5.Babylonian numbers 1-9

[@vinkosusac1130]

After this I started to like our current number symbols :)

[@PrestonsDogFood]

See Chinese, we have 1234 as 一二三四. Funny to think that we humans may have been programmed a fixed limit of RAM, we can only process three lines without counting LOL～

[@ollie-d]

Nice observation. I'd recommend reading some of Rafael Nunez's (UCSD) research, specifically into numerosity if you're interested in stuff like that.

[@PrestonsDogFood]

Thanks! I'll Search for it

[@alphalunamare]

Actually Humans can recognise 5 at the most not 3 but then it has been a long time.

[@JanoTuotanto]

I, II, III, IV, V

[@رزانسنفورة]

This is Iraqi not Chinese 👍

[@chayasusannegolan797]

Thank you for this interesting lecture! How would Babylonians distinguish between 2, 61, and 120?

[@simontillson482]

Chaya Susanne Golan - i wondered about that too. Maybe they have an empty placeholder? Controversially, that could also be thought of as zero? Apparently indian or arabic peoples first came up with zero as a real concept, but surely, these simple, practical issues make it likely the basic idea of using zero probably came way before we used it in mathematics? Even if it was only represented by a bit of a gap or blank space in script, it seems to need to exist in any positional number system.

[@matexmatematica]

I believe 61 would be easy to see, having a space between the sign for 60 and the sign for 1. But what would be the difference between 1 or 60? 2 ir 120? A dot ir another sign tô separate those values would be enough. Did they use It? What sign?

[@PeterMydlo]

they distinguished it through the text it was written in. so 2 and 61 were only the two dashes, but from text you could tell if it was 2 or 61. only later they left some space in the number, and yet later they had a diagonal sign i think.

[@PoleToPoleTravel]

@@PeterMydlo Came to say the same haha. It's interesting how spacing wasn't thought of (or at least used by scribes) earlier.

[@hiwhowhatareyoudoinghereme1974]

𒌋𒌋𒌋𒌋𒌋𒌋… the cuneiform keyboard doesn’t have all the numbers, or I would write it out

[@Ellipsis115]

Note to self: I think learning just the number systems 1-101 for a bunch of languages would be a really cool party trick so I could always say I know a little bit of each language and just write 3 or 4 different numbers or ask the person to pick a number 1-100 or as I'd learnt 101 I could probably go a bit beyond. Additionally, knowing how the characters work for a given language is important, like with cuneiform [pronounced cune-iform apparently?] I know that 1 character is made up of multiple lines and it seems that they are slightly more complex sounds more like syllables like "ra" instead of "r" just from looking up the numbers and I understand the basic different methods of writing it etc. Whereas when I look at a Chinese character I don't understand if it's a word unto itself or if its just a sound or if its a syllable or such. 2:57 So it's literally just rotated 45 degrees and the reed is more evenly pushed into the clay?

[@garethpincott8820]

I follow how the positional system explained here allows you to write 59 or 61 without the need for a 0, but how do you distinguish a 60 from a 1 without a modifier? Does it follow the form of 50 as shown and then change?

[@Cypeq]

That is the only way that makes sense just six diagonal wedges

[@NullCyan]

that's a very very clever number system, considering you were writing this on clay, it could be used easily as tally marks

[@Duchess_Van_Hoof]

Huh, simple, straightforward and pedagogical. Not to mention interesting. So in practice you only need to learn the symbols for 1 and 10, and the rest follows naturally?

[@the-birbo]

why wouldn't you modify the font so that it's written with the same amount of strokes as when it's written with a stylus in clay? I cant understand needing to know that deepest part of the make, but that's pretty much like how Hanzi has the little mark at the beginning of the stroke because of the brush, so when using a pen we just simulate the stroke with a little pull to the side rather than makin an fat outline where that mark would be if we were using a brush, yknow?

[@keevancrawford6708]

Brilliant. Those are fractals of units using the 3-6-9 Tesla referenced. The

[@peaceswapnil]

Thank you so much for teaching this.

[@cafearga]

I forgot how unnerving chalkboards were.

[@NullCyan]

maybe I'm weird because I like how it sounds

[@42moxies]

This is so quick and accurate. Nicely done.

[@Pamela-zo9sl]

Very clear and well explained, thanks.

[@richardbello5732]

Do you have a video on the writing words in the Sumarian language written and verbal

[@muayadalqaisi5656]

What do you want to know, I can help you

[@spiritualisautembellator8399]

The system, as presented here, is very ambiguous since there are different interpretations for each representation. There must be some sort of sign or separating space for positions in the base 60 positional system, as in any positional number system, as in the usual decimal or binary systems. If this aspect is not clarified, the system is useless because it is not well defined.

[@Dj2xP]

"useless" haha, Babylonians were among the best astronomers in history thanks to their base 60 system. Numberphile has a video explaining the 'missing 0' I think though.

[@trackerbuckmann1627]

@@Dj2xP That's not what he's saying.

[@Dj2xP]

@@trackerbuckmann1627 ok

[@anak5880]

@@Dj2xP I think that they're saying that here the positional system used by the Babylonians isn't explained as clearly. Because we know that if you wanted to mean "60" instead of "1", there had to be some space; to identify the different positions (which defined if that was a "1" or a "60"). In another comment you answered, you even mention the lines used to identify those columns; which is also a very important thing to remember about this system (and that wasn't mentioned). He probably meant that in this video that, and other facts were vaguely explained.

[@amrakless]

I have nit understood however how do you make a simple 60 or a 61...up to 69?

[@klaasbil8459]

Good question. For that you need a zero symbol, but I don't know if they had that.

[@johnnyjoestar850]

WE MAKING IT OUT OF MESOPOTAMIA WITH THIS ONE

[@stevenv6463]

Did they usually write left to right?

[@SlapShotRegatta22]

What happens if you're trying to express the number 1 vs the number 60? Wouldn't they get confused?

[@SonnyJim173]

Watching the 4th kind has sent me down a rabbit hole of ancient languages and writing at 3am I need to go to sleep smh

[@شمسبغداد-م7ح]

Thank you, I'm from Iraq.

[@umi214]

nice. that's our history

[@CATinBOOTS81]

It is fascinating for me that the name "Iraq" is an arabization of the name "Uruk", which was one of the main city in Sumer.

[@rick43pen]

So how was the difference shown between 1 and 60? Size?

[@SephNite]

If you watch to the end of the video you'll see that it's a positional system, meaning that where each wedge is placed determines which type of unit it represents. A single-wedge to the left of a ten-wedge means it represents a unit of 60, while a single-unit to the right of a ten-wedge means it represents a unit of 1.

[@gketchup777]

@@SephNite A single unit left to the 10-wedge would mean 70 (|

[@slehar]

Is this related to the Babylonian way of counting on their fingers? Using your right thumb as a pointer, count the three segments of your pinkie 1,2,3, then the three segments on your third finger, 4,5,6, then the three segments of your right middle finger, 7,8,9, three rows of three segments, just as in the cuneiform.

[@RA36912]

At the end you was writing 260 units. So your saying four 60's has its own number unit and then you added 2 tens to make it 260 ?

[@lexierowe2340]

I don’t understand how that first symbol in “261” comes to 240, could you explain further please?

[@OwenSmithOgg]

the mark represents 4 and it's in the 60 column so 4*60=240

[@paligbardizbanian4474]

I didn't understand the end part where you were saying 260 and so on.

[@Bushehri1]

An amazing video ty so much professor ❤️

[@AstekOst]

How do you write 120 then for example? Do you just write 2 or what? If you get my question

[@mohammedfaidhy1142]

yes !!... and 61 !!

[@ChameeraDedduwage]

120 would be written as 2-10, and 61 would be written as 1-10-1.

[@kabivose]

@@ChameeraDedduwage where did those "10"s come from? 2-10 would be 2×60 +10 = 130 and 1-10-1 would be 1×60 + 10 + 1 = 71 There was an ambiguity. 3 could mean 3, 180,.1080 etc 61 would use space to indicate no tens. 1 1 Not a perfect system and it led to mistakes. It would be easy to tweak the system by having a zero, or a vertical line between "digits", and maybe a sexagesimal point. I don't know why they didn't do either. They could generate huge pythagorean triples but not divide by 7. A lot about their mathematics is very alien.

[@geffhome]

Or have actual digits for each digit…

[@Krishna13847]

on google i found base only till 36 and no other website is answering. where to find base more than 36?

[@CATinBOOTS81]

Babylonians used base 60.

[@WojciechDomalewski]

What does she mean by "Babylonian"?

[@elmerfudd5650]

I Love this stuff! Thank you!

[@zainio]

Can some explain to me why they switch symbols after 9? Why did they consider that as being the limit for repeating the flags? I would assume it has to do with how we got to the decimal system because of 10 digits on our hands but idk why they've done the same if they're in base 60. Thanks.

[@garrysekelli6776]

They switched cause your a moron. Also they wrote all this by chizeling into clay. The clay chips only in certain ways along it's crystaline allignment axes. PS you're a dumbass for asking this.

[@ericmueller6836]

Garry Sekelli The clay was soft when they made IMPRESSIONS in it. The numer system is sub-base 10. This not only saves space on these small tables, but also... you have 10 fingers and its a natural counting unit. But... They could make the 60s unit deeper, or taller to emphasize its value. Also, please learn some basic arts-and-crafts before attempting KZbin comments. Being a giant douche helps no one.

[@CATinBOOTS81]

That's because if you just put a bunch of vertical lines together, it gets confusing really quick. As you pointed out, it is a base 60 system, but with a hint of decimal system inside.

[@anj265]

Im just confusing, how do we differentiate 2 (2 vertical marks) and 120 ( 2 times of 60 as well 2 vertical marks)

[@melanieturquoise1111]

Hiya! Hope you're well! I ran your comment a few times over in my head. I'm now learning this and I just done this on paper, I got this. 1 vertical mark, 5 tens and 1 ten = 120. Tell me if you understood that.

[@Gio-mi3hd]

are there any reason why cuneiform have horizontally or vertically line with triangle? or it is just the way it look

[@CATinBOOTS81]

It depends on how they were written: a reed to write on a clay tablet. Depending on how you incline your reed, you have a different kind of mark left on the tablet.

[@maxcarter3413]

The scribes had a lot of time on their hands.

[@nnsllvn2]

isn't it read right to left ?

[@YawnGod]

@yaoifanXXkaya The 60 looks like a 1 just like the 1 in 100 looks like a 1. 100 is really 1 hundreds, 0 tens, 0 ones: 100. It's nearly the same in Babylonian, except instead of base 10, it's base 60 with a base 10 within it. The 1h 24 minutes example is more easily understood as 84 minutes. So you have 1 sixty, 2 tens, 4 ones: 84. The 1 in front of two 10s is 60, just like 1 hour = 60 minutes. 1h 24m means 60m + 24m. This is all pretty simple stuff when it comes down to it.

[@bushchat28d]

Not really. When I see 100 I know its 100 - how do I know their base 60 symbol for 60 isn't actually a 1 or that their 61 isn't actually 2?

[@anfelsarabouachat8338]

What if it was 60 ? Do we write the symbole of one or write 6 times symbole of ten?

[@Dj2xP]

@@bushchat28d That's because in their day they wrote on little clay stones that fit in their hand and they would not start 1 in the middle of the stone. Considering this I believe it would be easy to identify if it was 1 or 60. Also when looking at photos, a lot of times they draw column lines which also helps indicate the positional value of the horizontal mark.

[@switzerlandful]

INteresting. I've been very curious about the origins of math, systems of measurements and other things. But I have a Q. She just said... 60, just like we count minutes and seconds... and degrees of angles? But I thought degrees of angles divided within 360. Why would she say 60?

[@WolfgangBernady]

A full circle is divided into 6*60=360 degrees (there is 60 in there also, but that's beside the point). Every one of those degrees is divided further into 60 minutes, (similar to the time of one hour). Every one of those minutes is divided into 60 seconds (again similar to the time of 1 minute is 60 seconds). Check out the location of places on the globe (if you believe in such a thing) E.g. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London in the top right, written in very small letters I see this: Coordinates: 51°30′26″N 0°7′39″W that means 51degrees, 30 minutes, 26 seconds North, and zero degrees, 7 minutes and 39 seconds West. ( Applies to a spherical-globe view of the world ). I am not suggesting at all that you would hold a belief contrary to this, I just could not resist for the sake of humour.

[@switzerlandful]

Oh ok. Ya. So either they knew or suspected that the earth was spherical or maybe they inherited this system from a culture or civilization that knew it. I'm reading "Uriel's Machine" by Christopher Knight. He talks about the 360 system and about evidence that suggests even more ancient cultures already knew the polar and equatorial circumferences of earth. To a fairly hi degree of accuracy.

[@switzerlandful]

Also interesting is how when you take 360 and double it, you get 720. 72 is supposedly the number of years it takes a star to move 1 degree in the sky. Double that and you get 144. 144,000 is the number of days in a Maya baktun one of the diff calendars. These number always add up to 9 aswell. Any number like 72, 36 or 144 whose digits add up to 9 are therefore divisible by 9 or 3. (also i think the Maya used another calendar that was 270 days... about the time of human gestation?)

[@WolfgangBernady]

I just found this: you might be interested in the middle part starting at about 7:50 kzbin.info/www/bejne/qKXQYX6NZ9J6r8k

[@switzerlandful]

I was just noticing that quite a few numbers divide into 360 evenly. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 24, 30, 36, 40, 45, 60, 72, 90, 120, 180

[@hakhaimo]

Hmmm interesting. How can I write 1,000,000 with that?

[@abhishekmhatre1554]

I think I have gained more appreciation for the Hindu-Arabic system after watching this video.

[@ReactanceIsFutile]

Unfortunately, throwing the whole Historical Society in an Uproar--- 60 can be written by taking the single '6' digit and rotating it's Sumerian cuneiform symbol clockwise 45-degrees...

[@rubeegeorgealset6412]

how about larger numbers ????

[@منوعاتالجنون-ظ9د]

Iraq from the heart to the heart💜💜💜💜💜💜💕💕💕💕

[@hobbeeguy6811]

Something was cut out at 4:08, it would be better if we got to follow along instead of figuring out the answer at the end and go back....

[@kevincronin6393]

could you pronounce the numbers please

[@rchuso]

psd.museum.upenn.edu/nepsd-frame.html - also shows the pronunciation.

[@nqinadlamini]

Thank you

[@klaasbil8459]

Do we count degrees of angle in base 60? Don't think so. An angle of 60 degrees is somewhat of a special case, but IMHO not the base.

[@Dj2xP]

60° * 6 = 360° which is a circle, well look at that. Any more than that and it's back to 1°

[@aladdinbenokba6127]

Babylonian was in Iraq , Arab people have created the first civilization on the face of the Earth 🌍. They invited our nowadays numbers as well , in addition to the Alphabet system was invited by Arabic civilizations .

[@CATinBOOTS81]

First Civilization was Sumerian, and they were not "Arabs"; also Babylonians were not "Arabs". "Arabs" were a separated ethnic group, and lived in the area south of Mesopotamia. Sumerians, Babylonians and Assyrians regularly have commerce with them. You're confused because Mesopotamia corresponds to modern day Iraq. Also, the first Alphabet was invented in Egypt ("Egyptian uniliteral signs"), and later developed in the Phoenician Alphabet. Phoenician also were not "Arabic Civilizations". The term that you should probably use, it is "Semitic People", which include Akkadians (Babylonians and Assyrians), Phoenician, Jews, and Arabs. But, for example Sumerians and Egyptians are not Semitic, and the first invented writing, and the second the first "proto-alphabet".

[@ThatisnotHair]

This is most inefficient of all numeral. The amount of time, energy and muscle pain takes is unreal. Makes sense they aren't used to large numbers

[@wugglenup44]

Is there a symbol to make larger numbers like in the thousands

[@hugo_vega_1]

This is cool thank you 🙏🏽

[@Mustafa-zf9jo]

اني العربي الوحيد هنى

[@ashur3504]

I'm Assyrian native Aramiac speaker yet we still don't have a way to write numbers 😅 we still use letters or we will use English numbers for writing

[@عبداللهعلاءحسينمطلك]

هذه الأرقام ليست اشورية بل هذه ارقام حضارة بابل

[@ashur3504]

@@عبداللهعلاءحسينمطلك شنو هو الفرق بين الاشوري والبابلي اسم الشعب هو اشوري بابل المدينه وليس قوم اخر عيني انت قومي تك بغداديه واحد ثاني من بصره قوميته بصراويه؟ 💀 اني كاتب لحد الان ما عندنا طريقه للكتب الارقام مثل عربي أو فارسي أو انگليزي نستعمل احرف باللغه الاشوريه لحد الان

[@sueharker589]

So how is an even 60 represented, I wonder.

[@user-hh2is9kg9j]

2:58 probably using 6 tens on top of each other like the 50 and 40. I am guessing though.

[@justthatcracked136]

Watching in 2024 😎

[@Kotikjeff]

261? Base 60. Not counting in hundreds. Sounds incorrect to me. 4 sixties. 2 tens and a one. Explain please.

[@tcdrx]

4x60= 240 2x10= 20 1x1=1 240 + 20 +1 = 261

[@geffhome]

Sure. The issue is that is 3 digits. In base 60, it (should) only take 2 digits. One for the 240 part and one for the 21 part. Doesn’t seem like the Babylon number system is base 60 positional. (Even if it is base 60)

[@switzerlandful]

I guess 60 goes 6 times into 360.

[@ThatisnotHair]

How are they going to distinguish multiples of 60?😂

[@thelight5351]

I'm Babylonian

[@5_70r]

It is the language of the Iraqi ancestors

[@MahendraJagatkarx88]

assassin's creed 2 brought me here

[@כורשמשרתו]

אני גאה בך

[@TheEyez187]

How is it spoken though!?

[@ameenmendelawy8586]

Our great iraqi civilization 🙂❤

[@Cypeq]

Weird how base 10 is this Babylonian base 60

[@abelglennandes909]

i love MATH

[@genevievetauro6531]

Cute learning experience indeed!

[@bluegame7385]

How to pronounce?

[@danlupsa]

How about zero?

[@spookink6553]

I think it will be just an small horizontal line on the top and one long vertical line

[@Dj2xP]

2 diagonal dashes

[@dodososo164]

يجنن صوتها

[@沙政豪-l9s]

It was knocked out!!!!!!!!! Awesome!!!!! We don't have to learn this notation

[@truesun]

interesting system

[@erdincmaster]

thanks.

[@ilarilindholm]

Interesting . 😼😼😼😼😼 .

[@sulaimanalakwaa2532]

عراقنا

[@minamalek5422]

Sulaiman Al Akawa, Yo meant to say ASSYRIAN. All this knowledge come from Assyrian empire. Not Arabs, or certainly Kurds.

[@sulaimanalakwaa2532]

عليك أن تعرفي انا السومرين و الاشورين والبابلين هم كلدان وان كنعان هم سكان بلاد الشام لبنان و سوريا وفلسطين من اعظم الشعوب في الملاحة وقد قدم الشعبين من جنوب جزيرة العرب حسب المؤرخ الإغريقي هيرودوتس والبحار اليوناني سيكلاس الذي عمل بحار في جيش القائد داريوس الأول

[@XXRolando2008]

You have to know that I am the Sumerians, the Assyrians, and the Babylonians. Canaanites are the inhabitants of the Levant, Lebanon, Syria and Palestine are among the greatest peoples in navigation. The two peoples were introduced from the south of the Arabian Peninsula, According to the Greek historian Herodotus. And the Greek sailor Seklas, who served as sailor in the army of Commander Darius I. thanks google translate.

[@Kookayo3435]

@@sulaimanalakwaa2532 كلمتني وكنعنان ظهروا وره سومر مو قبل سومر ف شلون ذا اصلهم ؟

[@عليهادي-ه8ي]

عراقي

[@samoxigen2667]

How about 201 or 2001

[@rosolinolosciuto3865]

I numeri sono universali per tutti uguali, a che serve la filosofia dopo trenta secoli di Ateofobia

[@fernandorobertodemoura674]

Muy obligado

[@AliHassAn-sz3it]

ترجمه اكو إلى العربي

[@mosakarem2012]

I'm Arabic teacher

[@mosakarem2012]

***** contact me

[@XXRolando2008]

This is not Arabic.......... :facepalm:

[@moahmmedtalal5284]

@@XXRolando2008 لكن البابليون عرب...... صفعة اقوى

[@zesawyer1449]

@@moahmmedtalal5284 No.

[@plinyelder8156]

Babylon 5

[@smiedranokatirova5987]

Iraqi proud

[@user-hh2is9kg9j]

I see the birth of the decimal system here. How come they say it was developed in India? it has internal decimal and they use positional notation system like our Arabic numbers.

[@flioink]

That system works with small numbers only, but then again, there wasn't much of anything 4000 years ago.

[@user-ny6oo9jp7f]

It's also

[@bulldawg4498]

I always wondered how the Babylonian base-60 number system worked ... Mystery solved ...

[@evil4896]

im babylonian :)

[@rosolinolosciuto3865]

Dualismo matematico

[@عبداللهعلاءحسينمطلك]

التاريخ بلاد الرافدين

[@federicoguillermodellelicn7360]

si les interesa sumero les mando el link kzbin.info/www/bejne/nKHTaWehjK-Emtk

[@cruisecontrol4922]

Arabic Numerals all day every day.

[@honoriuc]

The speed of light 299,792,458 m/s in the base 60 is just N7tew.

[@reem11739]

منو عاايش

[@federicoguillermodellelicn7360]

silim gen--na

[@josephpaulfreije9109]

I am a Phrygian. You can't tell me what I am. You only tell yourself you can.

[@altrey520]

So with as advanced as they were they too forgot about zero...

[@deffet]

bruh, cuneiform is bad writing in the 21st century, because it has to be written with wedges, not with chalk

[@Gerona_Family]

𒆜

[@shahidjamal7111]

Thank God , Arabs invented the numerals !

[@updown9697]

The Arabs didn't even invented the numerals plus Babylonians are not arab

[@iliayttuzine3482]

@@updown9697 but they look like arabs and their language has many similarities with arabic

[@updown9697]

@@iliayttuzine3482 but they're still not arab

[@iliayttuzine3482]

@@updown9697 i feel that you hate arabs, is that true ?

[@updown9697]

@@iliayttuzine3482 nope, I'm just saying trying to say the truth that Babylonians were not arab because the Babylonians today are modern day Iraqi and Iraqis are not arab by blood it's only by culture so it's mean they're arabinized not arab by blood so Babylonians were not arab since that time Arabs from gulf never conquer modern day Iraq in that time

[@bass_2]

Mam what is 100