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When organisms are cultured in appropriate fluid media, there would be increase in the size of bacteria without any multiplication for some time (lag phase). This is followed by multiplication and increase in number of bacteria to the extent that media look turbid to the naked eye (log phase). After some time growth rate becomes stationary (stationary phase) and later on declines (death phase). Counting of bacteria at different periods after inoculation and then events of sequences are represented on a graph which is called growth curve.
In this video, the four phases of bacterial growth are elaborately explained.