]

so you drain it dry then leave your garbage there?

[@wikaarya5831]

What else could they do?

[@-Hussainnn]

The way you asked the question tell me you are one of those no oil idiots

[@joeypilotte5864]

Part of this job gets done by the service rig, that got glossed over.

[@LarryPeteet]

Thank You, Well Done!

[@aSpyIntheHaus]

I see what you did there. :D

[@doug5101]

So with a 100 years of oil and gas use... what happens to the voids left behind once the oil/gas has been removed ?

[@rondenny5773]

Filled with cement

[@partidash]

Normally the voids are filled naturally by the connate water of the reservoirs.

[@drillingrigonlinecourses128]

Voids are compressed or squeezed with overburden pressure or voids are filled with water laying below oil and gas

[@Texassince1836]

Oil is not in lakes unkerground, its in porous shale rock. Take away the oil and the shale is still there.

[@basilsalam1370]

Very nice information

[@raiisbox3371]

I keep distance while I'm watching this. He almost breathe in my phone away...

[@ericrotsinger9729]

I am really glad I did not hear the term fossil fuel.

[@PittsburghWelder]

Wireline here 🙋🏻 lol

[@unilife8197]

thanks for helping

[@Hendrikhendrik-om5ys]

What is used to fill the empty wells when you do not get more oil or gas from the ground? It becomes a large hole in the subsoil and the Earth becomes unstable.

[@Sindre1818]

They plug it with cement.

[@Hendrikhendrik-om5ys]

@@Sindre1818 have you seen this video, the solution was it sment? kzbin.info/www/bejne/qavalZqrnM16gqc

[@Sindre1818]

@@Hendrikhendrik-om5ys No, the solution is for America to demand better safety procedures from the companies operating in their territories. But that happened during the drilling phase. You asked what they do at the end of the production phase and I answered.

[@Hendrikhendrik-om5ys]

@@Sindre1818 Thank you

[@Texassince1836]

Oil is found in porous rock, not underground lakes. When you remove the oil the rock is still there. So far as what they do with a well at the end of its life cycle, they fill it with cement, cut the top off 6ft below the ground, and bury it.

[@pouyabigdeli268]

Thanks for all the effort btw if anyone knows further information or video regarding to driling procedures and it's materials and equipments whatsoever please let me know...

[@JovvnnyD]

Hey i have a question, when oil is taken out of the ground, is some other liquid put in place ? or do they just let the ground cave or something because its just empty now?

[@deo1011]

@@JovvnnyD it depends on the type of formation. In some cases yes they have to replace the displaced liquid. It's also beneficial to them because the typically inject produced water back down and the oil goes to the top. Water floods. In tight formation then oil is coming out of tiny pores in the rock and there isn't risk of it caving in. Protecting formations is big time in the oil companies interest as it means money. Hope that helps.

[@deo1011]

@@JovvnnyD something that is kind of.cool is.they have actually played with fire flooding. Pumping o2 down and igniting the formation to get the oil moving. Not sure if they do that anywhere anymore though.

[@MrChidorinagashi10]

@@JovvnnyD usually after a fee years the production will decline, theyll then add a injection well and start flooding the production welll to get more oil out

[@EriccoInertialsystem]

I know that there are some drilling equipment to better help engineers work underground, explore the terrain, and determine the orientation. Do you know anything about this, or is there anything else we can share with each other？

[@HazratAli-xl6ij]

Nice explanation

[@PradYumaN_]

Well explained

[@arashsajjadi5004]

I think this explanation is somehow rough

[@BIG-DIPPER-56]

WAIT !!! Where's "Completion" ??? How does the well end ??? 🤔😒

[@gregorysagegreene]

I liked this, but there's probably a lot of undesirable outcomes that go wrong too. But we gotta' have oil.

[@on8_4]

My specialty 🤍🤍🤍🤍

[@FachryNaufal-l8g]

thanks for sharing

[@hilariohernandez3382]

All this is a very deep subject , for to many shallow minds lol ! Rowan company driller .

[@xpllmmff]

I think there is one phase missing (Pumpjack forcing the oil to be drained) in this video. I grew up in a small city where I can see those nodding jacks all over and at one time made me believe all oil wells were made in that way

[@alijahgray2675]

There’s a lot of things missing this isn’t how wells are done and I don’t think have ever been done they left out the fracin,plugs,drill outs,coil tubbing,and esps (or pump jacks)

[@seanpadgett3053]

They didn’t miss them out, they are not normally required, not every well needs frac, coil tubing etc. the same way not all wells need a nodding donkey. I have worked on thousands of wells but never one with a surface pump, they are only for sub hydrostatic wells that need pumps to flow.

[@iketank1970]

There are several types of wells so not having a pumping unit in the video doesn’t necessarily discredit the video. If you’re interested look up ESPs and jet pumps. We run a couple Reda ESP Wells and A jet pump at a location. A lot will depend on depth and volume available for what kind of pump is set up

[@4g6_miragecolorado00]

How much time does it typically take from start to finish for most fracking /horizontal . 6 months to a year?

[@mofomoco]

I have changed oil in my car and pumped gas.

[@-Hussainnn]

As a petroleum engineer, I can tell you this is 0.001% of what we do. There are just a lot of details missing. This is a good video for average viewer

[@shadimdk3491]

i am petroleum engineer student too. can u suggest me better youtube channels for understanding concepts easily.

[@aSpyIntheHaus]

Does the "Perforating Gun" look as scary in real life as it sounds in this video. Because in my head I'm imagining a cylinder, however many feet tall that fires shaped charges in every direction capable of penetrating the ground more than a meter.... in every direction.... Not the sort of thing you would want to be discussing/demonstrating at your TED talk

[@coltburks5450]

That's exactly what it looks like and does. It's 30ish feet of spiraled shape charges in 2 foot sections that have to be broken down cleaned out and reloaded by hand between each stage. This video shows a vertical well, but in horizontal wells there may be dozens of gun runs downhole to perforate the entire zone.

[@hernancortes6575]

They perf in stages

[@tyadams-jx6tt]

It’s just a tube nothing scary

[@timespent1043]

Think about this here's a new theory it's called the pruning earth effect did you ever think All the gas oil and what ever else they are getting out of earth it won't take long when the earth we'll be coming like a shrunk en prune it's called the prune effect

[@timespent1043]

That's a new theory maybe true no lies

[@-Hussainnn]

If you study geology, you will know thay your theory is dumbed and oil will always be a tiny fraction of earth's mass

[@jimbob-jn6jz]

So you start of by poisoning the ground water before you even find the oil!

[@rogergraham5092]

You start by isolating the groundwater with the surface casing.

[@jimbob-jn6jz]

@@rogergraham5092 Oh that's good. But i guess not always good enough.

[@-Hussainnn]

​@jimbob-jn6jz do you think oil companies will care about your opinion 😂

[@nandhu..2001]

kollaamm poli😍

[@augustwest8559]

I vote for more wells many many more. Solar and windmills are a joke.

[@ibrahimhabou5730]

Good job

[@shadowofpain8144]

Why can’t you send down say 100 feet of hundred grain prima cord touch off the natural gas causing grate big fractures releasing all kinds of new oil, seems very cheaply to me.

[@TheHeavyModd]

Water + proppant + chemicals are used for hydraulic fracturing

[@1st_ProCactus]

I was actually more interested in the plugging.. I would have that meant completion.

[@coltburks5450]

P&A plug and abandon

[@kiheirc3195]

Let’s go Brandon!

[@FlightClubProductions]

Hell yeah! Under Biden, the US is producing more oil and gas per day than at any time in history. Thanks, Brandon

[@AhmedAbdi-me8iv]

Alright tge digging process contaminants konvurk and digging materials with such aspiration when oil is dogged out of the ground it has meluceuels of species!

[@AhmedAbdi-me8iv]

Thank you

[@tmytng4916]

very good vedio

[@Galactis1]

Usually oil and gas wells are completely forgotten about left to rust and rot away uncapped as well.

[@alijahgray2675]

No that’s not at all the case i can tell you’ve never worked in the oil field with a comment like that😂 trust me a well is never forgot about there’s a tool directional drillers used called taco and it shows you every we’ll ever drilled and I can assure not one has been forgot about

[@4g6_miragecolorado00]

@@alijahgray2675 actually this does happen quite often. Here in Colorado, specifically "Weld county " theres hundreds of well that have been abandoned, pipes rusted away and gas escaping causing issues. There have been a few deaths in the past few years because uncapped wells that led to a house exploding and killing the occupants. The company responsible for some of this is "Anadarko Petroleum Corporation

[@SonnyDarvish]

Is it See-ment or Sea-ment 😂

[@gastonjabaly]

i always wonder what happen when the well its empty thats a lot of empty space underground and at the rate we extract oil its a huge empty space anybody knows?

[@aliakaabbas]

it is plugged with cement at the end of everything

[@Texassince1836]

Oil is not found in lakes underground, its found in porous shale rock. You take away the oil and the shale is still there.

[@oiltube-tl2li]

nice

[@bobelliott2748]

You left out the part of rehabilitating the surface owner's land , paying the owner's occupation fees and paying the property taxes owed to the municipality

[@toketwo]

so I guess it's basically like this: >problem occurred >another magic tool appears

[@TheGreatSeraphim]

"Done for environmental reasons" Pffff yeah no, its to keep them from losing precious money to the aquifer. Money is the only reason they care.

[@rogergraham5092]

Crude oil exists in place with salt water, fresh water does not mix well with the oil/brine mixture making the liquid useless or needing further treatment. The fresh water aquifers need to be protected for more than one reason.

[@-Hussainnn]

No it's not Otherwise you would skip that casing

[@mohamedshawky3364]

جيد جدا

[@tbbainter777]

Cant wait until we done need/ use any petroleum products. Real gains are now being made with a long way to go.

[@JTJT2424]

Well you’re gonna have to wait. You won’t see it in your lifetime. And I still have more money to make out here. Good luck with your tesla bud

[@1scottdees]

Keifer. OK was at one time an ocean of oil wells as far as one could see. During the "Oil Boom" they drained those oil fields dry. The ground was layered in sludge and reaked of oil. Today, those fields are nearly full of oil, the earth is rich and perfect for agriculture. Oil, as we call it, is created by the planet. Not liquid dinosaurs and grass. In its raw form, it is the blood source of the planet. Living.

[@Ironface53]

Why's he say cement like that lmao

[@xelthiavice4276]

its a yanky thing

[@anthonyslater3550]

Hello friends

[@ameladeonn9558]

Hi warm greetings. Hope you're doing great over there?.. I'd like to be a friend with an amazing person just like you if don't mind.I have investment proposition you could play in. It is the new advent of cryptocurrencies. If you're interested, It will be great to have a chat with you in exchange of thought concerning this investment opportunity.

[@eyosiyasetesfaya1017]

why the ominous music 😂😂😂😂😂

[@JaceBarnett-zt5hb]

Drill baby drill

[@loginavoidence12]

HOOOOOOOoo BOIY SEEEE-MENT

[@xelthiavice4276]

REEEE!!!!! JUST STOP OIL!!!!! REEEEEEEEEEEE!!!!!!! GREEN ENERGY!!!!! EAT ZE BUGZ!!!

[@efjefe]

Yeah the ignorant left needs to see this. Me and my dog are surrounded by wells. I worked in the field. My well water is delicious and clean

[@edsonraice2.0]

then bring you dog to the forum. just want to see something

[@shadowofpain8144]

When earths atmosphere is like that of Venus as thousands of scientists say is happening it won’t matter who listen to them and who did not now will it.

[@holyearth]

This isn’t fracking……

[@Texassince1836]

@@holyearth Fracking happens a mile or more below aquifers. A failed wellbore in the aquifer zone is the only way you're getting oil into the ground water.

[@ivaneberle3972]

Except that this explains only a convention well.. These aren't relevant or economical anymore. Almost all activity today is unconventional

[@Texassince1836]

Depends on the well geology. Conventional wells are still viable in the East Texas oil patch, but horizontal drilling and fracking are required to get the shale oil out of West Texas.

[@deannelson9565]

Can't tell this videos wickedly old! No horizontal drilling no fracking yeah definitely not a modern well!

[@graceann335]

Hydro-CARBONS....see the problem there anyone??.....'CARBONS'???

[@SD10s4ever]

No, why?

[@yandiego96]

abandoned…. okay then what do people do with whats left? how do they sustainably get rid of the resources required to get all that oil to leave the land as it once was? or u just saying people just leave that disgusting industrialized metal structure there? informative to a degree but not enough care or attention to the damage fossil fuels have on earth

[@jrpena7857]

This is wrong

[@drummer57]

Thank brandon for stopping that go electric right

[@donniebrookings3695]

It's not meant to come out of the ground.

[@ΣπύροςΑυγέρης-β1λ]

Η αμερικανική κυβέρνηση Να συνεννοηθεί Με την ελληνική κυβέρνηση για έρευνες στην Ελλάδα για πετρέλαιο και φυσικό αέριο.

[@ErinHuo-t8b]

We produce oil casing and tubing if you need, please contact me