Medulla Oblongata Anatomy - External & Internal (White & Grey matter) + QUIZ

Content:
Introduction: 0:00
Topography of the Medulla: 01:03
Anterior Surface of the Medulla: 01:52
Posterior Surface of the Medulla: 04:19
Internal Surface of Medulla: 05:47
Grey Matter of Medulla 07:08
White Matter of Medulla (Ascending Tracts): 07:51
White Matter of Medulla (Descending Tracts): 11:58
QUIZ! 16:11
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Topography of the Medulla Oblongata:
- Lies above the Spinal Cord, Below Pons, In front of the Cerebellum, on clivus, above foramen magnum
- 2,5 cm length
- Anterior Surface
- Posterior Surface
Anterior Surface of the Medulla Oblongata:
- Anterior Median Fissure (Fissura Mediana Anterior)
- Right Anterolateral Sulcus (Sulcus Anterolateralis Dexter)
- Left Anterolateral Sulcus (Sulcus Anterolateralis Sinister)
- Right Posterolateral Sulcus (Sulcus Posterolateralis Dexter)
- Left Posterolateral Sulcus (Sulcus Posterolateralis Sinister)
- Pyramids of the Medulla Oblongata (Pyramis Medullae Oblongatae)
○ Contain deccusation of pyramid (Decussation Pyramidum)
- Olives of the Medulla (Oliva)
- Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal Nerve) from anterolateral sulci
- Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharygeus)
- Cranial Nerve X (Vagus)
- Cranial Nerve XI (Accessorius)
Posterior View of Medulla Oblongata:
- Posterior Median Sulcus (Sulcus Medianus Posterior)
- Gracile Fascicle (Fasciculus Gracilis)
○ Gracile Tuberce (Tuberculum Gracilis)
- Cuneate Fascicle (Fasciculus Cuneatus)
○ Cuneate Tubercle (Tuberculum Cuneatus)
- Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle (Pedunculus Cerebellaris Inferior)
Gray Matter of Medulla
- Gracile Nucleus (Nucleus Gracilis)
- Cuneate Nucleus (Nucleus Cuneatus)
- Reticular Formation (Formatio Reticularis)
- Olivary Nuclei (Nuclei Olivares)
- Nuclei of the Rhomboid Fossa (Cranial nuclei of X-XII)
Ascending tracts of Medulla:
- Gracile Fascicle (Fasciculus Gracilis) to Gracile Nucleus
○ Epicritic Sensibility (Proprioception and Mechanoreceptios)
- Cuneate Fascicle (Fasciculus Cuneatus) to Cuneate Nucleus
- External Arcuate Fibers (Fibrae Arcuatae Externae)
- Internal Arcuate Fibers (Fibrae Arcuatae Internae)
○ Decussation of the Lemnisci (Deccusatio Lemnisci Medialis)
○ Medial Lemniscus (Lemniscus Medialis)
- Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract (Tractus Spinocerebellaris Anterior)
○ Throguh inferior cerebellar peduncle
- Posterior Spinocerebellar Tract (Tractus Spinocerebellaris Posterior)
○ Through Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
- Anterior Spinothalamic Tract (Tractus Spinothalamicus Anterior)
- Lateral Spinothalamic Tract (Tractus Spinothalamicus Lateralis)
Descending tracts of the Medulla:
- Corticospinal Tract (Tractus Corticospinalis)
- Decussation of Pyramids (Decussatio Pyramidum)
- Lateral Corticospinal Tract
- Anterior Corticospinal Tract
- Corticonuclear Tract (Corticobulbar tract)
- Vestibulospinal Tract (Tractus Vestibulospinalis)
- Olivospinal Tract (Tractus Olivispinalis)
- Olicocerebellar Tract (Tractus Olivocerebellaris)
- Rubrospinal Tract (Tractus Rubrospinalis)
- Tectospinal Tract (Tractus Tectospinalis)
- Lateral Reticulospinal Tract (Tractus Reticulospinalis Lateralis)
- Medial Reticulospinal Tract (Tractus Reticulospinalis Medialis)
- Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (Fasciculus Longitudinalis Medialis)
QUIZ
Sources used in this video:
- Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author)
- Biorender
- University notes and lectures

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PS! There's a little mistake in the table at the end (grey matter). Number 2 and 3 are switched. Apologize for the minor mistake!

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There is a mistake only in 2 and 3 right ??

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Rest of the table is correct right??

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First off, thanks so much for your videos, they are all really informative and so well made! However I have one question here: At about 13:40, you talk about the olivocerebellar tract and how it comes form the olivary nuclei and then goes on into the cerebellum. Wouldn't this be a sensory/ascending pathway and thus blue? Hoping you will see this and answer me because it confuses me a little! Thank so much!😃

[@TaimTalksMed]

Totally understand your confusion! Keep in mind that the olivocerebellar pathway initially relays information from the cerebral cortex that projects to the olivary nuclei and then to the cerebellum. So if you make a ''mindmap'' of this pathway, you'll see that it is in fact descending. You can blame me for not elaborating on this one =)

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[@maradol3813]

hey at the end at min 16:19 u switched the names of cuneate nucleus and gracile nucleus ? and u mentioned in the video when u were explaining them other way around

[@TaimTalksMed]

Thank you for pointing that out! I've pinned a little note in the comment section :)

[@TheMinenow1]

Thank you for a very good explanation of the structure and function of the medulla. I have several autoimmune diseases and had inflammation in this portion of the brain as a consequence. It is helpful in explaining some of my symptoms, wish there were better methods for helping these symptoms!

[@TaimTalksMed]

Sorry to hear about your condition, and I truly hope they find better treatment options in the future as well! I'm glad I could contribute to your learning =)

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What happens if medulla oblongata is constricted?

[@shifataskeen1354]

2 is nucleus gracilis and 3 is nucleus cuneatus

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[@ahmedabdellatif1365]

are pyramidal & medial lemininsci occur at vertical or transverse plane? in another way : do the two decussations actually appear in a transverse section ?

[@TaimTalksMed]

Deccusations in general can be seen in both planes. You'd rather visualize these tracks using visual imaging like track density imaging and tractographies though (as it's hard to localize tracts in the white matter on a cadaver). I only show relative schemes though, really only to help with the visual learning. Hope you found the video helpful nevertheless 😊

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i suppose this is the lower medulla... as we are able to see the nucleus cuneatus and gracillis ..am i right ?

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[@TaimTalksMed]

Hey man! Glad you're finding the videos helpful! Pons is up on Sunday, 4th ventricle and rhomboid fossa on the 15.09. I'm sure you'll do great in the test, just keep your head cold and focused 💪

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[@TaimTalksMed]

Absolutely! As long as you refer it back to the original video :)

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Where can I find this brain model?

[@TaimTalksMed]

I use the program Complete Anatomy :)

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guys i dont understand the kind of fibres that goes to the gracilis nucleus,i understand that there coming from the lower part of the body but what is propreception what kind of fibres are they ???

[@TaimTalksMed]

They mainly come from muscle tendons and joints; so they help your brain understand the position of your joints and the stretch of the muscles :)

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