Magnetic Air Engine

[@integza]

You can get all the 3D models (Native Files, STEP Files and STLs) here:integza.com/collections/3d-models

[@brucebaxter6923]

Needs more tomatoes

[@jasonlin9805]

Make it run on tomatoes

[@jak3677]

The piston is made by hand using a dremel which is tricky poiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii ,🤣 i have rewatched that part many times and i cant stop laughing

[@harryvlogs7833]

You could put some oil in the piston to decrease friction and create more of an air tight seal

[@samgranier6735]

Excellent 👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍 If you have the Time Can you build a accélérateur linéaire (V french ) Its Berry intresting (intéressant VF )

[@stevepittman3770]

Tom Stanton has been doing a ton of work on refining this kind of air-powered engine design over on his channel, you guys should collaborate! Tomatoes are disgusting!

[@ChrisSturluson]

Yeah I was gonna comment this. That'd be awesome, right?

[@wermaus]

Yeah and his latest stuff gets EFFICIENT

[@OriginalUnknown2]

I just saw his videos on this last week and now seeing Integza do it, I was having a strange sense of deja vu 😂

[@lucagraf4214]

I was thinking exactly that, a collab between the two of them would be so cool

[@victorx3820]

Was gonna say the same

[@vyvyyv8vohvgu77]

It's Interesting how I never thought of that but it kinda makes sense if you think about it. It would be interesting to see this design taken further and being used on a vehicle (small car, maybe even RC :-)

[@csabadoth4838]

Yes it can be used ... and yes they have used it .. the guy in Australia has one , and mdi has one ... they won't let them use the already existing tech..

[@iudahuhfuafguafg]

I hope you get the 3d printer :)

[@EarthlingNews]

Jay Leno has a couple Dobles you'd appreciate, you should check em out. Runs purely on pressure from a boiler

[@eleithias]

MIT made a car in the early 90s I believe using similar concepts, but with hydraulic fluid, to get 80 miles to the gallon. I guess powered engine would be used as a pump to Reservoir with hydraulic fluid, which would be let out to turn a crank

[@blakeazar480]

Just put dry ice in the bottle and it will constantly keep the pressure up. You could add a safety mechanism to release the pressure if it gets too high.

[@Malkawi_FTP]

As much as I like the idea, but dry ice won't be able to keep up with pressure drainage

[@antonisdouropoulos500]

There is always the choice of liquid nitrogen

[@genericfpv2464]

​@@Malkawi_FTPit definitely can if enough is used and it broken up to have enough surface area

[@greenaum]

@@genericfpv2464 A problem might be that as the CO2 sublimates, the pieces shrink, lose surface area. Similarly the bottle will get colder and colder. These will both reduce the rate the CO2 sublimates at, providing dwindling pressure. You could maybe try heating it, but that's booking a ticket to hospital. You can have a safety over-pressure valve but you don't want to end up losing too much of the gas that way. I bet it'd be tricky. Maybe some sort of chemical gas generator? As simple as vinegar + bicarbonate of soda, or something better. Aeroplanes use little canisters of chemicals to generate emergency oxygen for the masks. One generator per mask. They just crack a lever and the reaction starts. It gets quite hot, actually a load of old oxygen generators were once shipped, improperly, in a plane's cargo container and brought the plane down, caused a disaster and killed a load of people. They're explosive if you're not careful. All that heat + oxygen plus obviously reactants.

[@lordwelldown]

co2 and liquid nitrogen both will blow up the bottle, i have tried this. my coworker basically blew hius hand off with nitrogen filled bottle

[@mahamasamataman3087]

Some thoughts for improvements... 1. Reduce the volume of air after the "ignition valve" (the one providing air to the cylinder). As it currently is, the pressure shoots up when the valve is open - compressing the entire volume not just the cylinder. It seemed like it was a sort of loopy hose. If the volume there is high enough, it won't be able to fully depressurize when the piston is at bottom and the exhaust ports are open. If it doesn't fully depressurize, then the piston will have to fight the remaining pressure in order to get back to the top of the cylinder. 2. Rather than use a second valve, consider just using a pressure regulator between your high pressure source and the bottle. The bottle can be a smaller one; but the opening should be fairly open -- otherwise you could just use a CO2 canister that you previously emptied. By using a pressure regulator, you won't need a controller. You could then have a source bank of a few of the CO2 canisters, the regulator, a small bottle, the ignition valve and then the piston... it should fit in a model ship if you wanted to do some gear reduction to a paddle wheel or something like that... 3. Lastly, because you are starting with compressed air, there could be a different way to go about it. Consider a wheel with multiple scoops out of its outer edge. These scoops should be something more like a J profile so that one side was very sloped and the other very "catchy". For the simplest design the outer case would have air input ports and air output ports spaced around. The length of the scoops should be such that no two adjacent ports would be open at the same time. You should consider a different number of scoops (say perhaps six) verses sets of input/output ports (perhaps five) -- so that there should always be an input port open to one of the scoops at all times... thus self starting. The wheel itself would be the flywheel... so you could space some nuts around it for mass. You could use magnets if you wanted to in order to use the controller to adjust the pressure to get a desired speed. The first version could just leave the air pressure on all of the time. If you wanted to get more efficient, you could have an "ignition valve" for each input port. Use a single magnet in the flywheel to make the timing right for all of the input ports. Just some ideas, lots of luck...

[@jc021286]

Sad to not see any tesla valves. Maybe if the plunger was a tesla valve

[@chronicleheavy]

Its always great seeing his face lightup as his machines start to work

[@FilosophicalPharmer]

If Tesla had a KZbin channel - and lived in Portugal and had younger sisters involuntarily helping with his experiments - this is what the channel would be like.

[@Drhank359]

@DontReadMyProfilePicture.57 get a life

[@locke_ytb]

Yeah, 4:00

[@AnkitKumar-lq1oh]

Yeah he would be proud seeing his channel

[@U9IR]

@DontReadMyProfilePicture.57I won’t read it

[@Levibetz]

I suggested this to Tom as well but I think you could get a big jump in efficiency by implementing a helmholtz resonator around the exhaust ports such that after the pressure spike it cycles to a low pressure for the next cycle's exhaust phase. If you can get down to atmospheric or lower pressure in the cylinder on the up stroke it'd take a lot of waste out of the engine.

[@Erik_Swiger]

If the engine runs at a constant speed, the intake can be tuned as well as the exhaust.

[@Levibetz]

@@Erik_Swiger That's true! I think the exhaust will give a bigger benefit though.

[@WarttHog]

Fluid mechanics is basically black magic to me. I only know enough to know you're probably right about lots of efficiency being left on the table there. I was thinking that with Tom's two cylinder version as well, thinking you could get some kind of intake and/or exhaust resonance between the two.

[@Levibetz]

@@WarttHog Yeah that could be! I think basically you'd want to design that length of tube between the solenoid valve and the ball valve such that when the ball slams shut it creates a high pressure pulse that reflects back off the closed solenoid valve such that the air that's actually flowing in to the cylinder on power stroke picks up a tiny bit more pressure. I think the difference would be significantly less though, and likely you'd have to have a pretty significant legnth of tube.

[@Tuesdae333]

That is a pretty good idea!

[@jonathanshul7939]

You should probably make a collab with Tom Stanton because he made a similar air engine that he has been perfecting.

[@justinpatterson5291]

That is an incredible little motor.

[@Qwarzz]

Yea the latest from Tom was quite good.

[@pseudotasuki]

Tom made some massive power and efficiency gains in his latest video. Waaaay ahead of Integza.

[@Cap-9956]

Was going to point that out, that's a great idea!

[@ArnaudMEURET]

😂you think he doesn’t know that !?

[@alden1132]

I just had an amazing idea, and I HAD to come back and share it. What if you put a thick, strong rubber balloon, one that takes at least 1 bar of pressure to inflate beyond its empty state, inside the pressure vessel (the bottle, in this instance), such that when you pressurize the bottle, you're inflating that balloon inside the bottle? It wouldn't affect the maximum amount of pressure the bottle can hold, as the balloon would just mold to the shape of the bottle, but when the bottle is close to empty, the balloon will continue to squeeze out air until it's completely "relaxed." I'm pretty sure it would act too keep the air under pressure until the very lay moment, while also helping to keep the pressure constant until it reaches that point! You could also just wrap thick rubber bands around the bottle, which would achieve the same effect while also strengthening the bottle,but the balloon method woukd achieve the same effect, but in a simpler way.

[@neoboost6377]

To utilize the full potential of the electrical valve you should, instead of the magnet switch use a sliding contact on the flywheel (like a contact breaker in an old engine), this would allow you to not just open the valve at exactly top dead center, giving you more power and better efficiency, but also give you the ability to tune the engine for power/ run duration by varying the length of the metal strip: Top dead center to ~90 degress of rotation for longer running time | Top dead center to exposure point of the outlets for maximal power Edit: Alternatively you could use a cam & microswitch, instead of a sliding contact, this would be easier to set up, but you'd have to deal with imbalence of the flywheel caused by adding the cam.

[@vannoo67]

There are also opportunities to use the microcontroller to tune the engine by tweaking the delay

[@fusseldieb]

Well, he might as well just use the MCU for that.

[@oasntet]

At the very least, just moving TDC a bit back should account for the opening delay of the electronic valve, which should allow for better performance without adding a computer into the mix.

[@squidcaps4308]

The valve needs to be opened before top, there is a delay not just in the mechanism but the pulse of air has to travel some distance. Even if the cylinder is bolted directly to the valve, there is delay.

[@szogun1987]

Good extension of it would be pressure sensor between valve and piston, to shorten openings when pressure is high and make them longer when goes down

[@LexLoTUStheGawd]

As a car guy who loves your videos, it would be very cool to see this design implemented in an inline, multicylinder engine! Much love Integza!

[@downbelow5532]

Or a rotary engine instead of an inline 4stroke engine.

[@leecline5759]

​@@downbelow5532 It's a 2 stroke engine, not a 4 stroke.

[@CoconutMigrating]

@@downbelow5532rotary would be way more complex without benefit. Boxer or radial cylinder engines would be much easier.

[@winterloggan]

If you want to increase max RPM, consider using two solenoid valves in parallel. That way you can alternate between the two, theoretically doubling the rate which you can supply air to the engine.

[@6adget]

Exactly what I thought. I'm sure others did too.

[@indeedDE01]

yep, had the same thought@@6adget

[@ronrothrock7116]

If he added a different type of valve mechanism that didn't involve back pressure on the piston he could basically triple the efficiency with the 2 ideas together.

[@nargileh1]

That would give you two equally limited valves that eventually reach an RPM where either of them just stays open for too long and starts providing power on the upstroke which kills the momentum upon which the engine relies to complete it's cycle.

[@indeedDE01]

then just add another@@nargileh1

[@Oli4Post]

Use a 1-litre scuba tank and a first-stage pressure reducer. Then you have 200 litres in 200 bars reduced to 8 bars. These tanks are common in the diving community as "argon" tanks for dry suits ( but everybody just uses them with cheaper air). Just fill at any dive shop for under a euro. Any other size tank (0,1 to 15 litres) is usable too.

[@bonzairob]

If you put the magnet on the crank wheel, you could adjust the engine timing by moving the hall effect sensor around it - that way you could pre-fire the solenoid valve and get it to go faster :)

[@RED_carps]

That is less efficient

[@Reverend_Salem]

also make it so upu can habe 2 valves, one for intake and one for exaust.

[@davecleavenger9627]

Improvement Idea: I wonder if you could retrofit a rim/tire to provide both the air reservoir and means of locomotion. If you do the BB8 thing, where an off-center weight is the actual transfer of motion, use your air engine to move the weight forward a bit and let gravity do the work of moving the tire along. If you use your timing circuit to detect top dead center, you could add another signal that detected if the weight is bottom dead center, then AND the two signals together to fire the engine. Or something.

[@eykan_ow]

The resemblance to Tom Stanton's video about this type of engine is insane, even the same sponsor! x)

[@Roukos_Rks]

you can add a pressure regulator to the tank so that the perfomance of the engine stays constant throughout most of the tank pressures

[@dylangergutierrez]

He kinda did make a form of pressure regulator (with a bit of hysteresis) in the form of the blipping CO2 canister valve

[@taylanbbb]

I would recommend using an air regulator between the bottle and the air engine. I think it will reduce the oscillations in pressure. Also use it with your CO2 recharging system because that was genius. Happy building!

[@formdusktilldeath]

The whole bottle and valve system is acting as a regulator in principal here. Why not just use the cartridge with an regulator instead? Would save on weight.

[@Kneumann1991]

@@formdusktilldeath Exactly. All he needs to do is connect the CO2 cartridge directly to a pressure regulator like the one he used on his compressor. The regulator would maintain a perfect flow at a specific pressure and give the ability to fine tune the speed of the motor.

[@labtorie]

I think you can place the magnet on the flywheel and manually adjust the position of the sensor. Thus you’ll be able to find the most efficient angle of valve opening. Some sort of variable valve timing :)

[@murmenaattori6]

Also less piston mass.

[@yo90bosses]

Since you already have the arduino controlling the bottle pressure, add a magnetic encoder and control the angle to open and close the valve to improve efficiency. You could also measure rpm with this!

[@johnhili8664]

For me you are trying to reinvent the wheel and wasting your time!!!

[@iDeNoh]

​@@johnhili8664so never do anything that's already been done? People do things for fun too, not everything has to have a monetary benefit.

[@johnhili8664]

@@iDeNoh Of course all he is doing is for monetary benefit not just for fun trying to get some money from readers and KZbin 😁

[@iDeNoh]

@@johnhili8664 of course, and you're welcome to not watch his content if him doing things that don't blaze new trails with cutting edge technologies bothers you. I'm sure he'll miss you.

[@johnhili8664]

@@iDeNoh Certainly not I all ready block the chap!!!! Simple things please simple minds:-)) Case closed!

[@sveazoe5450]

9:54 "That's pretty cool". A truly great pun.

[@karlcastor8692]

My suggestions: Multiple cylinders. Gas regulator for X bar. Lose the soda bottle or replace with smaller to even out pressure. Parallel valves - If one isn't fast enough, mayby they can take turns (no need for Adruino, just small electronics). More canisters. Good luck and looking forward to the next one.

[@josephgauthier5018]

Nice to see you put your own twist on what Tom Stanton has been doing for a while. I feel like with your technical know-how on things outside of the air engine, and his experience with air engines, you two could make something pretty cool if you collabed.

[@jakesnider8629]

You should use a mechanical pressure regulator instead of the bottle to have a more consistent air pressure when operating the engine. Also could potentially enclose the crank assembly and have the evacuated air from the down stroke funnel into the crank to push the piston up, potentially increasing efficiency.

[@treymiller5736]

Yea he is using that bottle is a very large regulator. And rather then being activated by something like a spring he is being in unnecessary electronics. Also holding higher pressure would give much higher efficiencies a lot of usage energy is just being wasted. (That said co2 can is at like 60 bars which would be way over his engines limits but he could do way better then 2-3 bars)

[@Not.a.bird.Person]

Amazing video and a great continuation of Tom Stanton's design. I love this iteration using CO2 cartridges. A couple things : 1. Add a regulator, you will get constant controllable pressure instead of periodically uncontrolled spikes. 2. If the intent is to use CO2 cartridges as the main pressure source, add more in parallel to linearly scale up engine time. You can add more ''fuel'' up to a point where the tubing/fittings mass doesn't balance out the benefits of more engine time. 3. Remove the bottle, simply use the cartridges with tubing, valve and the regulator (less mass). 4. Put the valve closer to the head of the cylinder, it will reduce the volume of gas after the valve and therefore increase the pressure in the cylinder because of the reduced expansion necessary for the gas to reach the cylinder. It will also decrease the pressure drop through the tubing from friction. More pressure = more force = more power. 5. I would love to see more detailed engine performance data out of this, this is awesome for a pressure driven piston engine.

[@The-SaltiestPretzel]

Really fun design! If you wished to continue to run this at a higher RPM/higher pressure, you could use a rotary encoder in lieu of the magnetic switch. With how you have made the flywheel, you might not even have to redesign much at all, just cover the empty space outside of the nuts used for weight with a dark paper. I really like the idea of using the compressed air canister as a larger reservoir! I bet there's a way to use the fact that it drops in temperature so heavily without getting too far out into the design-creep mire, but not sure how exactly right now.

[@Recycled_Trash]

bump

[@ikocheratcr]

Also with the rotary encoder you can also change the angle at which to open the solenoid, the best time depends on engine speed and the input pressure, as it take time for the pressurre front to travel into the cylender. You might see it as the angle variator the engine have on intake and exhaust cam shafts.

[@stevecummins324]

sounds similar to Dan Gelbert's uniflow steam engine (videos of it can be searched for here/ design drawings, and written explainations were available online too). From a mechanical perspective steam engines are nearly identical to compressed air engines. Dan chose to fix the angle at which the inlet valve opened. and just vary when exhaust valve shut. In steam engine terms that's known as cutoff. Shutting the inlet valve later means the full inlet pressure acts on the piston for longer in the stroke. That's good for power, but dents efficiency as much more of the gas's expansive energy is wasted regarding "pressure front". the main limitation is the time it takes for a solenoid valve to transition from shut to open. Even with mechanically driven valves, that process isn't instant, and during that the valve isn't able to provide full flow into the cylinder. That slows the rise of pressure above the piston. Increasing the forces that open the valves will result in improvement. However stronger solenoids tend to take even longer to respond due to the "electromagnetic flywheel" effect. I suspect solution may be to use tiny low mass solenoids, that then control small volumes of control signal air that can then pilot (aka drive/actuate) larger air controlled main valves.

[@dylanswanepoel5517]

try to have the motor generate electricity inturn supplying power to a compressor and the compressor can supply more compressed air to the enjin

[@Recycled_Trash]

@@dylanswanepoel5517 this would not work as it would be breaking the laws of physics

[@johntanner6557]

I recommend putting the air valve in the top of the piston to try to limit the amount of waisted air in the lines. It might also help it run at slightly higher rpm.

[@dragonboss3799]

Use the same magnet idea on a rotary engine, and have three valves for each side of the rotor. It could produce more torque. I’d also love to see you put multiple rotary engines in series to see what effects it may produce. Love your videos man

[@robot797]

you mean 2 right the wankel only has 2 compression points

[@IN12N12I]

there is a rotary engine design with 3, its like an inverted wankel, pill rotates in a dorito instead of dorito in a pill.@@robot797

[@VladIvanov-f8i]

@@robot797Not all rotary engines are Wankel engines

[@robot797]

@@VladIvanov-f8i so you mean the rotating piston engine that one would be extremly hard to make or do you mean the liquid piston engine witch isnt a rotary or a wankel you are talking about a rotor and the only rotary/wankel that has a rotor is the one sir wankel designed so your comment is invalid

[@Suzuki_Hiakura]

Perhaps they meant radial instead of rotary? Would be cool seeing a 8 cylinder radial engine lol

[@wesleythomas7125]

Wow, I never heard of magnetic air before!

[@GordieGii]

I recommend putting the magnet on the flywheel and making the sensor bracket adjustable so you can start the valve opening just a little before the piston reaches the top. If that works out you can use the micro-controller to adjust how far in advance depending on the RPM. You could also use the micro-controller to adjust how long the valve is open depending on the pressure in the tank.

[@squidcaps4308]

Yup, i second this motion. Valve timing control is possible so it absolutely should be utilized. The faster the valve is, the better it is in this case. I also thing that cylinder aspect ratio can be tweaked, for shorter throw with wider cylinder. That will make timing even more important. And then, bolt the cylinder to the valve, to keep friction minimal, and the pulse delay shorter, again improving also timing.

[@danehart2740]

This also reduces reciprocating mass, which should be a big benefit. It can reduce overall rotating mass if one of the nuts in the flywheel is replaced with the magnet. Consider shortening the lines after the valves as well, to make better use of the pressure and have better timing.

[@Klaevin]

* Tom Stanton enters the chat *

[@natecus4926]

This thing is awesome! I had so many ideas while watching. You could attach a throttle to it that just adjusts the point of when the ardunio puts more air in to increase or decrease the minimum pressure. You could use a larger refillable air tank like the kind used for paintball, that would give you a pretty crazy runtime or add a second cylinder offset by 90 degrees to get more torque for the same speed. I’d also love to see what kind of propeller it would spin and how much thrust could be produced.

[@rainbowbunchie8237]

Relocating that electronic valve to the top of the engine would have yielded a higher rpm and more power per stroke. There're very disruptive waves travelling through that long stretch of tubing, greatly dampening flow. Your magnetic timing is a pretty great idea, though embedding an optical sensor in the sidewall of the cylinder would be much faster to react and more reliable. The only other tip I have is to move the optical sensor mount point lower incrimentally until it counteracts the delay in the flow of the air, similar to adjusting valve timing on a car.

[@smeggle100]

I was thinking the fly wheel would be better for time, because you could get a more precise area of opening. But if a turbo was added to create some up pressure on the cylinder, it would have a small power band. But great point on the disruption of waves tho Definitely chocking some of that flow, and causing some unwanted vibrations.

[@rainbowbunchie8237]

@@smeggle100 Tiny designs being sensitive to such finetune problems is always so interesting

[@davidbishop9705]

I would recommend putting a pressure regulator between the bottle and solenoid, keep the length of tube between the solenoid and engine as short as possible, and moving your sensor to the flywheel. With the sensor on the flywheel you can adjust the solenoid firing time from “top-dead-center” (TDC) for slow speed, and a few degrees ahead of TDC for higher speed. To get really fancy, some testing could result with a gradient equation to get the most torque at every speed.

[@green_pines]

It would be awesome and it will be more and more lighter. Also, you can try using your hyper jet steam, but controlling the water input(that make the steam) by the pressure remain in the pressure reservoir .Or you can use liquid oxygen( It can be any gas that liquifies at lower than 0*C) in a container, and the just let it to warm up at the room temperature and use it as fuel.

[@GordieGii]

CO2

[@mariuca8836]

Cool idea man! That would be crazy!!!

[@lucydominguez1178]

It will run very fast

[@salut1778]

Crazy?I was crazy once

[@charlesrobinson6535]

Holy moly! It will take off the bench as an airplane !!!

[@norWindChannel]

To optimisme the opening and closing time of the valve, try attasching the magnet to the flywheel and move the sensor tangentially and radially to adjust the phase angle end opening time, respectively.

[@williamstrachan]

Ooh, I like this. It allows for the concept of valve timing to be shown physically rather than conceptually. I think the timing may want to be more variable than this idea allows, for peak efficiency, but that can be an easy modification further from this idea

[@billmarshall3763]

It seems like this would be an easy way to make a silent or quiet motor for a small jigsaw or sawZall. Adding an idling mechanism would increase the run time by keeping it at a constant speed and evening out the weight on the main gear and shortening the top nail would help with efficiency(if you're still using the nail) but giving it a good balance and even another chamber or spring (like a Stirling engine) would be an interesting improvement. I would love to see you make a Jumping Cubli!!!

[@JavonDevv9000]

*Next video theme make a 3d printed V8* *with the same operation and a smaller air valve*

[@GordieGii]

For a V8 you would need 8 valves.

[@JayEffW]

Add a second magnet sensor to control when the valve shuts off during the downstroke. You can probably increase the efficiency, maybe even the torque as well, if you can precisely control the time during which it's open. Seeing as you're gonna use an arduino in the project anyways, it could control the valve as well, based on the two sensors. This has the added benefit that it'll spit out the RPM on your arduino as a byproduct. Maybe you can even tweak the timing values in your code to further improve efficiency.

[@ryanhamstra49]

Agreed. Possibly even right some code to adjust the timing slightly ahead of the sensor. If the valve is sent a signal to open when the piston is at the top, the piston is already moving down significantly before the valve actually opens, and pressure actually starts moving. If it could anticipate based off the last 10 rotations when it will hit the tip so the valve can open slightly early, kinda like a spark plug firing a split second before the piston hits TDC, that could improve power significantly

[@KCM25NJL]

@@ryanhamstra49 I would just add the sensor as a reading instrument and measure the timing accurately for a given RPM curve, this way there's no trial and error and you get the perfect amount of gas for each stroke

[@awesomecronk7183]

If your code is just using the sensor to measure the speed and sensor position, it can be programmed to open the valve ahead of top dead-center without needing another sensor

[@newmonengineering]

Yes and no. I agree it could work with a long enough piston, but a short one will be an issue. The fact is the electric solenoid that controls the gas has its own delay so to speak of shut off. You can't make that delay shorter with a pulse. It's just the time it takes to close itself with the spring after the electricity stops. So if the piston is longer than yes you can do this. But for the short one there is a practical limit that you run into simply by the delay time of the valve itself. You can delay it longer in code but not shorter.

[@squidcaps4308]

Does not need a second sensor, we can use a formula and timer to adjust shut-off timing. Get cycle average over last second, normalize it, use interpolation to set the off-timing to be a T between A and B. The higher the revs, the shorter the time in seconds for each loop but our cut-off time has always the same ratio between the loop start and end points.

[@honzas.5234]

You could use a pressure regulator (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_regulator ) in order to keep the pressure constant. You could also improve the piston seal so you don't lose pressure.

[@erroneousbosch]

This is the way

[@jefferycoleman8110]

I would not mind a free 3d Printer to get things stated for my Scouts. A suggestion for improvement: 1 - Magnets on the fly wheel with coil armeture at the base, similar to cumbustion engine push mower 2 - Collect that electricity in super capacitor array to keep the electronics running - (could be a means of using the design to make hybrid vehicles) 3 - recycle the exhausted air to increase the run time

[@kylejackson6193]

A suggestion for increased runtime as well as possible torque would be to use a 4500 psi (approx. 310 bar) compressed air cylinder that they use in paintball. The cylinders are about the size of a 1 liter bottle and contain a large volume of air at an extremely high pressure. You could increase the pressure maintained from 2 bars to 4 bars to see how that works out.

[@dh2032]

and you would get a free pressure regulator too, and free trigger valve, an d might be as easy just hooking the gun barrel end to a pipe, and connecting that to the air engine (the only problem getting gun fire, without any round, loaded, and connecting something to trigger, to press it once in a while (every 2 bars, was it not?)

[@ChristianRodriguez-oe7pu]

I play paintball and complete agree as far as air storage goes, but I think he also is trying to keep the weight low. Dry ice with a bleed valve for over pressure might give you a decent enough result to be viable.

[@desertfox4583]

I'm a little late to the party and someone may have already said this but, but what if you used that engine to drive a low pressure air pump to supply it's own air. Theoretically it would run forever but in reality it will stop at some point. Just an idea.

[@The_EncIave]

​@@desertfox4583fuel dude fuel

[@evanwinters6732]

These weight about 3 or 4 pounds I would suggest getting a regulator instead so the outputs is constiant

[@thelastwoltzer]

Could you do a video showing the concept of vacuum buoyancy? It would be interesting to see which shapes and structures can withstand atmospheric pressure while being less dense than air

[@zhinkunakur4751]

Is this coming from the veritasium video about airships ? It would be interesting regardless , I hope Integ does this.

[@thelastwoltzer]

@@zhinkunakur4751 yes it actually is! I was thinking that if one could make a buoyant structure then the problem with payloads would be solved and the use of ballasts wouldn't be necessary anymore. By simply changing the internal pressure using vacuum pumps it would adjust it's buoyancy, and to keep it on the ground during bad weather just open the valves and let air in.

[@creativebuilds2]

You should make 8 cylinders connected to 1 flywheel, it can be a neat little v8!

[@Astroapocalypse]

They all must be connected to the same shaft as well. A multi cylinder one would be so cool! 🎉

[@pathwaytoamillion]

Imagine a v12 🤤. A two stroke sort of engine like this would also work, would be alittle complicated though, but nothing is hard for this man 😂

[@WillRiskAll]

You could use a regulator to have constant pressure at the engine, it would simplify the system a lot

[@ultimaronda8153]

Now, build the 3D prints in aluminum to ensure that the tolerances are correct and use the engine on a small plane!

[@pierregarbo8628]

Great video once again! You should add an elastic chamber before the plastic bottle that, by expanding and compressing, will help to keep the pressure variation constant: it would be something to smooth out the transient, just as a solenoid in an electric circuit or a flywheel in a mechanical system

[@ryang6311]

I was thinking along the same idea. Like a pulse damper. Even a small pressurized ball in the bottle would help stabilize the pressure

[@kingp00]

like a spark plug in an engine you need to account for the delay of your solenoid valve by varying the firing angle. move your sensor from the piston to the flywheel and use the Arduino to calculate the piston position and speed, then add a delay for firing the next valve opening based on the current conditions. depending on the nail to ball size ratio using the solenoid valve should increase efficiency considerably

[@Tarandon]

Now that you have the cylinders triggering their own pressurization, you could add more cylinders and perhaps a small gear instead of a fixed axel. You could demonstrate the pros and cons of inline vs v shaped engines. My son loves this video. Very informative and safe!

[@ShayaanAhmad-om8pz]

Suggestion: You have made a lot of rocket and jet engine and you have mostly used propane for those my suggestion is that you make a jet engine that runs on HHO that is obtained from performing the electrolysis of water and as you already know hydrogen has the highest calorific values so it should give you hell lot of thrust and also try different types of nozzles with it

[@williamknight7648]

The electronic valve works awesome! Possibly a "variable timing" with arduino on the engine could yield better results, different opening times relative to TDC, as well as time left opened similar to how VVT works on a combustion engine (maybe shorter pulses of air when it's at higher pressure and larger pulses when it's lower to get the same power vs air pressure) I think messing around with the air valves timing could maximise power/efficiency or "mileage" based on a certain "map"

[@AHSEN.]

Same development journey as Tom Stanton it seems :D He 's been working on air pressure engines for a while, using soda bottles to store presssure, and a similar ball valve design. I think you guys should collaborate to make something awesome! Definitely check out his videos, he goes into depth about the process and what he did to make his engines so efficient, purely mechanically!

[@jawnney]

Tom Stanton has been doing a ton of work on refining this kind of air-powered engine design over on his channel, you guys should fight to the death with air-powered airplanes!

[@cordellsmith1523]

If you are going for run time, an easy way would be to use an air pressure regulator, this will keep the air pressure consistent and allow the tank pressure to drop slowly or fast depending on how low or high the regulator is set.

[@mugslschlaengli5928]

I like how someone started building some sort of compressed air engine and now slowly more and more of tinkering and engineering channels are infected by the air engine fever. xD It's amazing to see the different approaches, even if the designs are sometimes similar, different tools, materials as well as designing philosophies make every iteration enjoyable.

[@ruolbu]

I know Tom Stanton, who else do you know?

[@dansmith6909]

Have been thinking about this concept in terms of power generation for a couple of years now, the problem I had was long term reliability at scale, I've been thinking in terms of 50 watts and up output as a source of renewable electricity.

[@wormfuneral]

Great video! Here are song suggestions I have: 1. Remedying backpressure. High exhaust pressure can create backpressure in the cylinder, which resists the movement of the piston during the intake stroke. This backpressure reduces the engine's overall efficiency and power output because the piston has to work against this resistance. Maybe adjusting valve timing, valve size, and exhaust system design would help with that. 2. Consider using materials with lower friction coefficients for the cylinder and piston. For example, you could use materials like PTFE (Teflon) or brass for the cylinder and maybe consider high-quality piston rings to improve sealing and reduce friction. Lower friction = better efficiency. 3. A magnetic sensor and magnet setup is a step in the right direction for sure. Maybe you may also want to check out other valve types, maybe solenoid valves, to achieve smoother operation and better control over the air intake. 4. Maybe you'd like tomato if you had a good cold one. I enjoy a recipe that has been in my family for ages which is essentially a tomato salad. Chopped tomato (bite size), cubes of feta cheese, salt, pepper, and a whole lot of ev olive oil. Mix it up and let it sit in the fridge for a while then eat some as a side with dinner. You can add things like cucumber if you like as well. Worth a try!

[@makscilic5624]

Damn, chatgpt rally did a number here

[@makscilic5624]

And you can see exactly where u added the fourth one lmao

[@AHHHHHHHH21]

Yep, those are great song suggestions

[@DERECHTE451]

1st use a regulatorvalve and keep a constat pressure, so the output is smother. 2nd Match the cylinder stroke/volume increase with the amount of gas you put into the engine so you waste less energy. 3rd use a sealing wich closes with pressure increase, so like a U-shaped sealing ontop of the piston. 4th put the valve direcly ontop of the engine so the timing isn't delayed. 5th Use an adrunio to controll the valve timing.

[@williamkamm4737]

Love the Hall effect switch. If I could give some advice, adding variable timing would definitely help performance. Many internal combustion engines run in the 30 degrees advance, not sure how much advance you’d want for an air engine.

[@hammad6201]

Seeing that volume changes pressure, I think you can use some sort of balloon for a constant pressure, it might decrease overtime but it's worth testing. Maybe use a stiffer balloon for more pressure. It might show better results and can reduce weight too, if you want to use for an airplane propellor.

[@Longus07]

A balloon can't contain enough aur for a long runtime. And it will be pretty large after being inflated

[@TheXentios]

@@Longus07 Something between a balloon and a pet bottle would actually help the plane to float in air while also be the medium to hold the engine power to move forward. He can even use multiple canisters to fill/stable pressure in mid flight and even drop the empty ones to get rid of excess weight but this will require a big software and many sensors to actually pull it up.

[@Longus07]

@@TheXentios it's not going to make it float, you would need to fill them up with lighter gases not compressed gases inorder to do that and they would cause a lot of air drag.

[@statementleaver8095]

Doesn't matter what GAS is used! ALL THAT MATTERS IS PRESSURE MUST BE EQUAL ON BOTH INLET AND OUTLET!! FAILURE IS VENT TO ATMOSPHERE!!!! 2 PIN VALVES TOP AND BOTTOM OF PISTON 2 BOTTLES ALL HOLES REQUIRE RETURN TO SOURCE(Bottle) TO REMAIN PRESSURISED TO A CONSTANT 🔎🔍🔎🔍👍👍👍 TECHNICALLY ONLY HALF A MACHINE DISPLAYED 🤦‍♂️🤦‍♂️🤦‍♂️🤦‍♂️

[@wurstelei1356]

@@Longus07 Yes, using lighter gas like helium and a huge balloon is a very good idea. I would suggest using a very long balloon to keep it airodynamic. Such as an air snake. One also would spare a complex airplane body.

[@atores7240]

If you add some kind of heat exchanger, you can improve the gas efficiency, because as the gas expands, the temperature increases, so it expands less. Also it would be better to combine this system with some kind of pressure regulator, so the pressure would be even more stable + I would like to see the final power output of the engine, if you can measure it. Nice video :D

[@immeralintellect3174]

Great video! Instead of using a soda bottle go to a brewing store and look for brown pet bottles, they can handle more pressure and come in loads of sizes. On top of that the same store sell fittings for these bottles and other fittings/lines/tanks for CO_2

[@AlexPomesky]

Some improvement ideas would be to adjust your timing on the valve opening. Since you're already using the arduino, you could easily set it up to have a delay. Or, make it so there is a magnet on the flywheel for timing. Next improvement comes from Tom Stantons videos where he improved the seal, I would say, looking into improving the seal as well. Also, try playing around with the stroke and bore of the engine, and if you do some pressure calculations to determine the appropriate amount of stroke/bore for the pressure target you have. It might also be worth while to look into crank offset, it's a somewhat complex topic but could really improve performance and run-time.

[@thadaagaard6648]

Also reduce the volume between the valve and the cylinder. It will reduce the excess gas released at the bottom of the cycle.

[@phlanxsmurf]

Hey Integza! You could put a regulator on the inlet to use as a throttle! Awesome video as always.

[@stevecummins324]

Vary the angle when inlet valve shuts. in steam engine parlance, such is known as cut off adjustment. for maximum efficiency, and utilisation of the gas pressure... shut the inlet valve at an angle when the trapped pressured gas above the piston will have expanded to atmospheric just before the engine exhausts. While efficency and gas consumption is reduced, power output falls faster. For maximum power. The inlet valve should be shut just before the exhaust ports are opened. very little expansive work and the engine will emit a similar "chuff chuff" sound as when a steam loco is just getting moving/needs most power.the noise is made by the presssurised gas exiting to atmosphere Feed the magnetic sensor's output to an arduino. arduino measures time between pulses. half of that measurement should be a decent approximation of the time it takes for piston to complete it's descent. Depending on what fraction of the power stroke it is desired for inlet valve to be open, multiply by a number that varies between 0 and 1. that parameter serves as cutoff control aka throtle. if wanted it wouldn't take much code to add a speed governor. that would adjust throttle in response to rpms that are higher or lower than desired speed.

[@LoneStarDisciples]

a simple v twin engine with that co2 pressure system might actually produce a significant amount of torque! it'd be fun figuring out a crankshaft and output for the engine, maybe even a centrifugal clutch. super cool as always

[@squidcaps4308]

Boxer would be easier to fabricate. But, we could also use the reverse and use two pistons in the opposite ends of the cylinder...

[@REDNECK-Inventive-DEsign]

Use a mini 3D printed turbo charger setup to continually make compressed air for refilling the compressed air chamber. Use one turbo to start up a bigger turbo so the efficiency is raised. With this, I theorize that u could do away with the compressed air store entirely.

[@THEadrian85]

You should try to make a Taurozzi Pendulum Engine, that basically has a curved cylinder and piston to reduce friction between those parts. It has been used in 2 strokes to reduce the amount of oil consumed and it amazingly worked.

[@vitorlima6454]

It's an interesting model, but a traditional engine with an offset crankshaft already can achieve a good efficiency, and it's a lot simpler to manufacture.

[@MattiasPetre1234]

00:17 This is me After eating taco bell

[@Bigblackmanalpha]

Sybau

[@djDeeDizzy]

Brilliant job, I think, increasing your co2 input and more bottles will allow you to support more volume, but other than that it is brilliant. Would also like to see a small force or drag to see if it has the force needed to move an object

[@NeilStansbury]

Have a look at Carl Bugeja's electromagnetic "flappers". Here's what I'm wondering...... A piston with an iron core, running up and down a cylinder wound with a copper coil would generate a small A/C current, possibly enough to power one of Carl's electromagnetic coils. Use one of those coils as the valve for the engine. With a simple electronic circuit you should be able to have an "automatic" timing circuit that flips the poles on the electromagnetic "flapper" at the peak of the A/C wave. The air becomes the power source for the entire engine - no external power source needed, no external air valve and no need for an Arduino, but perfect timing for the engine valve opening/closing as well as your pressure "regulator".

[@paulbrooks4395]

Your design is really similar to Tom’s but I like the electronic flow regulator. It’s something he didn’t use and opted for a passive design. I think he did it to save weight, but your method allows for multiple fuel canisters and a fast reload capability.

[@chillaxter13]

Use a much smaller bottle as the pressure reservoir and switch the tiny tank for a paintball tank. Also, you might consider a wider piston with a shorter crank distance to increase torque while maintaining pressure usage rates.

[@ashutronomy3448]

Put liquid nitrogen in the storage unit it will be more powerful 9:39

[@Ha-zs1tv]

Instead of trying to push air in. Use a vacume to pull the air through. Also the fly wheel. For your weights add magnets. And a copper coil. So when it spins it can generate power for the vacume. Also if this gets added to a vehicle. Allow for the air intake to capture the air from the outside of the vehicle. The vacume only has to run when the vehicle is not moving. When the vehicle is moving just allow the air intake to push the air through the system.

[@bigestdixus]

You could try moving the piston magnet to the flywheel or crank, then add an adjustable bracket to hold the sensor. This will allow you to advance or retard the timing. Adjusting the timing could allow for more pressure to be used. You could then use the Arduino to actively adjust timing based on RPMs giving a much nicer power curve.

[@gabrielhoy6790]

Maybe put the magnet on the crank shaft, like a flywheel magnet, to lighten the piston weight while keeping (and possibly tuning) your timing. Also, do you think an opposed piston design would improve efficiency? Also, also: What if you implemented a flexible rubber bleeder valve that sealed when the forced intake air is deployed, but remains open when the piston(s) return to TDC in an effort to remove extra compressive resistance of the piston(s) moving back up?

[@nguyenquocanh5030]

It would be great if you could make a video of creating your own constant speed drive that are similar to ones on aircraft. Also, for improvement: Had you tried implement PID into the Arduino? It might help in producing a constant pressure throughout the whole progress and make the thing runs longer.

[@Sweatymilkshake44]

Create innovative and safe model rocket engines that are highly customizable, educational, and accessible to enthusiasts of all ages

[@Bad-Antix]

Hey Integza, love the videos. In your next revisit of this engine, I think if you were to take this compressed air engine and make it a 3 cylinder where the pistons are offset correctly the canister might not last as long, but you should be able to up the RPM and make it flight capable. Keep up the great work.

[@nikk_0712]

Hey there that's a lovely build! Idea: I've seen you make many engines of many types. Can you do a turbojet engine with variable thrust!?

[@harvey9951]

You should try making a gas turbine engine, and power something with it

[@flarenator]

He already did, but it was hard to start and isn't rlly powerful

[@VeniceInventors]

To remove losses from the ball valve, how about using two pistons and a rotating valve? Send the incoming air to a junction with a cylinder with a rotating valve which is also the end of the crankshaft. Right before the first piston hits the bottom the valve closes the incoming air to the first piston and starts opening the flow to the second piston. The valve is really just two half-filled (D-shaped) cylinders on top of each other, rotating inside a hollow cylinder with incoming air through the bottom, holes on the opposite sides of cylinder wall for the pistons intakes and again, above it holes for the exhaust controlled by the other (inverted) D-shaped cylinder with the exit on top. Easy to draw and make, not so easy to describe.

[@6shot9]

0:17 if this ain’t me after some beans 🤣🤣🤣

[@michelesornatale137]

Hello Integza, as a first improvement you could use a smaller bottle in order to use less amount of CO2 to maintain the constant pressure of 2 bar in order to operate the engine for more time. Another idea that comes to mind is to use more co2 canisters in series to have more gas available. Finally, you could also add a potentiometer in order to manually adjust the constant pressure that must be in the bottle in order to increase or decrease the rpm of the motor. I hope these tips are helpfull for your next video that btw I can’t wait to see. Bye :)

[@LucaPocchione-wg9fi]

Great the idea of using a smaller bottle

[@jackasshomey]

@@LucaPocchione-wg9fi or could just use more Co2 canisters lol

[@LucaPocchione-wg9fi]

@@jackasshomeyYes for sure, but it would increase the weight of the engine and since in the video Integza talks about a use for a plane, would be ideal to reduce the weight

[@MRDUALITY]

This build is amazing! Now here's a question I have. Does ionizing the air using light increase the efficiency of an ionocraft? Can it be used to make a ram jet of sorts by having the negative wire in the inlet, UV light in the "combustion chamber" ionizing the air further, and the positive in the exhaust? Just an experiment I feel you can pull off! 🤗

[@FyaaahS]

Here are several tips! All can not be done in the same version but several would work together. Design it like a V engine using atleasr 2 pistons connected to a single axis. Use a smaller magnetic valve for fastet action or push the air in sideways instead from above; this wont force the piston as hard in it's "shut position" the same way. Use springs to dampen the effect of the closed position.

[@markturner2561]

I don’t see anybody mentioning this, but if you mount the solenoid right about the cylinder intake, you’ll save a lot of air and be able to run more easily. Right now the whole hose is part of the pressure chamber. Very smooth!

[@arpitstvyoutube1759]

Fly the Zeppelin across an entire 🍅 farm.

[@arpitstvyoutube1759]

Hope I get it now

[@arpitstvyoutube1759]

Hey lol

[@arpitstvyoutube1759]

Dunno how this works

[@arpitstvyoutube1759]

Photosynthesis

[@arpitstvyoutube1759]

Hmmmph

[@duckdestroyer2412]

What about doing this but with Multi-cylinders? A 2, 3, or 4 cylinder design would be pretty cool.

[@blaineburgess]

the problem with multiple cylinders is you’ll lose pressure at an exponential rate as you add them to the system. you’d get more power, but less run time. Similar to a V8 burning more gas than a 4 cyl

[@duckdestroyer2412]

@blaineburgess true, but if optimized right anything is possible. He might not get the 150-second run time, but if he gets double the output for 75 seconds, wouldn't the loss be worth the reward?

[@blaineburgess]

@@duckdestroyer2412 just depends on the goal you’re going for. If you want power, then your idea is perfect, if you want run time (which is what he was going for in this video) then it would be a disadvantage.

[@ObCristian]

Using a special container for stuff under pressure, a heavier flywheel and more CO2 tubes 😊

[@RichardBronosky]

I have never heard of magnetized air! This is going to be good. ☮️❤️🌈

[@kendokaaa]

You still haven't because that's not what this is

[@RichardBronosky]

@@kendokaaa yes. I feel bated. Integza is one of the best.

[@mrgoodworks]

IMPROVEMENT IDEAS: 1. Improve cylinder head to allow fine-tune adjustments; 2. Relocate electric air valve atop cylinder head to gain optimal presure response time; 3. Use straight-sided soda bottle(s) to eliminate distortion weak points; 4. Reinforce soda bottle(s) with graphite & resin sleeve(s) to hold more pressure; 5. Use piston O-ring for perfect seal; 9. Use WD-40 inside cylinder; 4. R&D optimal cylinder vs crank ratio(s); 5. R&D quantity, size, and angle of exhaust vents; 6. Use multiple C0² cartridges in parallel; 7. Impliment heat sink(s) on C0² cartridge(s) to reduce frost; 8. Rack-mount everything into a compact and stackable module; 9. PM me for more 😊

[@GordieGii]

WD-40 is not a lubricant. Use sewing machine oil.

[@Pipizzakitchen]

Silicone oil for a treadmill is way better for air seals.​@@GordieGii

[@GordieGii]

@@Pipizzakitchen Could be. I just thought of the first thing that a really low viscosity. Do treadmills have air seals? What is the viscosity of silicone oil for treadmills? Silicone oil has been pretty thick in my experience; similar to gear oil.

[@Pipizzakitchen]

@@GordieGii the 100%( allegedly) silicone oil that they use in treadmills is a little thicker than sewing machine oil but better for rubber and will put up with higher heat and stand up to insane pressure. It's what they use in PCP air rifles.

[@rotrigo52]

I think it isn't a good idea but... Can you make a 2 cylinder air engine?

[@rotrigo52]

No, you Don't Have nothing

[@rotrigo52]

Ur not integza

[@eventhorizon444]

My suggestion is to create a rack of bottles all connected via a tube with each one having the electro valve mechanism that you made connected to each one!

[@tomaszkielecki9046]

improvement idea: instead of using heavy cO2 cartridges use something to limit the pressure the bottle outputs so the engine can run longer on slower and steadier speed

[@jmackinjersey1]

So, replace one, not so heavy object that replenishes the bottle with a heavier regulator that doesn't add much value ?

[@samkillzgames6940]

@@jmackinjersey1 Regulating pressures can be done without an adjustable brass fixture. People have managed to create 3D printed pressure regulators, while being thick plastic, it's still plastic which should weigh less than a CO2 cartridge OR a brass regulator. The other thing is with enough effort one could even make an even lighter, non-adjustable regulator design that could work without any screws.

[@DanielpmDaniel]

Make a salt water powered plane

[@Mcc_042]

Tomatoes are disgusting indeed

[@gendoikari11]

No need to be such a tomatophobe :) Viva la ketchup!!

[@dakshkalra4685]

Try using it outdoors, black color would absorb Sun's heat which would inturn increase the pressure of the gas. Or use a magnifying glass to project the rays to compressed air inlet port (assuming it's metal) to extract maximum energy. Infrared projectors can also be used to perform same task indoors but would require extra energy.

[@Salama-w5q]

I cant aford a 3d Printer 😢

[@ellhuntervux3999]

Thì đi kiếm tiền đi ở đó mà than

[@MADEINNSW]

No credit to tom?

[@Freelance-Freedom]

Who TF is tom

[@uridovitzgaming2281]

I would definitely recommend you try to make an air compressor instead of an engine that runs off compressed air do the exact opposite