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optional achievement system.[4] Gameplay is in the first-person perspective by default, but players have the option of a third-person perspective.[5] The game world is composed of rough 3D objects-mainly cubes, referred to as blocks-representing various materials, such as dirt, stone, ores, tree trunks, water, and lava. The core gameplay revolves around picking up and placing these objects. These blocks are arranged in a 3D grid, while players can move freely around the world. Players can break, or mine, blocks and then place them elsewhere, enabling them to build things.[6] The game also contains a material called redstone, which can be used to make primitive mechanical devices, electrical circuits, and logic gates, allowing for the construction of many complex systems.[7][8] Many commentators have described the game's physics system as unrealistic.[9]
The default player skin, Steve, stands on a cliffside overlooking a village in a forest. In the distance, there is a small mountain range. The sun is setting to the right, making the sky turn pink and blue.
An example of Minecraft's procedurally generated terrain, including a village and the default skin Steve
Players can also craft a wide variety of items, such as armor, which mitigates damage from attacks; weapons (such as swords or axes), which allows monsters and animals to be killed more easily; and tools (such as pickaxes or shovels), which break certain types of blocks more quickly. Some items have multiple tiers depending on the material used to craft them, with higher-tier items being more effective and durable. They may also freely construct helpful blocks-such as furnaces which can cook food and smelt ores,[10] and torches that produce light-or exchange items with a villager (NPC) through trading emeralds for different goods and vice versa.[11][12] The game has an inventory system, allowing players to carry a limited number of items.[13]
The game world is virtually infinite and procedurally generated as players explore it, using a map seed that is obtained from the system clock at the time of world creation (or manually specified by the player).[14][15][16] While there are limits on the world's verticality, Minecraft allows an infinitely large game world to be generated on the horizontal plane, up to 30 million blocks from the world's center.[17] The game achieves this by splitting the world data into smaller 16 by 16 sections called chunks that are created or loaded only when players are nearby.[14] The world is divided into biomes ranging from deserts to jungles to snowfields;[18][19] the terrain includes plains, mountains, forests, caves, and bodies of water or lava.[16] The in-game time system follows a day and night cycle, with one full cycle lasting for 20 real-time minutes.[20]