The Scanning Electron Microscope

Scanning Electron Microscope
- Main components
- Basic principle
- Practical procedure
- Imaging of surfaces and chemical analysis
Responsible for this video: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rainer Schwab, Hochschule Karlsruhe (Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences), Germany

[@sonicrising6614]

It blows my mind that somebody figured all this out.

[@garethbaus5471]

The interesting part is that someone can make a low quality one in his/her garage with only a couple thousand dollars in materials.

[@jayizzett]

So much of this vid is theory sonic. Don’t be too mind blown .. damn deceivers

[@No_OneV]

IKR

[@thatmomentwhen9718]

@@garethbaus5471 That's exactly what I'm looking for. Do you have a link to some online resource for that?

[@WhiteGeared]

@Jay Izzett Yeah I was thinking about that why sucking some electrons will produce the corresponding image? I bet there'r massive image processing going on in the background so actual image is impossible?

[@DiCola119]

I'm amazed they can see the image in real time. I always imagined the image taking extraordinary long amounts of time to process.

[@walterwojcik5090]

me too

[@AnteBrkic]

probably that was true until recently?

[@johndripper]

prolly coz computers got faster and can process data faster :) now and still improving :) next thing you know you will carry a supercomputer in your wristwatch ;)

[@garethbaus5471]

The higher resolution images require a slower raster.

[@tjeanneret]

I have worked on Stereoscan 250/600/... in the 80', we have always been able to get a "television" frequency for "low" resolution. Than, when it is about to take a picture, you lower the beam current and the scanning speed.

[@ako9212]

If theres ever an apocalypse im just gonna break into a lab with one of these and play around until i get killed

[@can_uysal]

why dont you just buy one

[@Shock_Treatment]

@@can_uysal Probably because those really high-tech ones are $60,000+.

[@can_uysal]

@@Shock_Treatment probably im just joking

[@nikolausdeems1922]

SoulsOfWolves lot more than that

[@fabiankehrer3645]

@@nikolausdeems1922 Plus the Lab you have to set up

[@sahilraheja3538]

best explanation of electron microscope on youtube

[@MegaCadette55]

yup

[@Time2Splitt]

exactly, it's not just some shapes from powerpoint thrown together to represent what's going on... you actually get to see the experiment being conducted/hardware being used - from start to finish. If only explanations of concepts were as pedagogically considered & realised like this, a lot of natural-physical science would be easy to understand, then you science literacy wouldn't be as difficult.

[@coreycox2345]

I thought the same Time2Split. This could have been a dull presentation where my mind would wander. This was much better.

[@umamaheewaripolinati6752]

Good explanation,thank u

[@devkumar-rs8ys]

@@umamaheewaripolinati6752 so is there x rays detection

[@maker-matt]

Great video. I actually ran one quite similar back in the early 1980's while working at a semiconductor manufacturer in San Jose - on Bubb road near Deanza college. I took step coverage micrographs of mil-spec parts along with the occasional insect. Wolf spiders up close have really big fangs! and bees eyes are incredible. But you need to be very careful or you can set them on fire and really mess up the internals - takes hours to clean and re align the collumn.

[@electricruchir]

wow! that's really interesting

[@justintan7548]

It can catch fire even in a vacuum?

[@maker-matt]

@@justintan7548 Yes, as long as an oxidizer is present things will burn in either a vacuum or underwater. Ever seen underwater welding or a rocket motor in space? Just think how hot a concentrated electron beam can get...

[@leopardtiger1022]

Clear very good explanation. Thank you. I used SEM in 1969 at RWTH Aachen for my Doktor work to study surface of iron ore after reduction with CO and H2. It revealed iron whiskers in different shapes and sizes and explained reason for abnormal swelling during reduction. Though I used it in 1969 today I understand with more clarity how SEM works from your video. Thank you.

[@MaterialsScience2000]

Answer to "Clear very good explanation. Thank you. I used SEM in 1969 at RWTH Aachen for my Doktor work to study surface of iron ore after reduction with CO and H2. It revealed iron whiskers in different shapes and sizes and explained reason for abnormal swelling during reduction. Though I used it in 1969 today I understand with more clarity how SEM works from your video. Thank you." Thanks for the information. The work you describe is an excellent application for SEMs.

[@johnm.v709]

@@MaterialsScience2000 Spin of Indivisible Particle : Watch... kzbin.info/www/bejne/pJ_Op6J_fd-nhtk

[@flaviamaria4956]

Xxxxx

[@6977warrior1]

8:46 When your nearly $1,000,000 scanning electron microscope is run by Windows 3.1, LOL.

[@Muonium1]

It's clearly Windows 2000. 3.x had up and down arrows for minimizing and maximizing windows and it had the dropdown context menu on the upper left. Anyway, the video is obviously from the 2000s.

[@mirtaet123]

Muonium From 2011

[@icesystem7]

the older the windows the more stable it is, that's what you want when running simple applications

[@epicmetod]

Doctor and scientist doesn't want update in middle of research.

[@overridezone973]

🤣

[@BangMaster96]

A great explanation for people without Engineering degrees. Thank You

[@17millionpercocetplease61]

Never would've imagined the microscope is moveable and magnifyable in real time. Holy shit.

[@omerufuk]

+1

[@Spirit532]

The image is much worse in realtime mode though, due to the practical and physical limitations. All SEMs have a high quality acquisition mode, which can take snapshots with good(presentable) resolution. Such scans take many seconds to complete, but you can get many megapixels out!

[@evolutionCEO]

You are happy that this is real? Looks faker than elon musks "car in space"...

[@philidor9657]

Same. I've taken at least 2 classes that taught electron microscopy but never knew you could get a real time image like that! Incredible!

[@philidor9657]

@@evolutionCEO Skepticism for the sake of skepticism isn't cute. Why do you think it's fake? Like for real, give me a reason. Because the image is too perfect?

[@mstepansky64]

Electron scanning microscope reminds me of a very similiar concept: like an upsided down vaccum electron tube, as in TV scanning cathode ray tube, but with more complicated controls inside to examine the specimens on the plate. Thanks to quantum mechanical physics!

[@MaterialsScience2000]

Answer to "Electron scanning microscope reminds me of a very similiar concept: like an upsided down vaccum electron tube, as in TV scanning cathode ray tube, but with more complicated controls inside to examine the specimens on the plate. Thanks to quantum mechanical physics!" Yes, there are many similarities!

[@edward_grabczewski]

very nice and clear presentation. The metal analysis section was a nice bonus!

[@muffinman1157]

6:33 On the surface of the weld, it looks calm and ready.

[@applesweet55]

theres vomit on his already

[@tjd2326]

You can stop bleaching your hair now. Hes a has been. Just another mumbling left snowflake pushover lol

[@davidlloyd3116]

I worked with an SEM as part of my microbiology degree. Brilliant piece of kit.

[@rasmussenrambles8576]

I've seen one been used in real time It is absolutely mind blowing

[@carlospinto1915]

What a GREEEATTTTTT explanation!!!!! Now I'm like 300 thousand steps ahead to use SEM in my investigation!

[@thangkhiam846]

well explained, sir. easy to understand, very good resolution n very systematic operation!

[@larrykent196]

Thank you for the fine job explaining the basics of how a scanning electron microscope works, including the great pictures. Cheers!

[@Scientist_Albert_Einstein]

When I win the lottery I am going to buy one of these.

[@NUBLAR11]

I always imagined a mad scientist in a hazmat suit using a electron microscope and here she is.

[@arnavkatepallewar1771]

The finest and exact explanation of working of an electron microscope ever!

[@abhishek.chakraborty]

Thanks for providing an actual hands-on explanation of SEM .... to be frank, I did have an idea of what it does, but I think now I have a clear understanding of how it works too from this video 👍

[@persiankingish]

J.J Thompson must be smiling from the heaven.

[@Rizwankhatri786]

It was my first time to watch a EM although I have completed my master degree in science...professor always used to say that EM cost is very high. I don't know what's the cost or price of this EM...

[@architectinth]

The non-destructive chemical composition detection due to the type of emitted x-ray is freaking brilliant. Pieces of the puzzle become illuminated once you begin to construct the picture.

[@Th3Mafia]

i have waited too long to watch this video, only found it just now, great presentation of information!! thank you

[@rajivvaidya5507]

Nice explanation. Very useful to understand whole construction and working of SEM.

[@jvargas454]

I know this instrument. You did a very good job of this presentation. I watched the whole thing.. great.

[@RanzithDTC]

Superb what a explaination bro electron microscope costs more than a Lamborghini so we have to thank him because he made us to watch this microscope

[@BushCampingTools]

LOL, great i worked in a EM facility lab for ten years, can't get enough of them!

[@johnmike121]

The scene from Super Troopers "enhance... Enhance.. enhance.." comes to mind 😂

[@weiwang5455]

Thank you! Very education and illustrative. Very clearly explained.

[@dollmonn3641]

Beautifully illustrated and awesomely shown.

[@boreliozazlymestronapacjen1062]

the stuff the people do is unbelieveable... what a beautiful technology

[@gayatriprasad3790]

Best video explanation on scanning electron microscopy.

[@dr.rahulgupta7573]

Excellent explanation of electron microscope. Thanks a lot.DrRahul Rohtak.India

[@Muuip]

Amazing technology! Great presentation!

[@leehyeri9863]

I wish I could see it it in person and use it like her 😭! I just used the light microscope in my schools biology lab and It was fantastic!!!! Idk how amazing it would be to see through a microscope with the magnification of 250000 times !!!!

[@meenus5458]

But how exactly these secondary electrons can actually give a magnification?

[@amirshahzadshahzad3418]

Helo

[@abuahmedzahid538]

Nice & well explained. Thanks a lot.

[@dr.rameshbhise2178]

Best explanation of electron microscope

[@jaimeruedagomez]

Great video, but what I like the most is the extensive use of comic sans.

[@breather8758]

Yeah me too! I liked the Megalovania music playing the background of the video when Comic Sans started displaying on the screen! Oh.. Someone is knocking on my door.. Well, I just realised why. I forgot to pay rent today

[@breather8758]

Nvm sorry for the confusion! I just forgot to pay for my protection money

[@1sirgrandmastermrkingrober216]

Thank you, this is very helpful in Police work, always.

[@jyotinarwal6795]

Amazing conceptual explanation and demonstration

[@raymondamaro3082]

When I was an ojt for a semicon company. We have this kind of microscope use for product / failure analysis. I miss using this machine.

[@superman9693]

Very interesting and very beautiful operator!

[@BTS_12898]

Nice lecture on scanning electron microscopy .... thanks for ur adorable lecture .

[@lala123abc]

So is it essentially like echo location but instead of sound mapping out an image it is electrons mapping out images from an extremely small space?

[@farrisisable]

Very informative. And what a pretty SEM user!

[@585585MC]

6:52 SCIENCE IS INTERESTING

[@brycefant9106]

“You know, this is the largest electron microscope on the eastern seaboard.”

[@ouzytheoriginal]

great job, crystal clear

[@saadachab8425]

I never had such explanation of electron microscope before!

[@ratnabesra8959]

Mind blowing clear explanation again thank you sir

[@Simonsays7258]

Wait people! Y'all don't think this is crazy!? 🤯 The electrons aren't "reflected" like photons would be... They're accelerated towards the sample which knocks off a "secondary electron" ... I don't fully understand but I did Google it and apparently they use both "backscatterd" or reflected electrons as well as secondary electrons. Apparently the simplest kind of SEM just uses secondary electrons. Supposedly they help to improve resolution in the topography of the sample. I still think it's crazy... they're not reflected, but emitted from the atoms and then pulled towards the oppositely charged detector which then measures...the intensity of that electron? 🤔 Aren't all electrons the same? Maybe it has something to do with interferometry? I did find a "Nanofabricated, monolithic, path-seperated electron interferometer" Not a bad idea apparently. 😎

[@kaxtorplose]

2014. That's when this video was made. The OS looks like Windows 98. Or Windows for Workgroups.

[@inuyasha]

Looks really easy to use.

[@EphemeralProductions]

I've always thought that how things look in an electron microscope is REALLY cool! except when you are magnifying creepy looking things like bugs and other such creatures. LOL

[@WhyPhi]

How do the secondary electrons carry the image? This is super cool. Better than relying on reflection as with tradition light they can actually attract the image carrying electrons and convert them to light?

[@erwinmanzano7596]

This is the most detailed and self explanatory mechanism on how the electron microscope works.

[@rock3tcatU233]

These things are so much fun to play around with.

[@Quazi-moto]

If you've done so, I envy you more than you can fathom !

[@OmarFaruk-dt3hs]

As a undergraduate student, I think it is the most easiest way to understanding the principle and procedure of SEM characterization of a sample

[@siddheshshewade7063]

Very good explanation

[@eduardadecastroflach7745]

Congratulations! this video is quite helpful

[@marcelmaes5275]

"Best explanation" is what came up to me too. Obviously I'm not the only one. Never understood what this word "scanning" means in the context of electron microscopes. Many thanks to the Hochschule of Karlsruhe.

[@hrhbrightigwe]

This is a. Practical based knowledge. I. Wish you can conduct a Short Course on the use of SEM. We in developing world neeeds it. Also, I need a copy of this clip and any other. I appreciate this, please keep it up. Bright Igwe, Nigeria

[@AizatZakaria]

so in general, the scanning electron microscope work just like a typical cathode ray tube (CRT) television. where the image is formed by bombarding the specimen with high velocity electron. and scanned the specimen in raster ways, just like a printer. but the intricate science behind those machine is super amazing.

[@sarveshrane8739]

Thanks a lot !! Explained really well !! 👍

[@vikalpluthra5404]

when an electron of the test object is explled out by the electon beam, doesn't the test object's property change? Due to certain electron configuration the object is defined. Now that it has lost the electron does the object remain the same it was before testing? From the results it is obvious the test object remains same. What is actually happening to the test object, when its electrons are explled out by the electron beam?

[@MaterialsScience2000]

Answer to "when an electron of the test object is expelled out by the electon beam, doesn't the test object's property change? Due to certain electron configuration the object is defined. Now that it has lost the electron does the object remain the same it was before testing? From the results it is obvious the test object remains same. What is actually happening to the test object, when its electrons are expelled out by the electron beam?": To the best of my knowledge, an atom really changes its properties a lot, when an inner electron is expelled. However, (i) the number of these atoms (or rather special ions) in proportion to all other atoms in the specimen is small, and (ii) this state is highly instable, the atom repairs itself extremely quickly by the jumps of electrons from the outer shells into the inner shells. So we do not observe any change of properties in the case of metals in a SEM. This is quite different when organic materials (humans, flora, fauna, also polymers) are exposed to fast electrons. Then properties are changed a lot, mostly in a negative way.

[@ManicallyMellow]

everybody gangsta until the flange is sucked off by a vacuum

[@robertschlesinger1342]

Excellent video. Very interesting and informative video.

[@jhyland87]

How is the number of secondary electrons detected by the SE detector enough information to create an image?

[@MaterialsScience2000]

Answer to: "How is the number of secondary electrons detected by the SE detector enough information to create an image?" It really is enough information, and this is the principle. Many detected electrons: the corresponding image pixel is bright; few detected electrons: the corresponding image pixel is dark. But this has to be done point by point and pixel by pixel; for an image of 1 million pixels you need 1 million measurements.

[@corumuk67]

Very informative, clearly explained and nicely demonstrated. Only thing i' didn't get was why the secondary electrons sometimes form a light spot and sometimes a dark spot on the raster image. Is it to do with the number of secondary electrons given off for instance or maybe the angle of the material to the beam of primary electrons?

[@MaterialsScience2000]

Answer to "Is it to do with the number of secondary electrons given off for instance or maybe the angle of the material to the beam of primary electrons?" Both of it, and there are some more influences. Bright spot, when many secondary electrons are registered in the secondary electron detector, dark spot when only few electrons are registered. - Many secondary electrons are registered > at a thin part of the specimen > at an edge of the specimen > at an inclined spot of the specimen > and at a surface that is tilted towards the secondary electron detector - Few secondary electrons are registered > at a thick part of the specimen > at a flat spot of the specimen (perpendicular to the primary beam direction) > and at a surface that is tilted away from the secondary electron detector

[@travisr3]

Good ole edge effect.

[@shrishirol2206]

@@MaterialsScience2000 could you elaborate little more on this. How is the depth of the sample i.e the steps, kinks, adatoms are analysed

[@_arpheus]

Would love to see any moving organism or virus in this

[@scholarshipguide4020]

Very good lecture

[@rohitashwin4435]

Only the first X-ray photon is necessary or does the device read the subsequent photons as well?

[@MaterialsScience2000]

Answer to "Only the first X-ray photon is necessary or does the device read the subsequent photons as well?": The best X-ray analysis is obtained with a long "capture time". Many thousands of photons are then analyzed, sometimes millions.

[@rohitashwin4435]

@@MaterialsScience2000 Thanks for the answer, by the first first photon, I meant each one's first photon.

[@parimisreekar]

Appreciate the presentation. A good overview.

[@alexeyl7884]

Thank you for intelligible explanation. Also I envy that ball.

[@kuhataparunks]

extremely informative thank you very much for showing the microscopy in action

[@FaresAlZamn]

Very nice presentation of the technique .... Thanks !!

[@user-pj4kf8hk5n]

Hello thank you so much this i am sem operator i have worked 15 years

[@nomipakistanli]

best lesson on youtube

[@michaelromano4352]

this is great. i work at a college and we have a fully computerized unit (PSEM). i am going to recommend this to the professor as i am only a technician.

[@billtull]

This video is very good, a little basic but for the time allowed, very informative, thank you!

[@zeepack]

Why didn't we see any micro-organisms on the sample materials? Were they sterilized somehow before being put in the chamber?

[@MaterialsScience2000]

Answer to "Why didn't we see any micro-organisms on the sample materials? Were they sterilized somehow before being put in the chamber?" We clean all objects thoroughly before investigating them in the SEM. But even without cleaning the objects, it is difficult to see micro-organisms in the SEM. This is mainly because of the vacuum: the organisms die, they dry, they deteriorate … To view them in the SEM, special preparation techniques are necessary. Among many techniques the simples one is to dry the object and then coat it with a thin layer of an electrically conductive material, such as gold.

[@dareniu]

Where did the cobalt plate go? I was so excited and watched till the end :( Great video, thank you!

[@MLX1401]

In the video it is mentioned that the plate is only used for calibration :)

[@Marckiller2n]

Just perfect explanation

[@sbmuthuraman]

Both the usage of SEM as well as the theory behind the SEM was explained nicely..

[@sachinmandal1703]

Best video on electron microscope and its working. Very nicely explained.

[@justintan7548]

Why different areas of the sample emit different amount of secondary electrons? And why does more secondary electrons means a brighter image?

[@MaterialsScience2000]

Answer to "Why different areas of the sample emit different amount of secondary electrons?": This is an interesting and very important point. In general, more secondary electrons are emitted in dense materials, and also at sharp edges. I must omit the explanations, they are much too long for this forum, sorry. "And why does more secondary electrons means a brighter image?": This is a completely free decision made by the manufacturer of the SEM. But it is a good decision, because it leads to a "normal looking" image that resembles an optical image. One could also decide to go the other way and create dark pixels at locations where many secondary electrons are emitted. However, this would not look "normal", but more like a negative (inverted) image.

[@aartijoshi9051]

Sucha!! nice explanation loved it.❤

[@michaelashcraft8569]

You ought to see an Eyeball under a Surgical Electron Microscope!! Doc Mike

[@rsphysics2646]

Useful and informative video

[@truesurrealist]

Could you say that the beam causes the object at the point of incidence to glow? In a sense of glowing with rays of electrons, but not in a necessarily visible way? Only in a way detectable by the SE detector?

[@MaterialsScience2000]

Answer to "Could you say that the beam causes the object at the point of incidence to glow? In a sense of glowing with rays of electrons, but not in a necessarily visible way? Only in a way detectable by the SE detector?": Yes, in this sense it is indeed a kind of glowing, but only in this sense. The temperature at the focus point on the surface is not very high (under typical conditions), only slightly above room temperature.

[@drbinus1064]

Very Informative Video.

[@farzadtatar3702]

This video is wonderful, Thanks for preparing and sharing it

[@TronSAHeroXYZ]

Thumnail was worth it.

[@obviouslytwo4u]

3:48 He means Secrets

[@shunmugapriya4107]

Wonderful explanation of SEM

[@sergio.tellez]

Beautiful video, thanks.

[@mozkitolife5437]

Excellent video.