Liquid Rocket Engines 2: Injector Trades

[@CopenhagenSuborbitals]

Thank you for the feature and keep up the good work! :) Best from Copenhagen!

[@AstroCharlie]

It means a ton to hear from you! I've been following your project for years now. Godspeed!

[@PotatoLover112]

@@AstroCharlie hey where can i find the stl files to print the injectors?

[@CanineDefenseTechnologies]

When Charlie said notes, I was expecting a confusing pile of pdfs. So organized and easily accessible! We really need to thank Charlie for his efforts he puts intk this!

[@regulatorjohnson.]

new favorite channel? could be. I have never supported anyone on patreon before, but this is a project I could get behind if you share all the cad files, research, plans, and code

[@Sir_Michael_II]

Regulator Johnson some parts of liquid fueled rocket engines fall under ITAR and he would be restricted on sharing some CAD files.

[@mo2_whet]

Theres been a lack of exactly this type of educational content. Thank you!

[@antoniomartinez1477]

I’m an Aerospace Engineering student in California and I’m currently in Denver for the summer to design a rocket engine too!!! I think it’s so cool to see your design process and logic. Keep posting these videos man!

[@ROVA00]

Lucky! I never got a chance to do that while in my AE degree. I guess i must not have been smart enough 😢

[@amperzand9162]

This is a really great series. Thanks for spending time on so much of the details!

[@rowlandreeves5476]

Charlie I'm watching this in Oct. 2021. So your efforts two years ago are still educating people. Thanks so much.

[@pyrusrex2882]

This channel is fantastic. You touch on all the little esoteric details that other channels gloss over for the sake of a larger subscriber base. If the average man likes rocket engines, they watch Scott Manley or Tim the Everyday Astronaut (great channels in their own right). However, a true rocket engine lover watches Charlie Garcia. Fact.

[@YukonK9]

Wow I have a big interest in injector designs and always wanted to see how they react in real life. How you 3d printed models of them and sprayed water through them is ingenious Charlie! So cool to see their flow characteristics!

[@xselerate299]

When you have to limit your homemade KZbin presentation by disclaiming ITAR, not having funds for the engine parts of your choice is definitely a temporary condition. Keep going. Change the world.

[@jeffcauhape6880]

You've touched on a number of subjects that I have wondered about but had no way to grapple with. Thank you.

[@AzT97dmeTd]

I have been hungrily learning about cooling methods and convective heat transfer for about 12 hours now, beginning to feel unstoppable when I stumbled on to this video and well Charlie you managed to finally overstimulate my brain and now I am going to sleep. Thank you kind sir for your wonderful knowledge and please don't blow up your pintle with that low pressure drop good luck lord Charlie.

[@MoonMan22]

Great video Charlie. Love the B-roll of the injectors demonstrating the different flows. Can’t wait for next one.

[@DrDopy071]

Awesome material mate! Thank you

[@phoenixcollege6608]

Its nice that we can find this information online and its public domain

[@4englishlies875]

I was with you until the math, started swimming abit then after watching some more I think I'm with you again. To be young again and to not have to try and recall all that math I had just learned in school.....lol see what 30 years of cooking will do to you. Wanted to be a mechinceist out of school but well cook took over. Long story nobody want to hear.......lol great video been a while since I've had to think analytically. Thanks so much for that keep up the great work!

[@clavo3352]

Ha ! The exigencies of dysfunctional family life kept me from engineering or medical school. Ended up a most reluctant lawyer. I can guess what happened to you ! Have a great week. No doubt you make some people happy.

[@goldengoat1737]

Dude THANK YOU! I have been looking for something technical and somewhat in depth. I think this is the only videos like this. Hope to see you working at space X one day

[@decaybeats]

Liked the video without having watched a second of it (oh and first by the way)

[@olivier671988]

Yes ! One more rocket guy :) The DIY rocket that we can build easily ourselves is coming closer and closer. Keep working and posting !

[@HardHatPat]

I was just wondering when the next video would come out, thanks!

[@markmcculfor6113]

If only you and Scott Manley could talk on a live stream about more engine ideas, that'd be cool I just found your channel and I love your videos!

[@AstroCharlie]

Well, if he's so inclined, I'd love to chat with him. I used to work at a space museum, so I love chatting about the programmatic aspects of space exploration as well.

[@markmcculfor6113]

@@AstroCharlie Scott's on his way to 1,000,000 subs! I hope he makes it! And I hope you continue to make videos and grow!

[@YukonK9]

I Take away All your aweosme Rockets... ITAR

[@tomf3150]

Yeah, RIP UK Lipstick rocket...

[@markray7639]

Your a very smart man. I only wish more people would listen to people like you :)

[@lennarthcohen4626]

Start a patreon page, that would help you to cut the costs

[@BPSspace]

Hard agree

[@NielsNL68]

@@BPSspace Seeing @charlies vid today i directly was thinking of you. you would be a great combination to work together and build something amazing. I love your channel as well,

[@abrahamwilberforce9824]

I would support you on patreon, even though I am a physics student and have a toght budget I would surely support you on your quest of building rocket engines. In the hope that I can apply that knowledge once I have at least my bachelors degree.

[@lewweb451]

@@NielsNL68 I was thinking the very same thing when I was watching. But I soon started to Think that they might be in different leagues. Although maybe they could pair some of the technology.

[@zatheriz]

I’m complete amateur to anything engineering let alone rocketry. I’m attempting to build my own rocket that I hope eventually will lead to a flyable rocket. Your videos seem like a great start so thankyou

[@Extorc]

I promise , the notes linked are soo good and helpful

[@vedantmomaya1533]

Thnx sooo muh for this kind of a video , it's really rare to see such a good video on rocketry on tt 🙂🙂

[@simonatkins7735]

5:22 What 3d printer and filament did/do you use for your examples? Also, I appreciate the time you put into this content, Thank you

[@AstroCharlie]

I have three 3D printers. I used my personal remix of the Tech2C HyperCube for one, and my Prusa i3 Mk3S for the pintle and swirler.

[@yassin2471]

looks like PLA or PETG

[@junchiye5446]

Have been trying to design some rocket engines myself, after months of hard work, hoping to find a teacher... Well, why didn't I look into youtube. At least i'm smart enough to find the CEA program that does the maths for me. Currently still figuring out stuff about the injectors, extremely helpful here.

[@excellenceinanimation960]

This is insane! I want to build one! I have so much to learn!

[@bobafear8236]

That was so cool. Cant wait for the next episode !

[@kemfic]

great video! hope you keep doing more of these!

[@vorazechul]

Great work! My new favourite channel as well.

[@josephmiddleton8754]

Great video Charlie, very helpful!

[@paulmoffat9306]

Charlie briefly touched on one fact that few people realize: things do NOT burn, until they are in a gassious form! Look closely at any solid object that is 'burning' (wood), and you will see that it is the vapors coming out of the heated wood, that burns, and the heat from that combustion makes the wood release more vapor. Same thing for liquid fuels - burning takes place at the interface where the liquid is turning to a gas. The liquid itself does NOT burn. That is the secret of why today's vehicles have better fuel mileage than those of 40 years ago - better transformation of the gasoline fuel to a gas for combustion. Example: Charles Pogue's 1938 carburetor that achieved 208 mpg that was certified by the Ford Motor Company which recorded 27 miles on one pint of gasoline (216 mpg). That is also true of SpaceX's Raptor engine and Blue Origine's BE-4 engine. Their efficiency is in part due to using fuel and oxidizer that are both normally gassious before combustion.

[@nraynaud]

I feel like with a lathe you should be able to hit quite tight tolerances (around 0.05mm) on simple features, even if that means finishing with emery cloth.

[@kemfic]

4:52 aaah that laminar flow

[@rocketberger]

I see a Spaceport America Cup patch on that wall!!! NICE! Any updates on the solid propellant simulation software? Waiting patiently..... lol

[@AstroCharlie]

If you check my channel there's a an Episode 1 of 'Solid Rocket Motors' which should make you pretty happy!

[@willzellaplays6473]

Wow!... this guy is a genius.

[@marcoantoniolunalagunes5316]

congratulatins for these excellent explanations.

[@marcoantoniolunalagunes5316]

congratulations

[@comebackata2]

Hi Charlie! I'd like to get a copy of the 3D CAD files for the coaxial swirl injector at 4:03. How do I get in touch with you?

[@AstroCharlie]

You can reach me at www.garciasystems.space/contact The files are free to educators and my patreons.

[@maxk4324]

I am not sure what sort of machining facilities/equipment you have access to, but if you have a mill and vertical rotary indexer (i.e. the axis of rotation is parallel the ground) there is a way you could machine a vain-less pintle element (i.e. to provide a smooth curtain of oxidizer rather than radial jets). Basically it would be to come mount the "blank", as you call it, in the index, and com at it from the side with an end mill of the appropriate diameter. Once you reach the necessary depth of cut, begin turning the index slowly (make sure to keep in mind which direction is climb milling vs conventional milling) until you do a full revolution. Presto, smooth pintle element.

[@goshakrasovskiy7072]

Hey man, great video! I would love it if I can get the stls of some of the injectors! Our team is trying to design and machine an injector for a somewhat large hybrid rocket engine for the first time!

[@jeevajp2574]

you can use two different colors to see how well your injectors are working (water).

[@YukonK9]

Hey Charlie, will you make a video about your custom vavles on your RCS system? Even if they leak, it's super cool!

[@jimhenry1262]

I was in the military defense business some years ago ,now I am very interested in developing missiles for a new type of combat vehicle. I am going look you up in a couple years Charlie,to help us with a new type of missile. Great job young man!

[@DavidRodriguez-gy8jn]

Can you talk a little more about the cruciform? Looking good Charlie, keep going.

[@yucelkucukcirkin4252]

Hi brother, please excuse my ignorance but I just got curious. Did oscillations on the supply chanel affect rocket's performance? I mean at 4.33 the hose( which supplies water) clearly oscillating, how does a rocket engine responds those type of oscillations? By the way great video. I learnd a lot. Thank you for your effort :)

[@AstroCharlie]

The oscillations definitely would in a real rocket. There are several phenomenon related to this like pogo and chug. For this flow test article it hardly mattered.

[@lewweb451]

What techniques do they use? To reduce the oscillation or chug.

[@EricRobb]

Hello, Do you think it would make sense to make a fog machine using the same concept as rocket engines use to vaporize a liquid? If you could respond that would be awesome. Have a great day.

[@harryhaz6715]

This is great. Thank you.

[@saada230]

Hi, have you in any part of this playlist mentioned the cost for this entire project?

[@dns4kworks338]

If you study chemistry of different oxidizing agents, your not stuck with Liquid oxygen gas or nitrous Oxide. White fuming acid (WFNA) is a storable liquid oxidizer used with kerosene and hydrazine rocket fuel. It consists of nearly pure nitric acid (HNO3). ... WFNA also as well as RED fuming Nitric Acid is a great oxidizer. Another good oxidizer is Hydrogen peroxide--, Hydrogen peroxide can easily break down, or decompose, into water and oxygen by breaking up into two very reactive parts - either 2OHs or an H and HO2: If there are no other molecules to react with, the parts will form water and oxygen gas as these are more stable than the original molecule, H2O2. You can build a very powerful rocket with this compound called a H2o2 Monopropellant Rocket. Works in the principal of pressurizing 90% H202 with nitrogen shooting into a Catalyst pack that decomposes it into steam and Oxygen which then exits through the combustion chamber with a solid type fuel, and is ignited burning the two substances violently into the conversion zone of the rocket nozzle at subsonic speeds entering through the throat and passing through the diversion zone at supersonic speeds. This is the cheapest and yet most effective way to build a very powerful rocket and it can be throttled up or down. No complex machining is required to accomplish this rocket. Im building a land speed Rocket powered motorcycle so ive been studding a lot. and it helps having a father who works for NASA. Dad get me some Liquid Oxygen and Liquid hydrogen from work LOL

[@bdshayward]

Hi Charlie, thanks so much for your videos! I've been designing a rocket for about a year now, however I've struggled with the oxidiser. I was wondering how you were able to source your liquid oxygen?

[@AstroCharlie]

Airgas, Linde, etc are usually good sources. Local welding shops may also stock some in high pressure dewars.

[@goofyrulez7914]

Question: Is the injector for a LASR engine very different to that of a "conventional" rocket engine?

[@totilujan]

Charlie, great video! I love it. In the case of an electro pumpfed engine how could do you test how close to flight ready it is or its TRL? I am asking because I was pitched to invest and would like to know how advanced the engine really is. And what parameters are the most important? I imagine chamber pressure(bar/psi), stability, burn time, Isp, etc.

[@raptor_four]

Awesome videos☺ I love them thanks

[@brians8799]

I'm designing a liquid rocket engine with a coaxial swirl injector. Are there any handbooks or guides on designing and doing the math on those types of injectors? I'm sure there are some long research papers that would take a while to find and to read through.

[@leoma9955]

Hi Charlie, could you please explain a bit on how the fuel and oxidizer flow from the injector plate to the injectors? I am a little confused on the things things that go inside the plate and how the fuel/oxidizer are spread to different injectors through one tube. Thanks!

[@kman2747]

Great and informative video. Also, first like

[@GhostEkip]

I'm building a solid fuel rocket. I apologize for my ignorance here. I want to make a liquid rocket engine, but how much pressure is enough to pump the fuel into the combustion chamber. Or I have no idea how to do that. I don't know if I can complete the rocket with this and I'm going back to this video for fuel injectors.

[@yorklin3672]

Plz keep us updated

[@nyameaamagambrah8550]

Do you know any other way propellant mixture ratio can be controlled without control valves?

[@RyanDobler]

I have a couple of aluminum scuba tanks sitting in my garage if you're interested!

[@AstroCharlie]

I'm very interested! If you'd like you can find my contact info on my 'About' page on my chanel and shoot me a message.

[@ashrafulalam8402]

Can you make a video on solid rocket booster seperation mechanism? How the explosive bolt works ?It would highly appreciated if you do such one .

[@clavo3352]

Really good video. More graphics !

[@martinkamau702]

How do I go about the design of a pintle injector for ethanol and gas oxygen

[@brendenreeds3643]

Going with the lowest pressure drop possible may not be the best idea due to combustion instability. Huzel and Huang (arc.aiaa.org/doi/book/10.2514/4.866197) recommend around a 20% of chamber pressure drop across the injector elements as chamber pressure fluctuations of around 5% are typical. A higher injector pressure drop will lead to a more stable injector as Pc fluctuations will have less of an effect on local mass flow rates.

[@AstroCharlie]

Hi Brenden. First off, thank you, this is a super constructive comment, Huzel and Huang is where I started building my first engine. I currently have a 9% pressure drop over the injector, which is inline with TRW efforts, though admittedly they have a ton more design resources than me to sus-out combustion instability. I'll keep in mind adding some more margin here, along with feed system stiffness if I have future issues.

[@benjamingalyon2045]

So I’m just a little confused so you have both a oxidizer injector and fuel injector like so separate injectors I’m assuming so but just making sure

[@slevinshafel9395]

why the bipropelent engine dont get mixed befor combustion? oxigen if got flame inside will blowup and the methane the same(or i am worng). So mixig them before chamber to avoid injectors(using just valve)

[@joaolucasbarbosa8285]

I'm not exactly an educator, but I was wondering if I could get those stl files so that I can use at a prototype injector that I have to design for my trainee project at my university's rocket team. Thanks in advance for the attention

[@manishd3590]

Can I get the 3d model of the pintel injector so that I can 3d print it? Sry to ask this cause we are a bunch of school students who need to do this..

[@dhrumilpatadia5099]

How do you calculate actual pressure drop across injector ? How did you get lower end of acceptable pressure drop ?

[@aryaraval1459]

Hello charlie, I need the stl files for the injector for my classroom demonstration as i am a teacher at aerospace research institute. Dont know if you are responding or not.

[@10gamer64]

Quick question: What are the legalities of building a liquid fueled rocket engine?

[@radon1221]

what pressurant is used for the tanks (Helium?) and how are they put into the tanks?

[@DefaultSkateTrick]

Hello, I am currently a senior in university studying Aerospace Engineering. I am working on a senior project to design an aerospike, both liquid and solid fuel. Currently working on designing an injector and combustion chamber for the liquid aerospike. I would like to present to my team some options for the injectors and would like to 3d print them. Could you send the stl files my way? Would be greatly appreciated. Thank you

[@ryandavis9879]

Hey Charlie. Great video. I’m currently in school for aerospace engineering, and am trying to do some research (and building) of a small scale rocket. Long term goal is to launch a small payload to about 10,000 feet (could change to 30,000 ft). Any advice or help you could offer me would be greatly appreciated.

[@teratakspace7386]

I don't understand why you use the density values ​​for an atmospheric pressure, when the pressure is higher in the engine, to calculate the propellant flow.

[@quinn165]

Do you use high pressure He to flow your fuel and oxidizer?

[@api9mm]

Consider CFD software to check your flow geometry calculations.

[@fernandohood5542]

Can you explain the pintel injector in more detail?

[@farukhkhan100]

What if I take the liquid oxygen oxidizer and mix it with kerosene as propellant and store it inside the same fuel container with the right proportion of each? And use a car fuel injector to atomize the whole mixture and inject it into the combustion chamber?

[@robbiejames1540]

You'll get a large explosion.

[@junuhunuproductions]

Awesome man!!!👊

[@coolcrazyfox3936]

OK so I was thinking about trying to make an engine but how do I stop the combustion chamber from igniting the atomized mixture and then igniting the tank?

[@AstroCharlie]

You need pressure drop over your injector.

[@coolcrazyfox3936]

@@AstroCharlie How?

[@joshuacornelius2009]

Some of those patches are serialized! Where'd you get them?

[@AstroCharlie]

They're mine ;)

[@joshuacornelius2009]

@@AstroCharlie Noice, I can see your Iridium-7 is 7017, mine is 6330 ;)

[@Leo-it9dc]

How do i know the right amount of injectos?

[@aristeidislykas7163]

Have you thought of using Butanol Alcohol? It creates slightly cooler tmperatires than Kerosene does. And it has smaller combustion-instability (oxygen atom in the molecule), problems.

[@AstroCharlie]

I'm using 70% ethanol.

[@aristeidislykas7163]

@@AstroCharlie Good idea.

[@ashrafulalam8402]

Hey ,I'm a keen viewer of your videos .Can you please deliver a detail lecture on explosive bolt mechanism ?What mechanisms are used in solid rocket booster seperation ?Please give me a reply

[@hamishneilsen]

what type of preburner are you planning on using?

[@theredstonehive]

I think he is designing a pressure fed engine.

[@Larsosborne]

Why is the desired resultant stream angle 45 degrees? Is that the angle with the best mixing?

[@AstroCharlie]

Honestly, I don't have an especially good reason other than prior knowledge for other injectors that momentum matching is good at maximizing chamber residence while minimizing wall impingement. Better literature or rationales would be appreciated.

[@eldrugoalex]

Maybe this is a stupid question but, why not just car fuel injectors?

[@polarbear2272]

I heard that bps is working o an engine are u both working on the same engine?

[@ezranestel4172]

Very interesting!

[@mrtnt5732]

You keep going, i have an icbm I have to make (for legal reasons that's a joke, America)

[@subhabratadas5153]

I see you before in BPS.Space

[@luka2987]

Idk if you are still reading these comments but if so can you link the 3d files of the different types of injectors? And thank you for these videos these are very helpfull and interesting!

[@matthewnewell2392]

This is so incredibly cool! The only thing I’d ask is that you talk just a little slower haha, but maybe that’s just me

[@aaronhurley101]

It's Q=V*A not V=A*Q

[@AstroCharlie]

You're entirely right, and this is what I get for throwing equations up on a whiteboard while recording. All of the actual design happened in python, so I could iterate over a lot of possible options. And thankfully for my dignity, I used the correct equations in python.

[@aaronhurley101]

@@AstroCharlie Great video 👍

[@SweetSQM]

Good video Thank You!

[@unoriginalusernameno999]

Are you getting paid for these videos? They're so good man!