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Linux signals are a way for the operating system to communicate with running processes. Signals can be used to notify a process of events such as an error condition, a user interrupt, or a termination request. When a signal is sent to a process, the process can choose to handle it in one of several ways, including ignoring it, terminating the process, or executing a specific action.
The trap command in Linux is used to catch and respond to signals in shell scripts. By setting up trap handlers, you can specify what actions to take when a particular signal is received. This allows you to handle errors and other events in a more controlled and predictable manner.
Some common signals in Linux include:
SIGINT (signal 2): Interrupt signal sent by the user pressing Ctrl-C
SIGTERM (signal 15): Termination signal sent by the system or another process
SIGKILL (signal 9): Forceful termination signal that cannot be caught or ignored
SIGHUP (signal 1): Hangup signal sent when a process is disconnected from its controlling terminal
SIGUSR1 (signal 10) and SIGUSR2 (signal 12): User-defined signals that can be used for any purpose
Overall, understanding signals and how to handle them with trap handlers can be useful for improving the stability and reliability of Linux systems and scripts.