AQA A-Level Chemistry - Halogenoalkane synthesis (free radical substitution)

[@smallcatbigmeow]

holy cow I spent days trying to understand this using every resource I could find and still didn't understand it but came across your video and I NOW UNDERSTAND IT THANK YOU!!!!!

[@MrERintoul]

+me ooow I'm very glad! Well done :)

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[@abubardewa939]

120 likes without a single dislike ! Sir u do realize now how useful your videos are ...

[@MrERintoul]

Abu Bardewa Yeah, that's alright I suppose. I HOPE that they are useful...

[@abubardewa939]

Sir can u please do one video for Experimental procedure for measuring the rate of reaction which involves a gas being evolved . If u r busy then it's fine.

[@MrERintoul]

Abu Bardewa I can't do it for tomorrow, I'm afraid! In a situation like that, you would want to use a gas syringe, and measure gas at intervals. From that you could work out a rate of reaction.

[@abubardewa939]

Ok sir I will read about it. Thanks for ur all the support and videos . Really appreciate it !

[@mohammednaqvi5047]

Thanks for this got my A in AS because of you :) Now need to just go over this stuff quickly again to recap for another year... sigh

[@abdullahsaim5593]

What'd u got? I have my As Chem in 2 days and I am here doing organic from these vids 💀

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how did it go?@@abdullahsaim5593

[@nghost209]

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i’d have given up on chemistry a level if it wasn’t for ur channel. can’t thank you enough.

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You're a legend. I convert what you say into hand written notes and they help so much.

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You are such a legend. Thanks for all the help!

[@graziejohnson]

You are just God sent. Thank you so much. May God bless you. You actually make chemistry interesting and fun, without you I would have probably failed.

[@mellisah3320]

Ive read my notes, textbooks, i didn't understand them until i watch this! wow thank you so much!

[@MrERintoul]

Mellisa H That's excellent!

[@zi-tong9302]

Best videos I've seen for the spec, even in 7 years of age

[@jonniegibson7304]

This is by far the best explanation I could find :) - thank you

[@zeenazeena2428]

IVE BEEN TRYING TO UNDERSTAND THIS FOR MONTHS THANK YOU SO MUCH ELLIOT!

[@mxhsvn_b7866]

This channel is the best thing that ever happened to me and that's on PERIODT.

[@Lazyleaf0001]

You're the only reason I'll pass Chemistry! THANK YOU!!!!!

[@MrERintoul]

+Nawel Seksaf You're too kind - hard work = success. Not a video. But thank you for the kinds words :)

[@harrietokeefe9658]

Honestly same

[@OnyxPandas]

Omg Thank god i found your channel, now i may have a chance at passing my A levels..

[@MrERintoul]

Panda You're too kind! Let me know if I can help in any way!

[@MuhammadAli-mu8pk]

So did you pass your Alevels ? i have my exam tomorrow lol.

[@NEUROSHOCK123Channel]

@@MuhammadAli-mu8pk So how did that exam go? lol

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@@MuhammadAli-mu8pk woah that's crazy, time flew by fast. what do you do in uni?

[@ajimjim3089]

so helpful!!! queen of chemistry honestly

[@onebanghamuud5710]

The 5 people who disliked this were depressed teachers from harrow college and kingsbury high.

[@EmaMeb1]

Thank you You're a legend, your videos are so clear and precise ,,,

[@MrERintoul]

***** I'm glad to have helped!

[@Gohanson888]

It's worth to know that fluorine reacts distinctively with alkanes: CH4 + 2F2 = C + 4HF, while iodine doesn't react at all. But, it's some kind of rule that chlorine and bromine shows similar properties, when fluorine and iodine differs significantly from these two halogens.

[@joelmhn3988]

I swear its fluorine that doesn't react.

[@eri4232]

Cant believe someone finally explained it right, thank you!

[@aleenalailla04]

couldn't have taught it better - thank you!

[@dothework2989]

You're an awesome teacher. I hope you dont mind me asking, but what Uni did u go to?

[@maramsenan4200]

plz answer this

[@8lec_R]

Going to a good uni doesn't make you a good teacher.

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he went to sheffield

[@ruraldrumrolllad8319]

@@Rachel_Tensions Wow thats cool i live in sheffield

[@IAMUNDEREIGHTEENYO]

Very easy to understand!

[@MrERintoul]

+KIRYU Excellent :)

[@rehnumachowdhury3629]

You are such a good teacher

[@zuhairzafar1649]

THANKS dude i was really struggling in this topic from last few days and believe me now it's crystal clear all credits goes to you Lots Of Love : )

[@ess8057]

I've been so scared of this topic up until now, it's literally been giving me nightmares since my teacher taught it us and all of a sudden i understand and i don't quite know how to react

[@harrietokeefe9658]

Thank you so much this actually makes complete sense now as before i had no idea what was going on 🙌🙌

[@jordanbingham767]

Great video, really struggled with this until your videos thankyou

[@AFATCOWIE]

Really appreciate all your videos!!

[@MrERintoul]

AFATCOWIE Good to hear!

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You're a real one can't lie

[@prem1998rocks]

thanks bro!! great video worth watching!!

[@MrERintoul]

+Prem Patil Thanks :)

[@iamamyholden]

This makes so much sense now, thanks!

[@MrERintoul]

Glad to have helped!

[@Ollie28]

love you man. thanks so much. this really helped

[@akashram3751]

FINALLY UNDERSTOOD THIS UR AMAZING !!!

[@susiegee8505]

My textbook says CFCs don't have hydrogen in...? GREAT VIDEO THANKS SO MUCH!

[@_-_-__-_-_5428]

*delightful, absolutely delightful. I finally understand this bs :)* Edit: Btw i wrote that b4 watching the vid - that’s how certain i was, and your’s truly wasn’t disappointed in the slightest 😇 😊 😂

[@alaaahmedali4785]

this is a really well explained video it helped me very much thank you

[@matinhussain3131]

thx ur vids are clear and ez to understand

[@iNehal23]

Please do an isomerism video. Not just for the EZ isomerism.

[@MrRegenthex]

Thank you! Will you cover more of the topics?

[@borojenxx4193]

Thanks, I think I finally have the Free radical Substitution mechanism in my head now. Just a question, you said that the dot (for free radical) had to be next to the carbon, on my course guide, the Dot is on the right next to the H atom like this CH3', is that wrong? (i couldn't find a dot in the middle so i had to use an apostrophe)

[@MrERintoul]

Boro Jen xX Sorry I'm late to the party on this, it was put into spam! The dot certainly should be next to the carbon as it is from the covalent bond that was there!

[@borojenxx4193]

E Rintoul Oh it's okay x. And gotcha, so next to the carbon as that's where the C-H bond on the alkane splits equally.

[@MrERintoul]

Boro Jen xX Yep!

[@a.Bader97]

Sir, at 15:03, why is the single unpaired electron attached to the oxygen and not the cl? i thought the "dot" should always be on the left when dealing with compounds?

[@MrERintoul]

Rangahatimuhmon It isn't as simple as saying that the dot should go on the left. When dealing with a radical such as the methyl radical, the dot would go next to the C, which would be the left, because this is where the unpaired electron is found. In the case of the ClO radical, the unpaired electron is found on the oxygen, hence the dot being drawn there. If you look at the bonding in the ClO radical, you'll see that the oxygen has that unpaired electron. Does that help at all?

[@a.Bader97]

E Rintoul Yes sir, thank you so much.

[@bluwbubloo]

Why does the methyl radical reacts with a Cl2 molecule in the second propagation step and not a Cl radical? Where do the Cl2 molecules come from?

[@MrERintoul]

+Au Rora The Cl2 is there from being initially added! I would assume it is Cl2 that hasn't been broken into radicals or some that has formed from 2 chlorine radicals reacting.

[@bluwbubloo]

+E Rintoul Okay thank you sir

[@cintiqlover]

These are really helpful! Thank you ^^ You also sound like the guy from the radio tower in zombie run

[@dirtydiana9618]

:) Great video!

[@MrERintoul]

***** Thanks :)

[@anasidris4187]

At 13:08 you say an example of a chlorofluorocarbon which includes hydrogen but in my textbook it says CFC's contain no hydrogen

[@thisdifficultlife210]

In my textbook it says that the ozone is created via O2 + hv ---> O. O. then O2 + O. ----> O3. But I don't understand how a free radical just adds to the O2 to make it O3. I guess i'm probably being stupid by attempting to keep to the octet rule from gcse, but i'm just curious.

[@johntindell9591]

Thank you very much, the video was very useful

[@surjitsinghbansal3546]

You are my savior THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THIS VIDEO Also I have a question, I do AQA chemistry but in my notes from my teacher she's written, "Why is Cl. + Cl. = Cl2 NOT a termination step?" Could you explain why it wouldn't be a termination step please?

[@ifrahi3007]

Thank you so much for this! really helps alot :D

[@MrERintoul]

Ifrah I No problem at all!

[@danielyoules105]

Your videos are so helpful thank you (y)

[@MrERintoul]

Daniel Youles I've not seen someone use (Y) in a long time! But thanks!

[@dayagill3199]

your my literal saviour 😁😁

[@The786legend]

great video, a massive help!

[@MrERintoul]

Not a problem! Glad to help!

[@danielsavvides804]

Nice job dude, keep it up

[@MrERintoul]

Cheers, chap!

[@stayrigo]

You are God sent🙏

[@sohail8d]

8:32 does HCl and .ch3 always be produced regardless of the alkane we use?

[@the24th28]

no it would be H(halogen) in this case it was chlorine used but if the alkane had a different halogen like bromine it would be HBr

[@ianho9964]

Your a legend !!!!! Thanks a lot

[@beckydonaldson6833]

Great video! My teacher emphasized the point that CFCs don't have hydrogen in them as this would mean that the C-Cl bond wouldn't break. Is this true?

[@MrERintoul]

Becky Donaldson I'm not sure - possibly! I know I made a mistake with saying that there are hydrogens in CFCs, but you do get HCFCs and as far as I am aware, these still contribute to the degradation of the ozone layer...

[@NightRyderZz]

At 9:16 why is there a new Cl2 molecule ?

[@kayeb6752]

This is so helpful watched all your videos! Will you be doing one on Alcohols and Aldehydes like tests for them or converting them, structures etc?

[@MrERintoul]

Thanks very much! Yeah, the aim is to get the alcohols topic covered this Sunday along with equilibria. The alcohols topic will include the classes as well as the oxidation of the alcohols and tests for products.

[@moezmahmood8572]

Hi, in my cgp book it says CFCs are halogenoalkane molecules where all of the hydrogen bonds have been replaced by chlorine and fluorine atoms. In other words, they have no Hydrogen atoms in them. But your example of CHClF2 has a H atom. Sorry I am just confused, did you do it by mistake or is my book wrong?

[@premojha979]

Ok so you said that in chlorofluorocarbons the C-F bond can't be broken because it is too strong and hence the C-Cl bond is broken by the UV light So I have two questions: When the C-Cl bond is broken by UV light is it still homolytic fission? I'm assuming the Cl gets one electron and the carbon compound gets the other. If we had a bromocarbon compound in the atmosphere, is it possible to break the Br-C bond since that bond would be weaker than the C-Cl bond?

[@ryou6453]

Come ON finally understand this thanks!

[@sebastianotomasso1843]

Hey it was great but howcome in the CFC's the UV light breaks the C-Cl bond in the CHClF2 and doesn't break the C-H bond

[@MrERintoul]

Thanks! The reason that the C-H bond doesn't break is that the energy required to break it is too high. If you look on a table of bond dissociation enthalpies, you'll see that the C-H bond has a value of around 413 kJ/mol which compared to around 330 kJ/mol for the C-Cl bond, is higher. Does that make sense?

[@camdockers]

Very helpful again! Any chance you could do the same for the Alkanes, Alkenes and Alcohols chapters?

[@MrERintoul]

Hi and thanks! What do you want from the alkanes, alkenes and alcohols? I've already done electrophilic addition which comes into the alkenes chapter (it also kind of includes elimination, I guess). I'm yet to do a general alcohols one and a general alkenes one, but they're on the cards for the future! There's not really a lot on the alkanes in general terms besides fractional distillation. Is that what you mean?

[@yungleanmetrooboomin]

You said that when we are dealing with molecules we must put the dot (free radical dot) on the starting point of the molecule. But, the reaction at 15.50 you gave the free radical dot on the ending side. Is it that you have put that out in mistake,or this is a special case.please le t me know! Thank you!

[@Xx-dh4xr]

You’re sooooo good!!!!!

[@benjvickers6462]

I thought that CFCs contained no hydrogen as CFCs are halogenoalkanes where all of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by chlorine and/or fluorine atoms?

[@TheElectrozoid]

Yeah, you're right - I gone made a typo. What I wrote would in fact be an HCFC.

[@mahnoor910]

For the termination stage, 2 chlorine radicals can form a chlorine molecule, wouldn't the chlorine molecule produced break down again?

[@AmbieWolfie]

Thank you so much for your videos!!!!!!! Only problem now.... I can't find a set of Physics videos as good as your Chemistry ones! Anyone have any ideas?

[@xr12bos81]

Great video helps alot

[@MrERintoul]

Rizwan Hussain I'm very glad!

[@danyaalq4096]

Hi! Once again a really good video. I do have a quick quetion though. When you look at the ozonethe Cl free radical rips a oxygen off O3, why is it still a free redical then? Isnt the whole point of it ripping a oxygen off to stop it being a free radical. Maybe i got this all wrong but can you explain please. Thanks!

[@MrERintoul]

Danyaal Qureshi The chlorine isn't a free-radical. It is the ClO that is the free radical...

[@ibrahimshafi2064]

What he is asking is Cl radical reacts with ozone to give ClO radical... Isnt the point of a radical reacting so it no longer remain a radical?? (first equation of the degradation of ozone)

[@zeenazeena2428]

Elliot can I use the template for longer equations.

[@TheElectrozoid]

Do we need to know why the C-F bond is stronger than the C-Cl bond?

[@playdow3664]

The synthesis is for chloroalkanes only not all the haloalkanes

[@myaa8794]

I still don't get this - the only mechanism which I don't get

[@MrERintoul]

samina aurangzeb What don't you get?

[@myaa8794]

I just get confused with what breaks up... But last night I spent practising and I can do it now. Thanks for the video

[@MrERintoul]

samina aurangzeb Excellent :)

[@leventenagy4302]

Have you taken down the videos on DNA and NMR spectroscopy, I find your other videos extremely helpful and would love to know if you have any on the final topics in paper 2.

[@MrERintoul]

Levente Nagy pretty sure I've got videos for carbon and hydrogen NMR. I'm yet to do any for DNA

[@leventenagy4302]

E Rintoul ok, I'll check them out soon thanks

[@m1n5tr3l]

Does it matter what side of the element or compound I put the free radical dot?

[@MrERintoul]

m1n5tr3l I'm gonna say yes. Try and stick with what I have shown - the reason is due to where the bond has broken to give the unpaired electron.

[@m1n5tr3l]

thanks and great video as always

[@jamesowler1526]

So helpful! Thanks.

[@MrERintoul]

Not a problem!

[@neos.h.7892]

Life saver!

[@rosieyoung7867]

Thanks so much!!!

[@N1RUg4merPr0du10n5]

at 15.07 why is the dot on oxygen and not cl

[@wispaah6245]

got an answer?

[@TheElectrozoid]

When dealing with a radical such as the methyl radical, the dot would go next to the C, which would be the left, because this is where the unpaired electron is found. In the case of the ClO radical, the unpaired electron is found on the oxygen, hence the dot being drawn there. If you look at the bonding in the ClO radical, you'll see that the oxygen has that unpaired electron. Does that help at all?

[@empirecrop]

thanks- saved me

[@johnpaterson9409]

You should make an app for your videos, so its a little bit more accessible and easier to use. :) GV

[@MrERintoul]

John Paterson I would love to do that! BUT, I have no idea how to. Plus, I think to make an app for the App Store you need to make it on a Mac. And I am not getting a Mac. Can you make apps?!

[@johnpaterson9409]

I have no idea how make apps sorry.

[@MrERintoul]

John Paterson The dream is over. Thanks, John.

[@nabilaahmed4859]

do you have anything on polymerisation

[@MrERintoul]

Nabila Ahmed Not really for AS I don't think... Do you mean AS or A2?

[@mayal6459]

What's the one essential condition for this reaction? Oh it's UV I'm sure

[@PrimalMedicine]

Yes, ultraviolet light (UV) is the essential condition in order to produce the free radical in the initiation stage. Feel free to check my channel out and subscribe as I cover a level chemistry exam questions. Here is my video on this topic: kzbin.info/www/bejne/emq5m2eplqyinKc

[@xxxtentacles3811]

I just love you

[@biancaanderson598]

Good stuff

[@jadebowkett2776]

soo what happens to the Hydrogen that is lost from the methane or dichloromethane?

[@HighVizz.]

Thank you!!!

[@ishy8723]

THANK U SO MUCH

[@fatimaomer1132]

Wish you could do my CH2 exam for me lol ;)

[@MrERintoul]

Fatima Omer Haha!

[@Antonio-ep7lx]

this video works for cie right

[@PrimalMedicine]

Hello Antonio, I have covered a video answering an exam style question on this topic which you may find useful: kzbin.info/www/bejne/emq5m2eplqyinKc

[@thakshilawijayasinghe2846]

Awesome

[@BasherBadBoy786A]

Can CFC's contain Hydrogen??

[@farihaahmed5974]

They can but then they will be known as HCFCs.

[@BasherBadBoy786A]

Fariha Ahmed Ok thanks

[@orangepotato2112]

thank you

[@minesh5583]

Your supposed to write c2h6 as molecular formula ch3ch3 otherwise wrong

[@MrERintoul]

Alias DMG No, you don't need to. With an alkane, you're normally OK to write it as I have done as there's not really any confusion that could come from it. However, if you were looking at ethanol and you wrote it as C2H6O, that would be wrong as you haven't shown that it has an OH group present.

[@ajimjim3089]

yassss

[@zainudp7592]

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