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Mahatma Gandhi, born Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, India, was a key leader in the Indian independence movement against British rule. He is best known for his philosophy of nonviolent resistance, or satyagraha, which became a powerful tool in the struggle for civil rights and freedom around the world.
Gandhi's early life was marked by his legal studies in London and his subsequent work as a lawyer in South Africa, where he first employed his nonviolent methods to combat racial discrimination. Upon returning to India, he became a central figure in the Indian National Congress and led several important campaigns, including the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Salt March, and the Quit India Movement, which were pivotal in India gaining independence in 1947.
Gandhi's ideals of simplicity, self-reliance, and religious tolerance made him a symbol of peace and ethical leadership. He was deeply committed to social reforms, including the eradication of untouchability, promoting women's rights, and bridging the gap between different religious communities.
Tragically, Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948, by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist who opposed his efforts to reconcile Hindus and Muslims. Gandhi's legacy continues to inspire movements for civil rights and freedom worldwide.