Many Moving Magnets Melting Metal

I stick a bunch of magnets to the flywheel of a diesel engine to show off some cool science.
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[@5avan10]

Cody breaks out a spoon and a flame, "Time to feed our addiction... to science!"

[@theophrastusbombastus8019]

Cody's Math Lab

[@jivejunior8753]

Sounds like something Cave Johnson would say

[@johnjacop]

I made a similar comment...before reading yours. Now I feel a little unoriginal

[@stanervin6108]

11:23 Oops! Maybe a little too close!

[@MyGirlMyWhiskeyAndMe]

he's my heroi....

[@mitikozuki5295]

There's no better feeling when you just get so lucky that things line up perfectly like those magnets on the fly wheel.

[@iamthenoiseopera]

its not luck, its written! and i dont believe cody planned it neither :) i did like your comment :D

[@cavemann_]

@@iamthenoiseopera _wee woo wee woo_ *Grammar Police has arrived* It's "either"!!!111!11 _woo wee woo wee_ *Grammar Police has left* I'm sorry, I hope you have a nice day On a side note: that could easily qualify for "the most satisfying things ever compilation", it's almost mind-boggling!

[@pr0xZen]

Well "luck" is a _percieved_ random occurance of a chain or combination of _non-random, highly specific_ events, so I feel this is extremely apt here 😉

[@FirstNameLastName-okayyoutube]

Where did the one-way LEDs come from? How are they producing light when the currents going One Direction and not the other? Fairly certain that's not an induction question I asked. So be very grateful if you don't fulfill my paranoid prophesied that the only response I'm going to get is a repeat of what he already said.

[@francois__]

@@FirstNameLastName-okayyoutube LED's are always one way, because they are diodes (Light Emitting Diodes).

[@LordNeiman]

It's kinda hilarious to me that you didn't have wooden leveling shims handy, but did have the materials to casually whip up a batch of Fields' metal.

[@SpydersByte]

lol yea I was laughing as he tried to stuff that rag under there :D

[@dashiellgillingham4579]

It's really really easy to recycle metal. You probably have enough junk in your garage to do it too, if you know what to take apart. I should know, I worked in a bike shop.

[@LordNeiman]

@@dashiellgillingham4579 ...This is bismuth, indium and tin. And nothing else. Do tell me what your garage has that you could take apart to get those.

[@dashiellgillingham4579]

@@LordNeiman Tin's easy, there's a hundred things I could get that out of, from an old toaster to some old children's toys to a box of cheap washers. Bizmuth's harder, but a bullet or a non-lead sinker for fishing sound like the easiest things to melt down for it, although the process for purifying it looks complicated. Indium, I freely admit I do not know, but given my experience with other metals I can't imagine it's much more difficult.

[@toast651]

@@dashiellgillingham4579 Indium could be found in touchscreens and flatscreen tv's as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), refining it on the other hand would be quite difficult

[@trenvert123]

When he poured that molten metal into his hand, I was terrified.

[@FlipswitchX]

THIS

[@loganiushere]

He's insane, not dumb. "I am a mad scientist..." -2020 Cody

[@brettharding6316]

Same!

[@LandersWorkshop]

@@Daniel-wl7rl Wasn't that like a tin-bizimuth solution that melts at about 110 degrees?

[@ieatgarbage8771]

I think Cody’s fetish is bare minimum safety. My favorite moments are him dipping his hand in Mercury and him shooting a blowtorch at his hand while holding only a piece of stale bread to show it was a good insulator.

[@JoeDoe103]

Cody has entered the Industrial Era

[@fakehesap1731]

ah shit we all know what industrial revolution did to human race

[@ruffy6506]

@@fakehesap1731 damn that's dark lol

[@scoe5908]

@@fakehesap1731 Tedpilled

[@MicraHakkinen]

Not to worry, as long as we beat him to the Imperial Age we can still win ;)

[@juliansuse1]

@@fakehesap1731 are you kidding? The industrial revolution was amazing for humanity. (Maybe not so good for the environment though)

[@michaelgibbons7014]

Watch in awe how Cody makes a generator with nothing but some hot glue, wire, and a generator.

[@Katia_Managan]

"Thinking quickly, Dave constructs a homemade megaphone with only some string, a squirrel, and a megaphone."

[@zyanidwarfare5634]

Make a lamp out of a lightbulb

[@Elec-DIY]

Cody the Barbarian

[@37thraven]

@Michael Gibbons @@Katia_Managan You witty noodles ❤🤣 Video should've been titled "Tinkerer makes inductive 'phone charger' using hand crank motor"

[@bernardo00124719]

hahahahaha

[@AkuraTheAwesome]

I love that Cody is such a cowboy that he immediately devised a plan to make a meltable bullet instead of just giving up. He's a scientist with the drive of a rockstar.

[@jessesaranow7724]

He's lucky he doesn't have his magnetic finger anymore

[@bertskinner1592]

I can really really appreciate how, instead of just faking it with the fields metal, he explains why it wasn't able to melt the lead, quietly acknowledges that we all want to see these magnets melt a bullet, and then explains how he can still make that happen, and gives us MORE SCIENCE in the process.

[@jerryfick613]

Similar to the methodology the Mythbusters used. Propose the myth, work out a scenario to test the myth. If the myth fails to hold true, duplicate the result.

[@bertskinner1592]

@@jerryfick613 Honestly that's a great comparison, in the end, the least amount of people get let down either way.

[@skrimper]

@@bertskinner1592 yeah it works out to be a great formula for entertainment

[@BiloGadget]

@@jerryfick613 the scientific method truly is a great thing.

[@andrewj3177]

Wow thanks, i just save about 19 minustes of my life

[@themasqueradingcow91]

"It's making a whiring noise..." Cody wakes up in 1867

[@klincecum]

You need a lathe for that.

[@caleb1031]

@@klincecum This old Tony reference?

[@sheldonlabossiere477]

@@caleb1031 yup lol

[@johnjonjhonjonathanjohnson3559]

yeah but him going before his birth date caused him to not be born via butterfly effect now he didnt go back in time so everything is fine

[@nicoEmt187]

@@klincecum beat me to it

[@Spexx368]

I love how there was absolutely no plan for this, he just wanted to stick magnets to a flywheel

[@masonfisher5643]

Exactly what I would do

[@fedmcfederalson]

coolest part about this is the perfect length of the magnets

[@Tinblitz]

The most casual flex with that "Like the model T we have back there".

[@JM-yx1lm]

That's freaking awesome, I was eyeballing that thing the whole time

[@delphicdescant]

I was a little worried when he got out of the way of potentially flying magnets but was fine with the Model T being in their path.

[@austinsomeone]

I would love to see a video of Cody talking about the engine and the Model T!

[@GeometrianGL]

1:30 "Okay-I don't think the magnets are gonna come off. Uh, this only rotates at about 600 RPM-10 revolutions per second. It's a 27 inch flywheel. I'm sure somebody can figure out what the G-forces are there, but they're not particularly large." 138 standard gravities, Cody. :V

[@thanoscar9195]

Ian Mallett is 27 inch radius or diameter?

[@Pinz314]

So a 19 gram magnet should have a 1,4 kg holding power. That should not be a problem.

[@hette666]

@@thanoscar9195 it looks like it is a 27 inch diameter (same size as my monitor in front of me) flywheel. what Ian Mallett used for his calculation i don't know (too lazy to calculate).

[@1123pawel]

Now how many G's of centrifugal force needed to shear the magnets bond?

[@Felixkeeg]

@@1123pawel More than 138 Gs apparently

[@bleach-kun]

Cody: *casually owns one of the most valuable vehicles in the world*

[@reinbeers5322]

This is way more interesting than physics class, I'll tell ya that.

[@lechking941]

Add in a comment of the formula to explain after I saw best class for my brain :P

[@ScrotN]

It’s interesting but it still require physics to actually understand the mathematics formula behind it to really understand it in an atomic level

[@Michael-mh2tw]

Although you can bet that the guy who figured it out respected those classes

[@RobertsolutioM]

Only in Cody'sLab will you get the crisp scientific measurements of "I spit on it but it only boiled, not sizzled away, so it must be barely hotter than 100 Degrees celsius"

[@fltchr4449]

My orgo teacher told us that in older days of chemistry part of an assay was the taste test. He used the line, "Tastes like burning".

[@Discesaveloce]

Scientific Sherlock xD

[@dragonfireproductions790]

@@fltchr4449 Don't make me start talking bout how they test diabetes before

[@fltchr4449]

@@dragonfireproductions790 It's where the nickname "sweet pee" comes from.

[@bearlemley]

I wonder what was the altitude of Cody’s lab?

[@MrSaemichlaus]

Mechanical engineer here. The acceleration on that flywheel rim is 1354 m/s^2, that is 138g. Just imagine sitting on that rim. If the reactive centripetal force weren't causing you to go in a circle, it would cause you to accelerate to 60mph in 0.02 seconds. Your magnets are safe though, assuming they are about 8mm cubes of grade N45 neodymium, they pull about 7.3 lbs each but only use 15% of that force to hold themselves on the rim at 600rpm. Centrifugal acceleration = w^2 * r. with w = angular velocity in radians = 600rpm * 2 * pi / 60 r = radius in metric = 0.5 * 27in * 0.0254m/in

[@brandonlong5828]

🧮

[@matthiashunstock4713]

Once you take into account that rpm ist not per second, you will get a useful result.

[@MrSaemichlaus]

@@matthiashunstock4713 My formula for angular velocity converts rpm to radians with one rotation being 2*pi and one minute being 60 seconds.

[@matthiashunstock4713]

@@MrSaemichlaus true .... 😒 didnt see it down there. Still seems to be too much but there is no discussion with pysics.

[@MrSaemichlaus]

@@matthiashunstock4713 It's more than I expected too. For an intuitive comparison, maybe you know those videos where some young bloke sits in a children's carousel on a playground and somebody else holds the wheel of a scooter on the outside perimeter and hits the gas. It doesn't take more than 3 turns per second (180rpm) for them to go flying off :)

[@Brandon-rc9vp]

One of the best things about your videos is you always show the errors you encounter along the way - this makes them much more valuable than many others out there. Thank you Cody!

[@smellslikeupdog80]

I am impressed with no tape around the magnets. That's a lot of trust to not fling those suckers across the room. Love your work man, You're a great maker. Thanks for stickin around all these years.

[@hspawn8895]

Nobody talking about how he just has a model T in his garage covered in dust XD

[@ravenamiir9340]

My exact thought like why

[@MrDJAK777]

For this channel that's about as ordinary a surprise/reveal as we've ever gotten.

[@the_original_Bilb_Ono]

We have several model T and model A Fords on my family's land in old barns here in southern Virginia on the NC boarder. they aint that rare, especially out west where things don't rust much. Theres also a very old Ford tractor and one steam powered car, not sure what kind. But obviously they are in very poor to completely destroyed condition. The barn that the steam car was in collapsed on top of it and has been that way since i can remember and im 27. Its a shame, im sure there are people out there who would LOVE to buy them. Yet my folks wont sale anything. Nothing. Doesn't matter what you offer. They just let all their stuff rot.. They also aint gunna leave me anything in their will either.. Lol.

[@carbon5362]

Tbh I would be surprised if he didn't have a model T.

[@Rebar77_real]

I didn't even notice it until he mentioned it. Oops.

[@ElectroBOOM]

YAY MAGNETIC FIELDS!!

[@anandmohan6412]

Yaaay it's youuu BooMer😍

[@anandmohan6412]

Yaaay it's youuu BooMer😍

[@deano43]

Anand Mohan , it wasn’t good enough to say twice. 😂

[@anandmohan6412]

@@deano43 sorry buddy Too much excitement 😅

[@deano43]

Anand Mohan , you could of deleted one of them and made me look like an idiot 😂. Thanks buddy.

[@fricasseekid]

Watching this video offers a perfectly understandable model of voltage, amperage, wattage, resistance, and frequency. I dont think I ever began understanding the relationship between voltage and frequency till I saw this. Kudos!

[@rollbot]

This is so amazing you are using a physical or mechanical switching of magnetic fields to generate this kind of temperature! I would have imagined this WOULD NOT be possible without transistor switching! LOVE IT!

[@theappleboi3104]

"If you've ever torn apart a Transformer..." Ah yes of course

[@dannydevito7000]

I mean I have

[@mikeguy1899]

Same

[@michaeldebidart]

Unicron liked that

[@absolutehuman951]

Russian kids understand

[@thomastruant8837]

It's so obvious now

[@nicholaslo9483]

“A bullet me and Grant Thompson made” that warms my heart and brings back the fondest memories

[@spookwagen-thegreat1350]

RIP King Of Random. You were taken far far too soon

[@thebricknomads]

Rip the greatest diy yotuber

[@Buddha23Fett]

@@thebricknomads he wasn’t even that good. It all just turned into the same shit.

[@LaskyLabs]

@@Buddha23Fett boy you just said the wrong thing at the wrong place. You're going to want to delete that before you face a wrath from all of the DIY loving nerds.

[@Buddha23Fett]

@@LaskyLabs aww is the fanboy mad?

[@johnr.timmers2297]

I've been in a number of lectures and learned nothing, yet somehow Cody seems to teach me something new in every video

[@jamesbutterbaugh2390]

Thank you! For years I have been wondering what would happen if you lined a flywheel with powerful magnets interacting with copper coil. Keep up the great work. I'm going to watch more of your videos.

[@Grom-rl8bm]

"Thinking about doing a video on it someday" how many times have we heard that, Cody 🤣

[@theCodyReeder]

seeing how this video was filmed over 2 years ago...

[@jacobjohnson2070]

Cody'sLab Aw Cody, I thought you sounded much happier and energetic in this video and I got excited for you.

[@carbon5362]

@@theCodyReeder Wait but your hair?

[@theCodyReeder]

@@carbon5362 parts of it were filmed 3 days ago.

[@carbon5362]

@@theCodyReeder Oh I was so confused.

[@twocvbloke]

It's not often people take a generator and turn it into a generator... :P

[@nikolaishriver7922]

I get what you’re saying, but he didn’t quite turn a generator into a generator. He added another generating output on his motor. Like putting a second alternator on a car motor. Now if you ran an electric motor off this motors generator output, and ran another generating component on the output of that motor, you would be turning a generator into a generator. I really don’t care. Just for fun of pondering’s sake. It’s like 4am and I have nothing better to do

[@atrocious_pr0xy]

@@nikolaishriver7922 way to logic and ruin the party.

[@MyGirlMyWhiskeyAndMe]

hahahaha

[@brianward7550]

😅

[@PinkRufinox]

This is the coolest practical example. Way more educational AND entertaining then what they teach in school

[@JohanErikssonSWE]

Always a pleasure to watch your videos, fun and educational stuff that is possible to recreate without tons of fancy equipment. Love your chillaxed approach to science and engineering.

[@bogdankarnaukhov95]

Everybody's talking about Cody's model T but nobody mentioned how lucky he got with that tight fit magnet ring

[@lordchickenhawk]

I was impressed with the fact that it happened to be a perfect fit AND also an even number of magnets. That ment he could fit them north-south-north-south all the way round.

[@aserta]

Can we talk about his statement at the start? A modern reproduction for that engine, that looks authentic down to the paint having that thick quality to it (IE, not spray paint).

[@lordchickenhawk]

@@aserta Yeah, that is rather odd. I wonder if they have been under continuous production like the Enfield Bullet or if, like you suggest, they're reproductions

[@BusinessWolf1]

I'd like your comment but..

[@vocalpatriot]

RIGHT?!?

[@bowshermanator]

"it's making a whirring noise.." famous last works

[@skeetsmcgrew3282]

"Hm, seems a little loose" is also a good one

[@Guru_1092]

"I don't think it's supposed to do that." is one of my favorites.

[@straight-up-shots]

Same with "Hey Chuck, can you show me your famous roundhouse ki..."

[@sleeptyper]

I'd be worried if he said "It's making a ticking noise...".

[@ncot_tech]

Shortly afterwards something usually goes *ping!* and hits a wall. Early science must have been interesting, trying to work out whether that noise, smell, sudden increase in temperature or intense vibration was normal or a warning sign of unintentional rapid and forceful self dismantling of the experiment.

[@bensons999]

*_"It's making a whirring noise!"_* The last sentence spoken before the universe imploded.

[@areyouavinalaughisheavinal5328]

I find myself watching this again 9 months later. while watching you crank the engine over to get it started, it occurred to me what a genius invention the flywheel is... more impressive than the simple wheel itself because there's deeper theory behind a flywheel than there is a basic wheel. we understand the function of a flywheel, we understand how it works... but to be that guy who figured it out in the first place, it's impressive.

[@thepewplace1370]

that moment someone was messing with a wheel, tried to stop it spinning and realized how difficult it was to do so, do you think he went "oh, wow, that's a battery" or did he just figure he shouldnt do that again because the effort hurt his hand?

[@nikkiofthevalley]

@@thepewplace1370 Most people would have the second reaction. That 1% of people who are true inventors and innovators would go "Oh that's interesting. Can that be used to store energy?"

[@joseangelmonterroza9364]

"The silver bullet Grant and I made" has the same enrgy as "The lockpick Bosnian Bill and I made"

[@naemr8569]

Nothing on one, a click out of two, three is lighting up blue........

[@FranklinLaserBlog]

Naemr and a little bit of counter rotation on the spin wheel.

[@equuspallidus]

Ahhhh...I understand why Cody is having a hard time. He forgot to turn all the disks clockwise as far as they will go. Disk detainer for the win.

[@Jeff-ss6qt]

Though, Grant died.

[@joseangelmonterroza9364]

@@Jeff-ss6qt he did

[@sumo-ninja]

The only dude in America with burnt spoons and is not a junkie

[@michealpersicko9531]

i mean i accidentally left a wooden spoon near the gas flame once and it burned im not a junkie

[@rogerramjet8964]

Haha...

[@skrimper]

@@michealpersicko9531 I feel like that's even worse

[@russellreal]

plot twist, he IS a junkie and this is how he justifies burnt spoons

[@skrimper]

@@russellreal the ruse to end all ruses

[@valseedian]

I love what you do here, I went through a bunch of comments and didn't see this mentioned, but I'm sure down there somewhere someone got to it before me: if you want to make that much more powerful, stack your magnets in a halbach array(may need more adhesion ) and instead of using the magnets directly, use a transformer loop->induction heater ... or just use wire made into 2 coils just like a transformer, but one side is an induction heater instead. you can get even more power out of it if you make the source loop large and round and conform only one section to a larger portion of your wheel, leaving space to the other section of your source loop, assuming you're also using the halbach array. maybe for funsies just grab any old transformer and get the magnets really close to the core between the coils and see if any power comes out.

[@phoenixsixxrising]

All I can hear is my old shop teacher yelling "QUIT SCREWING AROUND!" lol

[@ivandagr857]

Cody casually mentions his model T like we can relate

[@nkrssb]

I can relate, we use similar engine to cut corn feed for cows

[@JRPW]

Lmao I can too. Dad just happens to have 2 completed in the garage

[@wewya.]

@Scotty hes talking about the Ford in his garage

[@kevinbroderick3779]

I feel the same way when he mentions his Mercury mine.

[@reallife7375]

Shit whats a t model worth??

[@xephael3485]

Finally a video with a ring of magnets that is not claiming infinite energy.

[@davemwangi05]

But there is infinite space and energy in the universe. oh not that I know. That's just a conjecture.

[@davemwangi05]

@@holycrapski Oh, that's awesome, meaning the engine is taking carbon dioxide from air and converting it into gasoline. LOL generating gasoline from thin air.

[@zyanidwarfare5634]

You could probably do something “infinite” by using a crank driven flywheel that gets going using a handcrank and is maybe kept going by a small water screw style turbine, so it would generate more than the water wheel itself normally would, just me brainstorming though idk if it would work or not

[@satibel]

@@zyanidwarfare5634 what you're hinting at would be akin to a pony motor, which would start a bigger one in case of low power from the river, as the big wheel would need more power to start than to run. something you might want to look at is hydraulic rams, which can pump higher than regular pumps, but not constantly. besides overcoming friction/starting a bigger wheel or getting water to a better place (like crossing a high spot) I don't think there are gains to using a secondary wheel that can't be made by just having it produce energy directly.

[@GradivusMars]

@@davemwangi05 incidentally, you can convert the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into gasoline. What you need is a CO2 capture plant and a hydrolysis plant to provide the raw materials for synthetic fuel, and lots of energy to power it all. Look up Carbon Engineering.

[@haves_]

the way you're putting that bolt there essentially making it an inductor, the more alternating electromagnets rate (hence tightly packed North-South magnets) will induct more flux and so the energy increases

[@KrazyKyle-ij9vb]

I'm guessing this is how induction heaters work, except they alternate in the realm of tens or hundreds of thousands of times per second and not the roughly one and a half thousand this is at.

[@JephSullivan]

Cody, you’ve really outdone yourself. This is one of the best science demonstration videos I’ve seen on KZbin (and I’ve seen a lot). Using the LEDs to demonstrate how the current alternates is brilliant. My kids have been asking me how electricity is produced, and this video makes it super clear, so we’re going to watch it together ASAP. Thanks, and keep it up!!

[@Faramik2000]

Yup this subject when taught in school was just boring and confusing but watching this video is so fun and the practical demomstrations are easily understood

[@richhagenchicago]

@@Faramik2000 It would have been a lot more exciting with a Lister and a bunch of magnets back when I was studying this stuff too.

[@shaggybaggums]

@@Faramik2000 I particularly liked the foil ball in the test tube. Simple but effective.

[@MaxUgly]

Check out Tech Ingredients too!

[@PanduPoluan]

For adults, ElectroBoom's videos are actually very informative, especially the ones where he whips up his small whiteboard.

[@stevenclark2188]

"So much more easy than the Model T over there." Duuuude you can't just drop that in passing like that.

[@TheMixflow]

here in the comments only because of this! how tf does he has a model T?

[@GrugGangGrugGang]

Pretty sure he means a Ford.

[@RKroese]

@@GrugGangGrugGang I think u r right. Ur the 1st!

[@extrastuff9463]

@@GrugGangGrugGang Indeed, I thought it was a bit hard to miss. Also if a Tesla model T takes more physical effort to start than the generator he was starting... something is very wrong.

[@steveskouson9620]

Cody is correct. The model T doesn't have compression release, the Listeroid does. Watch him start it the first time, he gets the engine up to speed, and then he releases the compression release. I've never run an Indian Listeroid, but I have run a few real Lister engines. steve

[@nicholaslee722]

If you arranged the magnets in a halbach array, you can redirect most of the field strength to one side (say away from spin axis). Then the energy captured will be much higher.

[@treasuretotrash2067]

This is exactly how magnetos in small engines work. Theres a lot more windings around the iron core so that it creates thousands of volts rather than just a few

[@Dogedows]

"I put some spit on it and it sizzled" this is why I love this channel, he does science my way.

[@kingfloridaman5274]

He does high level Florida science

[@rassault]

We found a burnt spoon in the shed Jimmy! "I was just makin' Field's metal I swear mom!"

[@Gameboygenius]

That's not an excuse, Jimmy! I told you to get a Fields Medal, not to make Field's metal. We're a family of *mathematicians* not metallurgists, Jimmy!

[@mare4602]

@@Gameboygeniusi laughed

[@thomastruant8837]

But mom the geometry of crystalizing metal is so complex

[@zXNilremXz]

Best comment ever

[@homesteadcoins717]

You need to take in consideration that the penny of dated before 1982 was 95% copper and 5 % zinc and any penny after is only copper plated zinc. ... therefore you have a different melt temp. ... love the science behind magnetic... great video my friend!

[@TheBackyardKnight]

This is amazing and my mind is blown. Thank you.

[@dwaynezilla]

[sees burnt spoon]: are you doing heroin?? [Cody]: No, I'm doing SCIENCE!

[@pvc988]

KZbinrs who do science, have audience who do science.

[@blastfiendsunite420]

@Eddie Hitler👌 nailed it haha

[@unrulybot1352]

Me: so heroin

[@michaellin4553]

Are ya sciencing son?

[@NinjaOnANinja]

Science. Intellectual heroin.

[@DeadCatX2]

Electrical engineer here. The Skin Effect also influences the distribution of current in a block of copper. At higher frequencies, more of the current is distributed closer to the surface. At sufficiently high frequencies, a block of copper can actually become a wall which the currents on either side will have trouble crossing. The back EMF is proportionally induced in the center of the conductor, pushing the electrons toward the edge of the conductor. When designing circuit boards, this can lead to interesting situations where you need to place a stitching via when crossing a reference plane like ground. This allows the highest frequency currents to shift from one side of the copper pour to the other side. Without a stitching via, the currents become stray, searching desperately for some way to get to the other side of the wall. And when they do, these stray currents usually create large inductive loops that make the circuit radiate significant energy. What's interesting here is that your setup creates 163 cycles per revolution, with 10 rev/sec that's 1.63 kHz, which is a pretty respectable frequency. There are convenient calculators for the skin effect online, because this is a challenge electrical engineers deal with regularly. At 60 Hz, the skin effect is 8.5mm in copper, which is why for AC distribution you rarely see anything much thicker than that. For 1.63 kHz, the skin effect is roughly 1.5mm. If you're too much thinner than this (the bullet's casing was about 1/4th of this), the losses are too low to do much heating. The skin depth for lead, by the way, is about 5.6mm. A 45 caliber bullet ought to have 11.5mm diameter, right? That's about 2x the skin depth, so *if* you were going to induce significant losses in lead, that's probably a decent thickness to use. Stronger magnets would help. Faster magnets might actually backfire, because the skin depth tends to go down by the square root of the frequency; if your skin effect losses are already too low, moving the magnets faster might produce even less heat. Furthermore, geometry of the objects plays a large part. That's because the contours of these objects tends to be significant and on the order of the skin depth. You could see an example of the skin depth in action by looking at the portions of the alloy that started to melt first, and which melted the most.

[@RyoFax]

This is truly the most underrated comment in this section. I'm working with induction heating, not an electrical engineer btw, but just can't get my head around the skin effect, eddy currents, and the sort at the moment. Thanks for the lucid explanation.

[@daganschoen4895]

@@RyoFax i can send you my notes lol

[@foogod4237]

I also suspect a large part of the reason the penny heated up so much more is because it was positioned significantly closer (it didn't have the "holding wires" in the way, adding separation) and it had substantial surface area running parallel to the magnets (it was flat, not a rounded bullet shape). Both of these factors would induce far stronger currents in the penny than in the shell of the bullet, too...

[@innacrisis6991]

@@daganschoen4895 That would honestly be pretty helpful

[@auddioduck6492]

Thanks for this Cody!

[@diodazelena3330]

Electrical engineer 2 here: All it would really take is to make simple U shape iron core that would cross two adjacent poles of magnets, so it would create complete path for magnetic flux. This compared to simple bolt shown in video will increase flux linkage tremendously. Then you would need weird bullet with ring shape that you would put over this core. It would melt pretty much instantly, probably even with the iron core since the frequency here is extremely high with so much poles.

[@Toastmaster_5000]

You know Cody has complete trust and understanding in science when he nonchalantly pours a molten alloy into his hand.

[@danisprettygay]

After bathing in mercury, that was pretty meh.

[@kingdumbass1582]

I work in an optical lab and the alloy we use to mount lenses for machining has such a low melting point that hot tap water can melt it. It's really fun to mess around with as long as you wash your hands after.

[@TheSam1902]

Famous last words: "It's making a whirring noise !" 8:34

[@funforall9741]

So the lights burned out, also there appears to be a portal to another world

[@charlesshreeve319]

"I think I see a gun!"

[@kevinj5404]

I love your hardcore experiments! US needs more of this soul!

[@s1lv3rbordeaux47]

Thanx for this video, you've actually taught (or prehaps more correctly reaffirmed & reignited my knowledge) me a great deal in a couple of subjects I already knew a decent amount in, having a strong interest in. This doesn't happen with such illuminating suprise that often, when considering the amount of KZbin my mind consumes, I'll put it on to your down to earth approach, clearly intuitive way of communicating, relaxed & mellowed by such a country background which resonates within me through minimal earlier life memories on the other side of the world in New Zealand. So a big thanx to you Cody, great work. Much appreciated that here watch. One new sub.

[@BillySugger1965]

Hey Cody, many years ago I used to run a diesel cement mixer for my dad, and he always told me NEVER to wrap my thumb around the starting handle, because if it backfires, it can break your thumb. Just cupping you’re fingers and thumb around the one side of the handle means a backfire will throw the handle out of your hand without breaking your thumb.

[@kevin6030]

Yes. I was told the same thing about cranking old tractors. Could break your arm

[@jamesstutheit25]

i think codys handle has a mechanism like a ratchet wrench so it only turns one way otherwise he wouldnt be able to take the handle off and the thing would be horribly unbalanced.

[@philthycat1408]

Didn't break my thumb but it was pretty sore

[@dougboyatt2927]

A friend of mine was trying to crank an old tractor & it kicked back & broke his forearm then he told me that was the 3rd time that happened. At least it wasn't his thumb tho 😂😂😂

[@breewaldenwomanizerforlife9341]

@@dougboyatt2927 Id rather have my thumb broken than my forearm

[@IMVADER2]

I'm sorry, you have a model-T??? ...can we see it? :D Edit: since I gotta be more specific for the comments; not to drive! Just would like a good view is all :)

[@br6768]

The Model T is a cheap car.. not very desirable. Not fun to drive either.

[@NickyNiclas]

@@br6768If it's not that desirable, that means there's still many of them around? I thought they had become pretty rare these days.

[@MrHarvywallbanger]

Go watch people driving them. It looks miserable, but it got the job done, barely.

[@harbingertheheretic3541]

@@NickyNiclas they're rarely driven because they're a pain in the ass (and other body parts) to drive, but there are loads of them in the midwest.

[@br6768]

@@NickyNiclas Yes. The model T was the only game in town for about 20 years

[@heathhunley7342]

Reminds me of the old 208 Fairbanks-Morse engines, they're used mainly for the pumping unit of an oil well but are designed to run on propane or natural gas. Since it requires a spark it uses magnets on the side of the flywheel to generate the spark, and the specific placement effects the engines timing.

[@pk2712]

I love the way you do experiments in your lab . You show that you do it in an honest fashion . In schools , all the problems are worked out for you . The way you show that it is necessary to think on your feet . This is closer to the reality of how experiments are done by scientists .

[@YotaXP]

Now I'm curious about this alloy with the melting point of wax.

[@theCodyReeder]

Here’s more: kzbin.info/www/bejne/govWY2SqpbCar6s

[@sdspivey]

A metal that can't handle Florida's summer. Weak!

[@ProtoMan137]

@Sciurus Niger wouldn't it be easier to use a caliper tho. They have inner diameter measureing beaks things (dont know how to call them in English)

[@scythelord]

@@ProtoMan137 That's useful only if you can disassemble to get your calipers in there. It is easier to just use the calipers on the slug than disassembling everything to measure directly.

[@asdfg2560]

Proto Man those would only work for the bore at the muzzle and to give you some information about the case head. It would give you no information about the cartridge dimensions so you would know anything about the body or shoulders of the case.

[@magnetscience]

If you try this again, a much stronger radial field component can be produced by orienting the magnets (Up)-(Left)-(Down)-(Right)-(Up)-(Left) etc instead of (Up)-(Down)-(Up)-(Down). That's what you will find in a linear motor (linear Halbach magnet). But you will probably need some glue.

[@rebeccaofsunnybrookefarm8469]

I don't know how I lost your channel but I'm glad I found it again. Awesome my grandfather had one of those clanking motors. I'm sad to recall the family members who sold it for pennies as to have one of our own have it. Great experience.

[@ronniepirtlejr2606]

Cool! A magnetic inductor that runs off diesel fuel. It can melt copper, Lead and solder. It can even charge batteries or light LEDs. Now that is some cool science Cody!👍🇺🇸

[@mishell128]

I didn't realize Field's metal had such a low melting point and kind of freaked out when Cody was about to pour it into his hand

[@charlesgrove6905]

62C isn't that low, its definitely enough to give you burns if not removed quickly. It's interesting he conveyed it as on par of parrafin wax which is bout 40C.

[@charlesgrove6905]

I use it for die casting for figurines, and have burnt myself.

[@davemwangi05]

@@charlesgrove6905 There's another alloy of gallium and indium that's got a melting point of less than 0 celcius. I don't remember if the alloy is called indiumgallium or indiangirl or...

[@charlesgrove6905]

@@davemwangi05 Galinstan? -19C

[@hexagon8899]

Charles Grove he said its about the same melting point as candle wax, and ive been able to melt candle wax by leaving it out in the sun.

[@adrianschmidt5564]

I'm amazed the USA dont have their own Unit for RPM.

[@Elia2Tu]

Ain't that wacky?

[@trippybruh1592]

“Revolution’s” per minute. Bruh

[@quill444]

long play record . . . 33.333333333333333..... rpm - j q t -

[@trespire]

@@quill444 That's under 20 LPR

[@MyGirlMyWhiskeyAndMe]

TTPMAAH Turny Things Per Minute And A Half

[@thesaus1975]

Fantastic video that was well put together. Loved it. Thank you.

[@smatejka2386]

Absolutely Brilliant, Thank you

[@LordMoku]

Beginning: haha flashy lights go brrr Middle: And this how railguns work

[@KevinSmith-ys3mh]

Whoah- LOL, basically how the US Navy's new carrier's aircraft catapults stores & delivers energy to its linear accelerator system- EMALS!

[@quasidivine3329]

Lol

[@tejing2001]

Actually it's not too related to how railguns work, beyond that they're both electromagnetic devices. Certain maglev train concepts are very similar though, and of course induction stoves are pretty much exactly this but with an AC-driven electromagnet instead of moving permanent magnets.

[@F_L_U_X]

Cody is like one of those old, weird (but really cool) people that fascinate you with knowledge...but he's young. It's weird. lol He reminds me of my dad.

[@TheOnlyDamien]

Now just imagine when he's actually old, the man will have like triple the knowledge of those old weird but super knowledgable old people of yore! He'll be like a walking sage of fascinating knowledge. I definitely know who I want on my side when the apocalypse hits hard.

[@MushyMaan]

Cody has both wisdom and intelligence. Love his videos

[@hexagonist23]

i wish i had a dad like yours.

[@MrAndroidData]

loved watching this, this kind of stuff fascinates me

[@neogator26]

Cool! Don't forget that B fields loose intensity at rate of radius cubed. The bullet was farther away from the magnets and it is curved rather than flat like the penny. I think those factors likely had more to do with the lead not melting than the thickness of the bullet's copper shell.

[@david10291029]

8:35 "it's making a whirring noise..." Cody hadn't realized it yet, but he created a time machine. Sending him back to the Jurassic period.

[@TanelM]

Auto-generated caption translated the whirring noise as [Applause] 👏

[@douglas8568]

lets hope that he was wearing the chain mail!

[@ryannutter4669]

"It's making a whirring noise!" *time folds in on itself*

[@TheManLab7]

It's the alternating magnetic fields what makes the noise. If you've got a small motor and a small VFD. If you hold the output of the shaft and turn the frequency up. You'll hear the fields moving around even though the shaft is stationery. I wouldn't try it out through. Because if you don't know what your doing, you'll cut your hand to shreds and break your wrist.

[@Lostamundo]

I thought he said it's making a worrying noise. lol

[@SethyWethyKine]

Famous last words

[@milsgarage]

This is frickin awesome. Knowledge is power. Thank you for this video 👍👍👍

[@user-oz5iy4bl1u]

Out of 30+ science channels that I follow Cody's lab is most entertaining and he holds more knowledge than anyone of them

[@JK-vb8di]

ah, yeah just a freaking model T in the barn.... nothing to see here

[@-Honeybee]

Beat me to it.

[@RENO_K]

Timestamp?

[@TravisTerrell]

@@RENO_K Reference to it is literally within the first minute (though you don't see the thing.)

[@gunshipproduct2]

@@TravisTerrell You see it in the background, the old ford is clearly visible

[@adognamedsally]

"Now if you've ever torn apart a transformer..." Ah yes, very relatable.

[@sofuckingannoying]

In my childhood, if you wanted copper wire, you had to tear apart either a transformer or a motor. See, all a transformer is good for is transforming, but with copper wire you could do pretty much anything.

[@dustybrown4599]

@@sofuckingannoyingsame. I had everything in the house torn to pieces by age 8. I loved the motors and transformers. I was 25 when I sold that accumulated wire

[@ChuckD59]

It's what brings us here, no? You're required to have torn something apart as a kid that you couldn't reassemble (with parental fallout).

[@alexfrederick9019]

Transformers and motors got ripped apart for curiosity, then later for money. Not unheard of for good sized transformers to have 200 lbs of copper. At the highest prices I ever got that was $662 cleaned at the scrap yard.

[@charlesshreeve319]

I took apart my older sister's Lionel train steam engine when I was about 4. It never ran again. But I had to know what was inside! I had to wait till I was old enough to read to learn where the smoke came from....

[@davidlhamilton3305]

Thanks for the research info.

[@surfbyrd1]

Thank you Cody!

[@jasminejo2424]

i feel like if they ever decide to remake mythbusters they need cody to be the "it didnt explode so lets see what we can do to make it explode" guy

[@whalebone1206]

10:10 "So here's one of the silver bullets that Grant Thompson and I made" RIP

[@scottdotson9078]

I miss his content so much. The new stuff just isn’t as good. Nate and cally aren’t doing bad, just not the same content as it was

[@sethr.c1065]

He made an alloy in a spoon without measuring, melted it with a blowtorch, and dumped it into his hand. Knowledge is confidence...

[@garvinthomas6303]

U are onto something,I see those magnets as man's way of another source of energy and traversing space 🚀,

[@ghlscitel6714]

Next step: Configuring a Halbach magnet array on the fringe of the flywheel. Will be twice as strong. At least!

[@eclectichoosier5474]

You'd have to glue it to the flywheel - unless you put it inward, in which case, the magnetic field on the bullet would be minimal. (But it would have no problem sticking to the wheel!)

[@pokemonking9516]

What tf is that

[@eclectichoosier5474]

@@pokemonking9516 A Halbach array? To explain as simply as possible, the polarity of the magnets is changed as the magnets are placed so that each magnet with a pole perpendicular to the plane has a magnet next to it with the same pole oriented horizontally toward it. The next perpendicular magnet is opposite polarity. The net effect is that on one side of the array, the magnetic fields reinforce each other and become a lot stronger. On the opposite side of the plane, the magnetic fields cancel each other out, and the field is much weaker. A well built array has no significant magnetic field on one side, but a strong one on the other.

[@VersatileDenzell]

Grant Thompson, a legend who will continue to live on forever. RIP Grant

[@GraemeSPa]

Something taught to me in the early days of my career was 'when hand cranking a small diesel engine, alway keep the thumb on the same side of the fingers. This is so that if the engine kicks back, the crank will pull out of your grip. If you have your thumb on the opposite side of the handle - as shown in this video - if the engine kicks back, it could break the thumb. It happens.

[@171apples171]

That whirring noise was so badass. One of my favorite sounds is the sound of an automotive alternator working really hard.

[@martinszmidt6121]

i was pretty sure that this was how he'd lose a finger

[@TechyBen]

Yeah. "Oh no one of those magnets will fling off and take out his eye" and then "oh no, that glass tube will get knocked and..." *smash*

[@jonmurph589]

I honestly thought the same 😬😂

[@Chrotesque]

Yeah him gesticulating close to that machine while running was giving me anxiety the entire time :>

[@EthanHeffernan]

The test tube bumped a magnet once before the shot where it broke, maybe 20 seconds before you can see a spark.

[@user-gl1ls1jx3h]

I was more afraid of a bunch of magnets and/or shards of magnet flying at him at high speed

[@dakodakelm1800]

I am surprised that more people aren't talking about how this bullet is the one Cody and Grant made together Edit: Clarification, I am talking about Grant Thompson10:10

[@skeetsmcgrew3282]

Wait like as in the now deceased Grant?

[@josiahropp9100]

Skeets McGrew Yes Jack ass

[@skeetsmcgrew3282]

@@josiahropp9100 If you prefer I could have said "You mean the shitty Grant from that trashy faux-science channel who kicked the bucket" but hes dead and he had a family so I figured I would be nice

[@marinaatkin1581]

@@skeetsmcgrew3282 I actually really liked the channel when he ran it, I think it was only really when he handed the reins over to Jake or whatever his name is that it started going downhill.

[@michaelkessler3813]

I was surprised he still had it and brought it out. Grants channel was good for a bit, then he left, the good experiments and projects went along with him and now we are left with a strange youtube channel that is still in place to feed his family, and pay his former employees.

[@mutualbeard]

Onya Cody! I really enjoy your curiosity and inventiveness. Greetings from Robertson, New South Wales, Australia.

[@Dued12341]

Always appreciate amazing alliterations.

[@MaleniaLi]

I saw Cody holding the spoon of molten metal over his hand and thought "AAA WHAT ARE YOU DOING" But I should know to trust Cody at this point

[@Palmit_]

I love the simplicity and the anti-stereotypical laboratory of lab coats etc. Love this channel. Keep up the good work Cody! :)

[@Zipppyart]

And then you have NileRed, who spends weeks if not months on his experiments. Quite contrasting really.

[@cyrilio]

@@Zipppyartboth showing parts of how science works

[@Palmit_]

@@Zipppyart Both are awesome :)

[@Zipppyart]

@@Palmit_ indeed.

[@vossierebel]

Memorably marvellous moving magnetic machinations!

[@dimitardobrev3296]

This was amazing.