😕LoRA vs Dreambooth vs Textual Inversion vs Hypernetworks

There are 5 methods for teaching specific concepts, objects of styles to your Stable Diffusion: Textual Inversion, Dreambooth, Hypernetworks, LoRA and Aesthetic Gradients. The question is: which one should you use?
In this video we review 3 key research papers, look at the underlying mathematical mechanics behind each method, analyze data from civitai to arrive at an informed and final conclusion.
Discord: / discord
Live Stream in 8 hours: • 😕LoRA vs Dreambooth vs...
======= Links =======
Spreadsheet: docs.google.co...
LoRA paper: arxiv.org/abs/...
Dreambooth Paper: arxiv.org/abs/...
Textual Inversion Paper: arxiv.org/abs/...
Dreaming Tulpa: / dreamingtulpa
Driving a machine insane with Dreambooth: • I drove a Machine Insane
Good Tutorials:
Dreambooth tutorial by OlivioSarikas: • DreamBooth for Automat...
Hypernetworks tutorial by Aitrepreneur: • HYPERNETWORK: Train St...
Textual Inversion tutorial by Aitrepreneur: • ULTIMATE FREE TEXTUAL ...
Textual Inversion Paper Walkthough by me: • Textual Inversion with...
LoRA tutorial by me: • 7GB RAM Dreambooth wit...
LoRA tutorial by Nerdy Rodent: • LORA for Stable Diffus...
Aesthetic Embedings tutorial: • How to use Aesthetic G...
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#stablediffusion #aiart #ai #machinelearning #dreambooth #textual-inversion #hypernetworks #lora #aesthetic-gradients #tutorials #resarch #aesthetic-embeddings

[@infocyde2024]

The thing about textual inversions is that they create embeddings that are cross combatable with the base models. A textual inversion trained with SD 1.5 will work with all 1.5 based models, and here is the kicker, you can combine them without having to do any model merging. That is HUGE.

[@lewingtonn]

yeah, the flexibility of textual inversion is a big factor, also it's really cool conceptually!!

[@zyin]

The video really should have mentioned this, it's an incredible advantage for embeddings that was just left out.

[@neilslater8223]

Yes, combining two, three or more Dreambooth models is possible, but it takes time and generates yet another 2GB+ model that you need to save somewhere. Whilst textual inversions can be used flexibly within the prompts in any combination, including weighting them, using as negative prompts, all on the fly with no extra file management However, textual inversion cannot learn to output things that the base model is not able to do at all. So depending on the base model, it may not be possible to train a textual inversion for a specific concept.

[@infocyde2024]

@@expodemita I do not think they are compatible between 1.4/1.5 and 2.0 2.1. 2.0 and 2.1 should be compatible.

[@alexandrmalafeev7182]

@@infocyde2024 2.0 and 2.1 are for sure

[@simonbronson]

Much appreciated, having someone clever distil all of this dense information down and explain it succinctly and with so much enthusiasm is so refreshing!

[@KalebWyman]

Thanks for explaining these so well, your visual diagrams are great!

[@NukerOfFace]

Superb video. I don't think I've ever seen a tutorial/explaination for anything that is this good.

[@GayanZmith-vy1ql]

i'm a total beginner to AI, and i suck at math, but you somehow managed to clear a shit ton of confusion. I was hooked on Dreambooth tutorials and trust me, you don't want that. I literally thought i was not going to be able to get started simply because of the massive resources it required. Trust me, you are really good at explaning things :) Really appreaciate the help

[@glasco_]

I’ve been trying to install dream booth for 3 days now. No success. Ready to walk in front of a bus

[@takeuchi5760]

Thanks so much for this. Very underrated channel, literally was thinking something like this would be really helpful.

[@jackzhang891]

Hey Koiboi. Great video. When you made this video, as you said yourself, LoRA was still very new and the stats are probably not accurate. Now that a good amount of time has passed, I would love to watch an updated analysis video on the effectiveness of LoRA compared to Dreambooth and Textual Inversion. Either way, this is the most informative video I've watched so far comparing these fine-tuning models. Liked and subbed 👍.

[@metamon2704]

You explained that amazingly, very easy to understand - also things move fast because it seems like LoRA is now the most popular.

[@kulusic1]

Textual inversion is far better on 2.1 than 1.5, and i think that's why they don't get the same love dreambooth receives. You can also speed up textual inversion training if you spend a few minutes getting the initializing text right so the vectors start in relatively close proximity to their final resting place. The best part imo, is you can combine many embeddings together, something which dreamtbooth doesn't really allow.

[@sommeliereroguro]

How can you get the initializing text right before the training?

[@alefratat4018]

@@sommeliereroguro By running image to text I suppose ?

[@nathanbollman]

Ironically I haven't been able to run dreambooth yet,I switched to linux for AI... something broken with PyTorch2.0 and Cuda11.7 only thing affected is dreambooth training. Turn on gradient checkpoint and it cant train, turn it off and I cant make it to the first epoch without running out of 24GB of vram? I hope this gets fixed soon.

[@sub-jec-tiv]

Totally agree. Suuper crucial to be able to call multiple embeddings in a prompt!

[@tomm5765]

Thanks for your hard work putting this together, very helpful to evolve my understanding of the different approaches. Much appreciated!

[@AC-zv3fx]

LORA works only with an extension, and many people don't know how to use it yet, hence lower ratings. Great video btw! Visual comparision would have been great as well! As far as I can remember, there was one in LORA blogpost, showing how textual inversion may be less flexible than dreambooth or lora, and the latter two were showing comparatively similar results.

[@Avenger222]

Auto added compatibility now! But it was only added recently. (I still use the extension, I find the drop-down much easier to use than how auto implemented it, plus it gives you the ability to tweak the weight of both U-Net and the Text Encoder -- super cool!)

[@artavenuebln]

i did everything i should do and i never get lora to run. it was no issue with the textual inversion, tho.

[@glitter_fart]

controlnet has almost made lora obsolete for anything other than oddities

[@AleOnYouTube]

you deserve more subscribers, only channel I found that actually delivers what you need to know

[@jitgo]

All different now! LoRA is by far the best all round method now and hugely gaining popularity... Great video by the way, excellent explanations!

[@TheTruthIsGonnaHurt]

Liked and Subscribed, Thank you for all the hard work!

[@anthonyaddo]

Such an EXCELLENT video. Very very well researched and perfectly presented. Thanks for sharing all your findings and appreciate the time it took.

[@CameronRule]

One interesting piece of data is Lora has quite a high faves per download rating while only being out for a short period of time

[@lewingtonn]

yeah, I saw that too.... good sign!

[@ArtfulRascal8]

the fact that you dont have10x more subscribers or views boggles me. i guess not enough sex and drama. i hate to be cynical but holy S*t this is a important subject. and you break things down so normies like me can understand. Thank you sincerely.

[@lewingtonn]

thanks so much dude!! I made a few off-topic passion-project videos that my audience didn't really understand, so I think youtube doesn't trust my content... something like that. Quality audience < quantity audience!

[@ArtfulRascal8]

@@lewingtonn youtube is tyrannical these days. I guess with the amount of videos being posted everyday they have to do some thing. but one would think searching would solve the issue of relevance and quality, but "the algorithm" obviously chooses who it vets, and who it vets is obviously etc etc etc. We could have this conversation for hours maybe even days lmao. but no really thanks for your content man. seriously.

[@lewingtonn]

​@@ArtfulRascal8 sounds like you probably know more about this than me lmao, but thanks honestly!

[@LuisPereira-bn8jq]

That was a really helpful video that definitely saved me a bunch of time trying to understand these differences by myself :P

[@lewingtonn]

saving people time makes me super happy, thanks!

[@mattecrystal6403]

I've been messing with Loras and they seem to work really well. You can also do a good amount of mix and matching with loras whereas a full model checkpoint only allows you to use that one model at a time. if I had a fruits lora and a vegetables lora, then I could just turn them both on to get fruits and vegies in my random prompt that doesn't ask for fruits or vegies. If I later just want fruit then I could just remove the vegies lora. I think loras are going to be big going forward, most people just don't know about them yet.

[@treyslider6954]

I get the feeling that Textual Inversion is the go-to for when you have a new idea you want to teach the model (like a specific character or subject), and Lora is great for when you have a concept you don't want to stop and explain to the model, or may have difficulty doing so. They're very similar things, but not quite the same. For example; loras are great for mimicking a specific art style, because instead of having to describe "I want a painted animation style like this specific style, but with eyes drawn just so", you can train a lora and then just say "" at the end of your prompt, and since it isn't actually part of the prompt, this clears up tokens for describing the actual thing you want depicted in that style.

[@ArbJunkAgeG]

This is exactly how i feel about lora. It’s disappointing that people don’t seem to gasp the same values of how beneficial loras can be.

[@tbuk8350]

@@treyslider6954 And also, as described in the Automatic1111 docs, Textual Inversion can't teach COMPLETELY new concepts. The example they gave is that if you trained a model that only knew how to make apples on images of bananas, it wouldn't learn what a banana is, it would just make long yellow apples (in the best-case scenario). Because it's not actually changing model weights, it's better for teaching a style than a new subject, because unless the subject is very similar to something it's seen, it can't learn it. LoRAs can teach a model something it's never seen before, because they are directly inserting weights into the model, meaning it's actually modifying the model and not the input going into it. Basically, Textual Inversion for simple styles, LoRA for anything complicated.

[@moneyjuice]

I love your videos, always on point !

[@toastypanda2963]

Great explanation! I've learned more about how AI art works from this video alone than all my previous watched videos combined. Everyone tends to say how to configure things without explaining how it works.

[@Animes4ever1]

Awesome comparison mate, great addition with the statistics, thanks a lot

[@daffertube]

Great video. Big thanks

[@dreamingtulpa]

Why am I only now seeing this? Great video and thanks for the feature ❤

[@Apothis1]

Really appreciate this, so many videos showing how to do this stuff, but not how it works, and specially not how it works dumbed down to a level I can understand. Very cool, thankyou

[@xhinker]

Nice video, even though I watched it 6 months later, lots of things happened, your video is still extremely helpful (except the LoRA part 😊)

[@Philip8888888]

Wow. Thanks for this video, esp. the first part which gave just enough detail to understand the trade-offs and underlying approaches.

[@wendellkwang3724]

what a great list of checkpoints you have, a man of culture 🤣

[@kyosukefukumoto9382]

This video is AMAZING! Thank you SO MUCH.

[@grahamulax]

This is the best video. You mentally collapsed at the end and I could relate so much hahah. Textual inverse IS THE COOLEST!...Now excuse me while I use some dreambooth.

[@j.clayton7672]

Awesome. As someone who was too lazy to look up the papers, and too stupid to understand them, I truly appreciate your video. I actually understood it.

[@swannschilling474]

Thanks for the input, good research!!

[@zynexis]

from what I gather at this point (may be wrong, don't know the exact details) this is how i view the various techniques: dreambooth: easy to use and see clear results due to typical aggressive training settings easy to overtrain, turning model into 1 trick pony can contaminate rest of model if overtrained merge can transfer contamination probably still good for merging overall textual inversion: works with several models with same base model doesn't learn anything cannot be included in a merge 'tricking' a model to output a result based on what it knows without understanding 'plug in' solution for specific objects/concepts hypernetworks: does not need mixing into model before use, unlike lora can be swapped and scaled on the fly in webui (req same base model) cannot be included in a merge LoRA: small file size but needs to be merged into another model (with same base) probably best for merging without affecting model broadly (no idea how lora merging affects actual model, are new nodes inserted?) finetuning: keep model stable while learning new concepts probably the most solid/slow/steady please feel free to add to list to or correct me

[@lewingtonn]

yeah, sounds very accurate to me The only thing I would mention is that I think that LoRA merging and hypernetwork merging can be done in exactly the same way, it's just that at the moment AUTOMATIC1111 does them differently

[@zynexis]

​@@lewingtonn that would make sense, if they both operate on those intermediary nodes it raises questions of how well LoRA/hypernetworks merge when several models are merged and how well they handle it seem the fewer subnodes are maybe more specialized in what they do to the underlying model. Maybe it just magically works out xD guess it would be similar to merging 2 hypernetworks and run the merged on a model

[@AB-wf8ek]

Thanks a ton for this breakdown, I've been struggling with this same question for a few weeks now. I had already come to a similar conclusion myself, but this was very validating. Dreambooth is preferred, but the models sizes make it so cumbersome and challenging to test different versions. With textual inversion, the file sizes are insignificant, and you can stack them on top of each other, making them very flexible. I haven't actually evaluated embeddedings (textual inversion) yet for quality because the animation notebook I use doesn't support them, but the developer just made it compatible, so I'm looking forward to testing it out more.

[@rickguzman9463]

THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU!! Great video. Great insight.

[@RemitheDreamfox]

You explained this so well. My smooth brain couldn't understand these different methods for the longest time \uwu/

[@StunMuffin]

The best explaining on the KZbin🎉❤

[@WarAnakin]

i don't usually comment on videos, but you dear sir deserve an applause for the level of research that you have achieved. Not only that, but you explained so that even a cat would understand it.

[@m3dia_offline]

I love it, love your promises on what we are going to get from your video at the very starting few seconds of the video itself, keep it going man, love your channel and your energy.

[@barryjones6479]

Great video and explanation! I really want TI to be the future but I agree, the quality of dreambooth training is usually better.

[@lewingtonn]

thank's for the data point!

[@ParanoidAmerican]

This video is exactly what I needed, and you went about it in the best way possible. Thanks for this

[@adriangpuiu]

the conclusion is simple. use kohya ss to extract the lora deltas from checkpoints ..... thus you end up with 1 base model and plenty of lora files that are few MB in size

[@fun7704]

This was a very informative video in fact, thank you! And I like your very dramatic delivery of the content! :)

[@suryaprasathramalingam2421]

thanks for the short explanation. Loved it!

[@errrorproduction]

really great video! finally understand the differences. just the conclusion is already out of date, since we're moving so incredibly fast. lora, is the most popular format on civitai now. understandable, since training is the quickest, even though ti's end-result is much smaller.

[@Beef_Supreeeme]

You have to respect the effort in making this video.

[@lucretius1111]

You're blowing my mind. Why did I pay for college? This is so much better. I'm so mad at myself!

[@tbuk8350]

This video is incredibly helpful. I'm probably going to use either LoRA or Dreambooth, as Textual Inversion can't teach brand new subjects as well as you can by directly inserting or modifying weights in the model.

[@friendofai]

Really great video, thanks for sharing all your research!

[@lewingtonn]

glad it helped!

[@jondargy]

Very nice summary- thank you 🙏

[@kazimozden4010]

Thank you for an informative and engaging video!

[@Roughneck7712]

Great video! Personally, I like textual inversion and feel that - ultimately - that's where most will end up gravitating to for training. HOWEVER, I really wish someone would create clear instructions on image captioning best practices when preparing the datasets for training images ... HINT HINT!

[@lewingtonn]

haha I'll chuck 'er on the backlog!

[@magenta6]

Aitrepreneur has a very good tutorial on this. kzbin.info/www/bejne/aJrXqp-VmbOFhNk

[@martinchen9667]

brilliant video, thank you for all the efforts!

thanks for making those complex concepts easy to understand!

Thank You a lot. This has been a really good explanation that I felt missing.

[@dv8silencermobile]

You are really good at explaining this stuff. Thanks!

[@yo252yo]

this is the best video about the topic ive ever seen, thanks so much

[@fredingham1855]

Outstanding job explaining these concepts! Well done!

[@dalefunk2709]

textual inversion makes WAY more sense. To put it plainly its training the word, or "changing the definition" of what that word means to the model. so like you said "sks" might put out a sign or something, but by the end the model understands the word now means "corgi". Its like how normal words become slang words in real life, or phrases change their meanings as language develops.

[@Exaltar]

You're a god damn genius, been watching your videos for the last 2 days. I love your content but I feel like a total moron because I know you're explaining things in the best way possible for a laymen like myself.

[@lewingtonn]

hahaha that's super high praise dude, I'm glad you find my stuff helpful!

[@Unstable_Stories]

I greatly appreciate this video sir! It is really helpful for me to have context of how things actually work behind the scenes to make mental connections and improve how I interact with the external program.

[@ksottam]

Loved this breakdown. You need more followers!

[@austinliu9218]

clearly explained, much appreciated!

[@JunaidAzizChannel]

Man casually delivers a masters degree course with a research thesis in 20 minutes

[@genfaze]

lora is my go-to. Being able to hotswap and combine styles/likeness/scenes on the fly and being able to adjust weights is SO powerful.

[@BlancheNuit]

That is the type of quality content that I'm digging for. I want to understand Stable Diffusion and everything related. But my attention span/knowledge about programming is not enough that I can just read papers about it. So I need videos, with visuals, and easy explainations. And your video was Perfect. Liked + Subscribed :)

[@danielaston6560]

This video is dope. Super clear and informative. Thank you!!!

[@ddude2]

Amazing video with the explanation on the heuristics. Have you updated your excel with the usage now after 4 months and would you change the opinion based on your quantitative data from civitai

[@ModestJoke]

"SKS" is a type of rifle. The point of Dreambooth is to overwrite what the model knows about a given word, either partially or completely. You can add new dog breeds to the model by training pictures of them under the generic class "dog" without destroying all the other kinds of dogs the model knows if you only train a little bit. Or you can make every dog you produce be your dog if you overtraining it. The point of choosing "sks" is not to use a word the model doesn't know. The point is to use a word you don't care if you overwrite completely, and then training it enough so that it works in your desired prompt. You could train "a photo of a dog person" to be pictures of you if you train it long enough. You're much better off training it to use a word with some meaning to you. Like a misspelling of a name, or by using "l33t $p34k" to spell it, or something else that's not real, yet has meaning to you. That way you can have different strings of text for different subjects of styles and put them all in the *same* model. If you always use "sks" or "ohwx", then you need en entire checkpoint per subject, and that's a bad idea.

[@crustysoda]

Thank you for model explanation. Really loved your content so far. At the end of civitai comparison, I’m curious if we split data to use cases, object embedding vs style embedding would have different performance/preference.

[@lewingtonn]

that's a super hard question to answer :(

[@tljstewart]

ok you had me @00:27 , would be cool to see a video on civitai

[@neocaron87]

That was absolutely awesome. Thanks for that, I wish you'd do a deep dive tutorial of the most recent update of dreambooth in automatic 1111, some settings seems to have major impact in the training while not being very much covered. (Gradient anyone? XD)

[@Atomizer74]

Yeah, every time I grasp the settings a bit better, new settings get added.

[@Funzelwicht]

Awesome explanantion for everyone!

[@ytchen6748]

What a great video! Thanks for your academic sharing and empirical results❤

[@Grifter]

I've used all these methods besides dreambooth. And from my experience on training a specific person LORA has gave me the best results and it's also the quickest of the methods i've tried as well which is a bonus. You can also use them on any model and mix them together ect. The only problem i've had is using it to produce two different people at the same time. As you can't go over a total weight of 1.0 but more realistically like 0.8 and the more you use together the lower the weight you have to use for each. But that can be solved using inpainting or probably other methods as well.

[@takif8756]

Great tutorial mate, thank you!

[@itstimconnors]

holy crap this video is SO helpful I wish I found this sooner 😂

[@lionroot_tv]

This is great. Thank you for sharing your knowledge, and about Excalidraw.

[@jeronimogauna7508]

Best video I ever seen. Best vibes! Thanks so much

[@TheAnna1101]

Thanks for making such great and informative video. Keep up the good work

[@gamebro6337]

Sir, thanks for your effort and detailed explanation 🫡🫡🫡learned so much🙇‍♂🙇‍♂🙇‍♂

[@caschque7242]

Really good guide. One constructive critical point: when calculating for a trend of data: do it by time, not in total. Dreambooth was the first one, so you biased the numbers in favor, simply because Dreambooth existed for longer. For the favorites, you could do Favorites/Downloads.

[@ronenbecker1873]

You're an absolute legend. Great video

[@VitaNova83]

Absolutely incredible video, thank you!

[@ticosanjr]

Great Video! Thank you very much!

[@MarcusStreips]

Nicely done. I know from experience that training Dreambooth requires at least 10 GB of VRAM, so its not accessible to everyone. I am definitely going to check out the other methods.

[@404S1mon]

wow that was great, thank you so much!

[@thanksfernuthin]

Great info! And coincides with what I learned on Computerphile's channel. Slowly but surely my mind is able to wrap around with what we're dealing with.

[@cinematic_monkey]

What I was looking for in that video was the comparison of usability in different scenarios. Which model is good for faces which one for style transfer etc. I'm missing that, other than that quite comprehensive comparison. Good job!

[@NetworkDirection]

Hey, you're that guy from IT Masters!

[@maggiezhuang3842]

This is awesome! thank you!

[@kirollosmalek1365]

man you're a hero

[@takocain]

That was an insanely good explanation. Thank you!

[@keiralx]

Great video, really helped me understand this

[@badradish2116]

could you please do a part 2 where you - explain aesthetic gradients for educational purposes, and maybe provide data on user feedback like you did at the end for the others. - explain lycoris, which from what i understand is lora + 4 random good ideas, but id love to see someone on your level break it down a bit better. - give us updated data on the other forms now that more feedback is available (you mentioned not having a big enough sample size to judge the newest tech). that would be insanely helpful. thanks!

[@KnightLenny]

Amazing educational video!

[@parasite34]

insane work and attention here

[@ila3028]

LoRA: Best at Output size and GPU usage. To me is a clear winner an probably a game changer.

[@klanowicz]

Thank you. I finnaly undestand them :)

[@Koba_K24]

Wonderful stuff m8! Finally understood LoRA!! Btw discord link is dead, can you share a new one?

[@lewingtonn]

are you some kind of bot, I just tried it and it seems fine to me