Our Paramecia Are Infected

[@JamsGerms]

When I read that paper years ago, I thought I would never be able to find Holospora, and here we are making an episode about them! Life is surely full of surprises. 😂 -James

[@rtaraquin]

Your new scope is amazing, thanks for sharing your passion!

[@senanlane6882]

At 400x how does it look so bright but detailed I have a swift 350b

[@senanlane6882]

Edit: and at 600x

[@TheRealFlenuan]

congrats, you deserve it ^-^

[@sujimtangerines]

Not sure you'll ever see this comment but will having this microscope help any research you're working on (if you are) or enable you to contribute to a paper yourself? (Or is that something you're interested in?)

[@drask1988]

i have to mention this again: the new microscope is so incredibly gorgeous, thank you so much for these pictures!

[@dianagibbs3550]

Right? SO much depth to the images!

[@theykilledjoel1496]

It freaks me out you don’t even think about it but we are covered and filled with these little tiny animals. Super cool love his channel

[@drask1988]

@@theykilledjoel1496 and they are covered and filled with their own little things :D

[@theykilledjoel1496]

Rhagius right! So strange

[@luiguia.cariapazagarcia3656]

Technology is amazing!!! Imagine how good those will be in a few years!:D

[@AccidentalNinja]

I've always thought parasitism could morph into mutualism or symbiosis- yes, you're taking advantage of your host, but if your host isn't doing well you aren't either so it benefits you to help your host if you can.

[@AngryKittens]

Parasitism is already a form of symbiosis. The concept you are talking about is called "optimal virulence," and while it usually results in the evolution of commensalism or beneficial mutualism (including endosymbiosis) in organisms, it has also resulted in the opposite. There are multiple strategies that maximize the fitness of parasites, and it does not always require a living host (in the same way that it does not always require a dead host). The goal after all, is that they reproduce and spread to a new host (while also competing with each other), not merely long-term survival. If they can do that better by killing or severely injuring the host, then higher virulence will be positively selected, and vice versa.

[@evilsharkey8954]

Angry Kittens, parasitoids are a prime example.

[@Mr.CliffysWorld]

Either that or they just use you up for all the resources they can and then when there's nothing left of you they just go search for a new host doesn't get much less labor-intensive

[@LimeyLassen]

I'm sure this is where gut flora came from.

[@markchapman6800]

Certainly the parasites which take the vertical transmission path, dependent on infecting their host's offspring, which have maximum incentive to keep their host healthy enough to breed.

[@laurachapple6795]

Excuse me... I'll be over here, getting my mind blown by the idea of the billions of life-or-death struggles going on all around me...

[@damienholland9244]

I know, it's a real trip. And to think we have been part of that struggle, as well.

[@soulreaver8466]

In, on, and around. A weird perspective an old man once shared with me completely reformed my view on life. We are merely the pilots of our meat vehicles. We are the, for lack of a better word, shepherds of a vast array of environments for countless organisms.

[@DrumBeat231]

SoulReaver846 who's to say that we pilot it? Free will is quite the assumption. (I'm just here to enrich your existential crisis.)

[@Mr.CliffysWorld]

They are battling all over you . On Your hands , in your eye fluid , between your toes lol they're everywhere !!! Lol

[@vinny5638]

Its weird to me to think that death is so inextricably involved in every waking moment, this life is beautifully chaotic.

[@CookieR3aver]

I love the new microscope, this is amazing. Everything looks more three dimensional than before. 6:55 Just LOOK at those little guys squishing around.

[@frankzaffuto3670]

I was thinking about that clip too: the Paramecia must've got stuck during the slide assembly

[@YujiUedaFan]

I prefer the old microscope because you can see everything spin and rotate easier. The current one looks like 2D cutouts in 4K. I really don't get what people mean by it looking more 3D. It looks more detailed sure, but more 3D? No.

[@ianbcnp]

The definition and contrast are extraordinary. Those cilia are so clear as are the internal organelles. Just fantastic - I could watch those beautiful paramecia for hours :-)

[@eskhatos]

That video quality be looking C R I S P and F I N E

[@amentrison2794]

It's that DIC microscopy

[@vinny5638]

it could be CRISPR though, no? Ok I'll see myself out...

[@UberMassiveGaming]

3:05 It's incredible how similar their movement and reactions are to roombas.

[@skyebluesilly]

i mean paramecium are good at detecting whats in front of the even without eyes, so yeah roombas do that too

[@rockflageagle3870]

This is what happens when Paramecia aren't taught to wash their hands at an early stage of development

[@rockflageagle3870]

@Jesse Earll wow, it was clearly a joke

[@evilsharkey8954]

ASMarred, I think he was adding to the joke.

[@ChadDidNothingWrong]

@@rockflageagle3870 id bet my ass to a toenail clipping that "being taught to was their _cilia"_ was meant to be a joke as well.

[@judeabeljangnap7241]

@@rockflageagle3870 r/woooosh

[@paramecium792]

*We just forget to, y'know?*

[@MrGamerCaptain]

I am constantly reminded that every life is trying to survive and thrive even if it might look harmful from another perspective.

[@TheRealFlenuan]

Exactly. And it's important to understand, because there's a common fallacy to think of nature as a harmonious system where every species has its own "purpose", as if "Nature" were a holistic entity trying to keep itself from changing and those niches were predestined and unchanging. In reality, every species is constantly "trying" to evolve a reproductive advantage, and that starts with individuals of the same species (and their individual genes) competing with each other. Evolution isn't about maximizing harmony; it's about incessant competition.

[@mho...]

imagine nature could "think&talk" like we do.... how much they would HATE humans!

[@kurenan4564]

The music really adds to your videos, especially this one for some reason. Excellent job.

[@cycoholic]

I've been wanting a channel or playlist with just this sort of music since the start of this channel. Especially 8 to 10 hour long videos to listen to while going to sleep. 👍

[@kurenan4564]

@@cycoholic This might not be exactly what you're looking for but it reminding me of this: kzbin.info/www/bejne/gaaUnYqLaN-Lbtk

[@naukowywariat7123]

Maybe by their Patreon you can get full soundtrack.

[@asdu4412]

@@cycoholic It's not a channel or a playlist but check out Plux Quba by Nuno Canavarro. Mindblowingly, it's from 1988

[@cycoholic]

@@kurenan4564 Had a short listen, worth further investigating. Thank you! 👍

[@BlackWolf42-]

A friend of mine bought me a plushie-paramecium for a silly b-day gift. It's sorta cute and 'he' adorns my bedroom wall. I recommend plushie microbes.

[@alphaamoeba]

Lemme guess, giant microbes? Those are really cool, i have the Amoeba, the Copepod and the Krill

[@BlackWolf42-]

@@alphaamoeba Yep! Giant Microbes is the maker- I had to look it up. Glad I got the Paramecium, it's the cutest I think.

[@evilsharkey8954]

I got a cold from them. I need to get my best friend a C. difficile since she’s battled it a couple of times. Are they waiting to create a SARS-CoV-2 plushie?

[@sanchitagolder]

@@evilsharkey8954 no offense to everyone's life the virus has affected (aka the whole world), but yeah SARS-COV2 is really cute and pretty lol

[@lindapindabelinda3570]

That’s very cool that your sample was contaminated in such an interesting way and that it was recognized from an old photograph. Please consider putting together a compilation video of the little creatures moving around slowly with that lovely background music. Sometimes I just like to look at them.

[@alicianoriegavelasco6114]

You should head over to Patreon

[@janefkrbtt]

The paramecium at 7:00 seem to be stuck and are trying to get out. They act almost exactly like a bug in a cup or in confinement. They just scramble until they get out, i dont know if that has any significant meaning but its weird to see even the smallest organisms are still just tiny ass bugs

[@huleyn135]

'cuz they be equally dead ass stupid this post was made by big brain gang

[@carrottoponcrak]

Like a roomba bouncing around till it escapes

[@himanshusukhpal]

Love the way they say, "and if you want to view more content from us, there might be a subscribe button nearby somewhere". Haven't regretted it since the first video of Stentor I saw.

[@GordonFreechmen]

I’m still trying to find that mysterious subscribe button that they keep talking about since the first episode. They say it’s somewhere nearby but I’ve been all around my neighborhood twice already.

[@himanshusukhpal]

@@GordonFreechmen Oh well damn sir, why don't you ask a neighbourhood good boy, they might help you out.

[@cephalonsadistic9331]

Don't worry. It's actually super small but there are hundreds all over their videos. You have probably already clicked it.

[@purplealice]

Big fleas have smaller fleas, Upon their backs to bite 'em; And little fleas, still smaller fleas, And so on, ad infinitem.

[@vbgvbg1133]

It’s fleas all the way down

[@cephalonsadistic9331]

Which flea do we reside on

[@skyebluesilly]

the 43th one

[@exploremicroscopy]

Beautiful videography and stunning DIC. Very nice description of Holospora, too!

[@Gamer3172]

Omg.. That image @1:00 is just fascinating.. I love it

[@SLAUGHTEREDEYES]

That new scope is seriously off the frikken chain ! Such clarity and magnification quality, beautiful.

[@capriottimultimedia]

I like the footage of the paramecia all brushing past each other because I personify them by imagining they're all saying "excuse me" "Excuse me- oh excuse- me excuse me oh please after you excuse me,"

[@frostincubus4045]

I'm blown away by how clear and smooth the video is

[@evilsharkey8954]

That’s the new DIC microscope. It’s fantastic!

[@frostincubus4045]

@@evilsharkey8954 yeah, I've watched the video about the microscope upgrade

[@flusterzero]

This is my new favorite channel and im just some random mouthbreather. Inb4 telescope so powerful you can see legitimate micro-universes

[@deadiemeyers1661]

Does the infected paramecia actually feel a general sense of malaise? Does it spend the afternoon binge watching Netflix? Does its mother paramecia bring it some chicken soup? These questions are yet unanswered...

[@evilsharkey8954]

Nah, it eats primordial soup.

[@cathyerley3057]

Love James' new {something something} contrast microscope, we just get to see so much . . . MORE! And Hank, I get such a kick listening to you narrate this channel, your presentation style here is so different from SciShow, which I also dig to the max.

[@rnelson1415]

WOW, that new microscope or lens I'm not quite sure really makes it POP!

[@evilsharkey8954]

It’s his new DIC microscope. They did a video on it just recently. It’s pretty interesting!

[@Beryllahawk]

Aren't all of us just trying to get by, in the only world we know how to survive in... Nifty video! And the new imagery is JUST BEAUTIFUL Even the little invaders are strangely elegant and lovely. Well done!

[@Spartan1-1]

Can you make a video on how to culture microbes. Like how to get a culture started, how to maintain them.

[@min_nad]

Yessss please

[@georgesconyers9769]

In general, I used to take petri-dishes to the opera but due to the pandemic, they instead have to watch on KZbin. They develop a cultured smugness within a few days, and it is maintained fairly well by playing classical music. Serious answer: It is dependent on the microbe. If you don't care what is cultured, just put some pond mud and pond water in a jar. Specific microbes require specific things.

[@limiv5272]

That's a good idea for a video getting a culture started is incredibly easy because microbes are everywhere. Just swab your mouth or take a soil or water sample from anywhere. The conditions needed to maintain the microbes probably differ between different microbes.

[@Spartan1-1]

Limi V yeah that’s true but I want to culture certain microbes like tardigrades, stentors, or vortichella. And I don’t know what to feed some microbes to maintain a culture.

[@Spartan1-1]

George Sconyers putting pond water in a jar and sealing it is called a sealed ecosphere. I’ve done that and found lots of microbes.

[@heliosphaeresonnen_wind_ki5720]

great footage! hanks voice and the music work perfect with it.

[@daniell1483]

I think it is so cool that some paramecia can benefit from infection. Reminds me a lot of other endosymbiotic relationships, and makes me wonder how many times this has led to new organelles or other symbiotic relationships.

[@stanlibuda96]

The pictures brilliant as always and your voice a pleasure. Thank you!

[@deakenwylie3819]

What are the daisy-like organelles in the paramecia on the left side of the screen at 2:15 and again at 2:25? Any ideas, please, anyone?

[@williambell6633]

They are contractile vacuoles, organelles that paramecia use to expel excess water from the cell. The "petals" are canals that pump water into the vacuole. At 8:03 you can see the cyclic contraction of the vacuoles.

[@deakenwylie3819]

@@williambell6633 Ah. I'd seen SOMETHING contract a few times before I noticed the 'flowers', but your timestamp shows them both, so thank you very much. :)

[@flyingmonal222]

Your videos deserve atleast 10 million views! I'm going to share your channel with very biologist I know! ❤️ P.S. I recognized hank greens voice in the first 10 seconds!

[@lync254]

Kudos to James for his epic footage!

[@Treksh]

Thanks for the beautiful episode as always!

[@LEDewey_MD]

MORE awesome images from the new DIC microscope! Wonderful!

[@PowerhouseCell]

*Next video: Our coronavirus is infected*

[@lizardchosimbastedanko3077]

That would be nice 😂

[@TheGeckoNinja]

just shine UV lights at it and its dead

[@lizardchosimbastedanko3077]

@@TheGeckoNinja but then people will start seeing man stains everywhere bro who wants to see that 😂

[@justaperson9743]

😂😂😂😂🤣

[@alphariusfuze8089]

@hawkturkey yep

[@RainAngel111]

The footage is really especially beautiful this video!

[@debrawestbrook8960]

Wow. The images are SO SHARP! This is really cool and extremely bingeable. Reminds me of when I was in elementary school and all o watched was Animal Planet, Discovery Channel, and History Channel. Love it!

[@BuildingCenter]

So, what infects Holospora!?! Great video, beautiful imagery.

[@semaj_5022]

Thank you for always taking us on these journeys.

[@soulreaver8466]

LOVE THE NEW CONTRAST!!! Even though watching them turn and twist at 7:00 reminded me of Calvin from LIFE, which brought on the both the heebies and the jeebies. More please!

[@ScarsUnseen24]

I'm surprised your channel isn't part of Curiosity Stream! everyone deserves to see your content.

[@evilsharkey8954]

Curiosity Stream is a paid service. Maybe they’ll release some CS exclusives some day.

[@huleyn135]

does anybody actually care about curiosity stream?

[@evilsharkey8954]

huleyn135, my best friend watches something on it almost every week. She said there’s a really good one on the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 that’s fairly new. I actually pay for the subscription, but my TV is buggy as Hell and has a hard time with it.

[@DecomposingMoss]

2:48 reminds me of rush hour traffic. LOL. Have a fantastic day everyone! :)

[@albertoplazola906]

The best channel in KZbin. Thanks!

[@abelferquiza1627]

In no other place i saw microlife images beautiful like these

[@TCOphox]

8:45 man they look so sparkly!

[@tdtrecordsmusic]

"If only that world wasn't another organism." - As I sit here eating a peach, feet firmly placed on the Earth.

[@mho...]

well u ate a "dead" fruit there.... not like u crawled up an elephants butt & call it home!

[@patrick247two]

I have so many questions. What's happening to the Paramecium when there are small smooth bubbles near the creatures edge? They seem to inflate and deflate. The new images are spectacular. I had no idea microscope tech was so good. Thank you.

[@aishahwalker7503]

This sounds like a horror movie for paramecium. Cool episode as always! I love seeing all the different footage of these microbes, and am very excited to see more!🙂

[@KY_CPA]

02:01 I swear I thought he said the discovering scientist's name was Voldemort 😱😂

[@chesthoIe]

How do the holospora escape vacuoles if they can't move? Also, if they can't survive outside the host, how do they get eaten in the first place?

[@johnopalko5223]

Good questions. I was wondering the same thing. Explaining all the nitty-gritty details might have made for a longer, less entertaining video, though.

[@evilsharkey8954]

They probably chemically trigger a response that separates them into a separate, non-food vacuole and then ride a microtubule into their desired organelle.

[@Ratciclefan]

These videos are always an informative watch

[@andrei-cezarodoroaga7960]

Love the quality if the video

[@andreluisdossantos1375]

I don't know if people here use to address this topic but the videos soundtrack are just amazing. The images are great, the texts are very compelling but the song make it all more magical. The musics are made specific for each video, rigtht? Congratulations Andrew Huang!

[@mnflyguy]

Great video images and story. I love this channel. One correction - Paramecium does ingest food by phagocytosis.

[@ronkirk5099]

This is an absolutely fascinating look at the micro world.

[@ravelojedagarcia3347]

Beautiful work!

[@otfhercules]

Hey i know this is an informative channel and may have younger viewers but can you show the microscopy of what’s on a cannabis plant 💯💯🙏🏾 i would love this!! Does anyone else agree? 🤔🤔

[@samuelgoodwin2960]

Wouldnt this suggest a theory on how multicellular life evolved? The common theory has been one cell tried to eat another and the other cell stayed inside and reflected ATP that so the main cell wouldn't destroy and consume it. But seeing this makes me think that perhaps the first mitochondria were originally a parasite that got passed onto daughter cells. Then over millions of years the parisite then evolved to be dependent on the main cell when providing ATP. Does this idea make sense to anyone else? xx

[@Oscar4u69]

yes, it's an interesting consideration. this might play a bigger time than it's thought

[@ChadDidNothingWrong]

Makes alotta sense actually.

[@TheRealFlenuan]

Ignoring the whole debate on the origins of viruses, the behavior of Holospora in how it kinda hijacks the cellular machinery and enters the nucleus seems to me like the kind of life cycle that could eventually develop into virogenesis over a large evolutionary timescale. Or, at least it might if it relied on horizontal transmission. The fact that it also is vertically transmitted looks like the potential beginning of endosymbiosis! Very interesting stuff

[@josifallen6429]

Hi, what are the smaller organisms that are swimming with the paramecium? For instance at 3:03. Help would be greatly appreciated.

[@NightRunner417]

These little videos are great, really reawakening my interest in microbiology. AND THAT SCOPE, aaaaagh... I really need a DIC scope. If I can manage it one way or another, I'll go for it.

[@audioaficionado9494]

My favorite science toy was a decent microscope I had as a kid. Thinking of buying a microscope now that we have LED lighting that's brighter and cooler with better optics and video capture options that are affordable.

[@jakobervorhood]

The new microscope really makes a difference in detail. I was mesmerized to the point of an almost meditative state.

[@lornaginetteharrison7168]

2:50 Off topic: Whilst watching these gorgeous images of Paramecium industriously zooming about with seeming great urgency & importance, I’m trying _desperately_ to pay attention to the fascinating commentary, but fighting to block out & stifle an almost overwhelming urge to imagine said Paramecium gleefully going "Wheeeeeeee" to accompany their frenetic movements as they busily dart across the screen!

[@cluta]

Beautiful. Thank you so much.

[@GZxuanChannel-nx9vi]

AMAZING Video!!!

[@xcandiottix]

Finally .. a youtube video about the floatie things I see whenever I stare at a white wall when I'm feeling lazy in bed.

[@ryanfrick2190]

Some of the footage is so good it looks fake. This microscope is amazing!

[@lync254]

That one downvote is a stentor not being mentioned

[@Gplaysmc]

Currently studying about Protists including Paramecium so this is a very nice studybreak

[@peterpiper6]

PANTOFELEK! Stary druchu! (It's in polish, Paramecium is the first microorganism which children learn about in 4th grade in Poland :) Chers!)

[@merbst]

get well soon little guys!

[@MathDM329]

4:04 Could it be that they don't choose their target, rather selecting whichever they happen upon first?🤔

[@AnomalyINC]

In Sweden, we call Paramecia "Toffeldjur". "Slipper-Animals". Because they look like tiny little slippers, I suppose. Furthermore, you have a very calming and pleasant voice. Like Bob Ross with a microscope.

[@huleyn135]

many countries do the exact same thing

[@AnomalyINC]

@@huleyn135 Neat! I wonder who started it? My money's on Greece. They love naming things after other things.

[@Hallands.]

This is one of only two channels where I’m fighting the bad habit of clicking like *_before_* watching! 😂

[@rotifer]

*I had a Lacrymaria buddy who dated a Paramecia once. Very curvy, fun to swim around with. Little did he know however was that she had a nasty case of Holosporales. Needless to say, it was the last time they spoke after he eventually found his cellular membrane itching all over from spending the night with her.*

[@reina2033]

Your work commenting on these videos is so unappreciated

[@mattiaswidegren2242]

07:51 Very sleepy Paramecium trying to stay awake after a long day of wriggling about doing Paramecium stuff

[@Wtfinc]

Congrats on the sponsor! How fast are the clips being played back?

[@sweetsue4204]

Oooo...... what a delicious treat this channel is. 😁💕

[@AaronDebski]

I hate embedded adverts in the video made by the makers. But this kiwiko is awesome. I wish I had a kid.

[@1mcob]

So instructive and interesting. I can't fathom all the intricacies of mirco / life! Keep up the good work!

[@edenbean6484]

I noticed that at ca 7.30 there is some movement within the otherwise still paramecium. I don't know much about microbiology (yet!!) so can anyone tell me what it was? Also I just recently found the channel and love it, thank you!

[@Shahriar-on3sx]

Anyone any ideas which equipment is being used to get such marvelous and clean images?

[@joec8750]

12 mins 1.4k views and 156 likes... perfect example of how everything hank touches turns to gold. Hanks a youtube pimp with the midas touch!

[@ghostl337]

Can you guys do a video on what happens to bacteria under UVC light?

[@JasonP6339]

What are the bubbles that keep forming and disappearing inside the paramecium? The ones I noticed seemed to each have 2 of them.

[@bilatkabayo1972]

That called contractile vacule

[@kielkaiser]

ok, who the hell is watching this in the middle of an world pandemia????..... damn, its soo interesting and hypnotic.... its really amazing......

[@StevenNess]

You have a really nice voice ❤️

[@thequietpart_]

This video highlights what I’ve been hoping this channel could become

[@aaronnekrin5150]

New microscope is the bees knees

[@DaveHefty]

This microscope is crazy. Around 2:23 was the first time microorganisms seemed more like animals to me instead of a mindless moving cells.

[@hamzy1989]

Who else got a shiver through them at 1:49.

[@michaeljoefox]

Kiwi Co. For when the money KZbin gives you isn’t enough, and the money people give you on patreon isn’t enough.

[@b.griffin317]

6:18 What are these things that look like they have eyes on the top the screen?

[@Moadeeb_]

Amazing pictures ! Those little microbes look like they moving so fast. 👀

[@zeroxox777]

Hello - u may never read this but could I ask what kind of microscope you are using there? I am almost afraid to ask as I have been looking at microscopes but I have to suspect your type would be many times more expensive then the ones I have been looking at. I know nothing about microscopes besides how to use the ones from school when I was a kid doing my A-levels. The images here are just incredible & I imagine I would consider paying a small fortune for the kind of microscope that produced them, so long as there isn't too many zeros in the price tag.

[@nikkoval8490]

Do you think it’s possible for these two organisms (algae and paramecium) to evolve together like mitochondria and the first cell?

[@eur-doll2560]

Traducelos por favor, seria genial verlos en español, no solo ganarías más audiencia, si no también más interés, buen video.

[@topherj.kutsumann5420]

You are the Carl Sagan of the Micro-Cosmos. Thank you 🙏