Kangxi had 62 years since his father passed away in Jan 1661. He died in Dec 1722. Qianlong got 60 years. Most historians used 1780 (Qianlong Year 45) as the starting point of Qing's downfall.
滿洲人在入關前數千年來乃低文化落後貧瘠民族,只因機緣際遇而唾手奪得中華,今天中國語言竟用上他們入關後學上之半咸不淡中原雅言,摧毀數千年中原文化,但到如今中國人竟然無知接受,真覺痛心,羞恥。普通話(國語)音韻不足,其底子用於學習外語,音譯外語等比廣東話成效差天共地,語言其實乃一垂要溝通工具,定須有足夠應用才行。It really hurts cause I've been living abroad for over 50 years. It's an erroneously neglected shame for Chinese.
多次奉讀穆sir細緻循序闡釋各項年代史實概況,令我等長智通茅,確實心儀拜服。如今只望汝能解說史實中北京官話於民初能被選定為代表中國廣泛語言, (按:余至今仍在惡補中文,只此項只具香港五十多年前英文中學水準,如文不達意,望莫見笑) 。 具長遠歷史之中原雅言被近代清朝經卑劣摹仿而曲變為北京官話,更於民國後水鬼成皇,進而成為當下之中國通用語言。清代官方當年學習不力(故意,無知,低文化?),只竄學至四音(廣東話有九音),此實非良好語言溝通工具。究竟當年為何選用,原由繽紛,但不論如何,定案之人實有抹煞數千年中原文化之責。且不論以讀唐詩為證,如以兩组不同母語之人(廣東話, 普通話)學習外語(如英文),在外語發音之上立辨高下。另一可笑處為譯音,如以廣東話音譯前美國總統可精準至用"侵"一字,惟普通話則需用三字且誤韻失真,只出語者及其社群等一方領會,因音韻不足而拙補至演繹低劣,西方人聽著多半不知所謂,此乃多年旅居外國所感所見實情之一,其他不勝枚舉。惟觀感出自以事論事,绝無偏私。想來努爾哈赤,皇太極等於泉下肯定笑破肚皮且翻天,以其後代二百多年(有意, 低質?)搞作居然可以摧殘掃蕩中原語系二千多年文化,但如今中國人竟然無知坦奉,翻閱中華歷史時可有感想?慨嘆?Though living abroad over 50 years, I still keep a close watch/study to explore ancient Chinese and world history. I might be talking to a brick wall at times but still trying to vent some of the erroneously neglected grievances. Thanks for reading. Greetings from Australia.