Multiple sclerosis - أ.د.عمرو حسن الحسني أستاذ المخ و الأعصاب

What is multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease. With these conditions, your immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells. In people with MS, the immune system attacks cells in the myelin, the protective sheath that surrounds nerves in the brain and spinal cord.
Damage to the myelin sheath interrupts nerve signals from your brain to other parts of your body. The damage can lead to symptoms affecting your brain, spinal cord and eyes.
There are four types of multiple sclerosis:
Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS): When someone has a first episode of MS symptoms, healthcare providers often categorize it as CIS. Not everyone who has CIS goes on to develop multiple sclerosis.
Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS): This is the most common form of multiple sclerosis. People with RRMS have flare-ups -- also called relapse or exacerbation -- of new or worsening symptoms. Periods of remission follow (when symptoms stabilize or go away).
Primary progressive MS (PPMS): People diagnosed with PPMS have symptoms that slowly and gradually worsen without any periods of relapse or remission.
Secondary progressive MS (SPMS): In many cases, people originally diagnosed with RRMS eventually progress to SPMS. With secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis, you continue to accumulate nerve damage. Your symptoms progressively worsen. While you may still experience some relapses or flares (when symptoms increase), you no longer have periods of remission afterward (when symptoms stabilize or go away).
How common is multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Nearly 1 million adults in the U.S. are living with multiple sclerosis. MS commonly affects more women than men. Most people with MS receive a diagnosis between the ages of 20 and 40.
Symptoms and Causes
What causes multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Experts still don’t know for sure what causes multiple sclerosis. Research is ongoing to help identify what causes the disease. Factors that may trigger MS include:
Exposure to certain viruses or bacteria: Some research suggests that being exposed to certain infections (such as Epstein-Barr virus) can trigger MS later in life.
Where you live: Your environment may play a role in your risk for developing MS. Certain parts of the world have significantly higher rates of the disease than others. Areas farther from the equator have higher rates of MS. That may be because these regions receive less intense sun. People who get less sun have lower levels of vitamin D, a risk factor for developing MS.
How your immune system functions: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease. Researchers are working to figure out what causes some people’s immune cells to mistakenly attack healthy cells.
Gene mutations: Having a family member with MS does increase your risk of the disease. But it’s still unclear exactly how and which genes play a role in triggering multiple sclerosis.
What are the symptoms of multiple sclerosis?
Vision problems - such as optic neuritis (blurriness and pain in one eye) - are often one of the first signs of multiple sclerosis. Other common symptoms include:
Changes in gait.
Fatigue.
Loss of balance or coordination.
Muscle spasms.
Muscle weakness.
Tingling or numbness, especially in your legs or arms.
What are the complications of multiple sclerosis?
If MS progresses, worsening symptoms may lead to complications such as:
Difficulty walking that may result in needing a cane, walker or wheelchair.
Loss of bowel or bladder control.
Memory problems.
Sexual difficulties.
Diagnosis and Tests
Who diagnoses multiple sclerosis (MS)?
If your primary care provider suspects you may have MS, you will need to see a neurologist. A neurologist is a doctor who specializes in treating conditions that affect the nervous system, which includes your brain and spinal cord.
How is multiple sclerosis diagnosed?
No one test can provide a definitive MS diagnosis. To understand what’s causing symptoms, your healthcare provider will do a physical exam. You may also have blood tests and imaging tests, such as MRI. An MRI looks for evidence of lesions (areas of damage) in the brain or spinal cord that indicate multiple sclerosis. Lesions develop as a result of damage to the myelin sheath surrounding the nerves. A spinal tap (lumbar puncture) may also need to be done.
If these tests don’t provide a clear answer, your neurologist may recommend an evoked potentials test. This test checks your nerve function by measuring electrical activity in the brain and spinal cord.
Management and Treatment
How is multiple sclerosis (MS) managed or treated?
Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs): Several medications have FDA approval for long-term MS treatment.
Relapse management medications: If you have a severe attack, your neurologist may recommend a high dose of corticosteroids.
Physical rehabilitation:

[@waleedraafat9946]

ربنا يحفظك وينفع بيك ..ربنا يجعله في ميزات حسنات حضرتك علم 📚 ينتفع به🆘️

[@Aserahmed89]

حضرتك بتفدنا اوي وبتنبهنا عن حاجات احنا كانت محيرانا بجد شكرا لحضرتك دكتور عمرو ❤وجزاك الله خير

[@amrhasanneuro]

جزانا وإياكم

[@doctoressam4140]

ا. د عمرو حسن جزاكم الله خيراً للعلم النافع اقترح تفريغ المحاضرات فى كتاب clinical neurology in practice

[@amrhasanneuro]

جزانا وإياكم

[@MoAhmed-mp5ld]

سبحان الله وبحمده سبحان الله العظيم

[@noone-kv7kf]

شرح جميل جدًا ومبسط👏 شكرًا لحضرتك

[@amrhasanneuro]

الشكرلله

[@elsayedwahdan5221]

شكرا جزيلا.الله يبارك في حضرتك.

[@amrhasanneuro]

الشكرلله🌹

[@dohaahmed6770]

جميييل جدااً ماشاءالله ❤️👏🏻

[@amrhasanneuro]

شكرا جزيلا لحضرتك

[@user-dg1sl8zl9z]

ربنا يبارك في حضرتك ويذيدك علم ونفعا للناس ويجعل شفاءنا علي ايدگ أن شاء الله ❤ دكتور عمرو حـسن الحسنى ❤❤

[@amrhasanneuro]

ربنا يكرمك يارب بكل الخير

[@sohakandel756]

@@amrhasanneuroالسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته دكتور عمر حضرتك أنا مقيمة في امريكا و زوجي أتشخص انه مريض MS في اى وسيلة اتواصل مع حضرتك عشان تطلع الأشعة والتقرير والتحاليل ويكون في مجال لتشخيص الحالة جزاكم الله كل خير

[@amrhasanneuro]

@@sohakandel756 يوجد كشف أون لاين للحجز برجاء التواصل علي رقم واتس آب 00201009673638

[@sohakandel756]

@@amrhasanneuro تمام جزآكم الله كل خير

[@amrhasanneuro]

@@sohakandel756 جزانا وإياكم

[@Aserahmed89]

دكتور عمرو كنت عامله رنين علي المخ ممكن ابعته لحضرتك ‏

[@Samsung-me4yy]

نحن من محافظة قنا بنعانى كل شهر من قلة دواء التصلب المتعدد

[@MahmoudAbdshafi]

هو الخلايا مش بتجدد بعد الهجمات ؟ تحديدآ الميلين ؟

[@samiaseleem4821]

ما راي حضرتك في علاج ال MS ب الخلايا الجزعيه stem cells اعتقد في تجارب علي هذا الموضوع ؟

[@amrhasanneuro]

السلام عليكم و رحمه الله و بركاته أهلا و سهلا بحضرتك ألف سلامه العلاج بالخلايا الجذعيه مازال في اطار البحث العلمي و نتائجه غير مؤكده

[@thres34]

يمكن hsct

[@aalaa.mo.]

🔥👏👏👏👏

[@a7madbimo]

شكراً ليك يادكتور على المحاضرة والشرح الوافي ،، أنا اتشخصت MS من أسبوع وماشي على الاسترويدس دلوقتي ،، بس عندي تنميل وتخدير في النص الاسفل من الجسم ،، هل الاعراض دي بتروح مع الوقت ولا هتفضل معايا طول العمر ،، وشكراً 😊

[@Faressharabia]

ابحث على النت على دكتور ضياء العوضي

[@king-nd9lv]

السلام عليكم أنا سيده ابلغ من العمر ٥٠ سنه غير متزوجه عندي انزلاق وتلف في الاعصاب من عشرين سنه حاليا لايوجد عندي الم مشكلتي هي في المثانه عندما يكون فيها ادرار حتي لو كان نسبه قليله يسبب الم شديد في الرأس اذا لم اذهب الى الحمام غالبا يكون هذا في الليل عند النوم فعليه أن أكون يقظة طوال الليل او اضع منبه كل ساعه ونصف إلى ساعتان بالإضافة إلى أن امتنع من شرب الماء في الليل علما لايوجد التهاب في المثانه والمجاري البولية ولا الكليتين واشكركم ارجو الرد سريعا

[@user-ds9vn9dc4j]

دكتور ارجو الرد هل باركنسون الاوعيه الدمويه خسر الخلايه العصبيه ام بسبب احتشاء وعدم وصول الدم للمخ عندي جميع اعراض باركنسون ماعد الرعاش وعندي عدم ادركه وتقل واحساس بالمرهم عند جبهه الراس وارى اشياء بمعنى هلوس وخرف وهل يمكن الشفاء من باركنسون الاوعيه الدمويه وعلاج باركنسون الاوعيه الدمويه مه العلم اني سني 19سنه فقط ارجو الرد وشكرا على مجهودك

[@ahmedabohashem3588]

انت عمرك صغير فغالبا هتتعالج وهتبقي كويس لو عالجت السبب ان شاء الله الهلاوس ممكن تكون من العلاج اللي بتاخده لو كان levodpoa فهو اللي بيعمل كده