"sio-do" is derived from word "short", that's correct. However, Taiwanese don't use it for length or height measuring, ever. It actually means "short-circuited." So you can say it literally to mean an electronic device is short-circuited, or figuratively to mean a person who makes a blunder, like his/her brain is short-circuited unexpectedly. And actually in this video, all the examples you gave are derived from Japanese English (和製英語), so we have other ways to say them in Taiwanese.
I think this challenge helps your family to learn/speak Taiwanese language, Miss Elizabeth, so that it is useful for them when they (including you) travel to Taiwan in the future.👍🏻
As an american born taiwanese speaking household taiwanese growing up, it really feels like cheating when I use these loan words in normal conversation. Also I learned some new words in taiwanese today, thank you!