Malate-Aspartate Shuttle| Mitochondrial Respiration | Biochemistry Basics

This video provides a tutorial on Malate-Aspartate Shuttle. NADH generated in the cytosol through glycolysis cannot cross the mitochondrial membrane for oxidation to synthesize ATP. Malate-aspartate shuttle carries electrons from the cytosolic NADH, which are then carried across the mitochondrial membrane in the form of malate. Malate is then converted to oxaloacetate with the help of enzyme malate dehydrogenase. During the reaction NAD+ is reduced to NADH, which then give away its electrons to electron transport chain to synthesize ATP. Subsequently, oxaloacetate is transaminated to aspartate which then crosses the mitochondrial membrane. Aspartate in the cytosol then transaminated to oxaloacetate. In the cytosol, oxaloacetate is regenerated to carry electrons from NADH and the cycle continues. The following topics are covered in this lesson,
1. Malate-aspartate shuttle
2. Malate dehydrogenase enzyme
3. Aspartate aminotransferase enzyme
4. Role of oxaloacetate in malate-aspartate shuttle
5. Malate--ketoglutarate antiporter
6. Aspartate-glutamate antiporter