Muscles of Mastication | Anatomy Tutorial

#mastication #masseter #mandibular
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There are four muscles of mastication: The masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid.
First we will indicate the masseter muscle. This muscle has two heads which are inserting on angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible, and also on the lateral surface of coronoid process. The deep head is much smaller, and arises from the posterior third of the lower border of the zygomatic arch. The superficial head arises from the temporal process of the zygomatic bone, and from the anterior two-thirds of the inferior border of the zygomatic arch.
On the next diagram we will draw the temporalis muscle which arises from the temporal fossa and the deep part of temporal fascia which covers this muscle. It passes medial to the zygomatic arch and forms a tendon which inserts onto the coronoid process of the mandible, with its insertion extending into the retromolar fossa posterior to the last mandibular molar. Some authors are considering the most anterior set of fibers of the temporalis as a distinct muscle called the sphenomandibular muscle.
On the last diagram we will discuss about the two pterygoid muscles.
The medial pterygoid muscle has two heads. The deep head arises from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate while the superficial head arises from the maxillary tuberosity and pyramidal process of palatine bone. Both heads have a common insertion into a roughened area
on the posteroinferior part of the medial surface and angle of ramus of mandible.
The last muscle to be indicated is the lateral pterygoid muscle. This muscle has also two heads. The upper head arises from the infratemporal surface and crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and inserts onto the articular disc and fibrous capsule of the temporomandibular joint. The lower head arises from the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone and inserts onto the pterygoid fovea which is a concave surface on the medial side of the neck of the condyloid process of the mandible.
All of the four masticatory muscles are supplied by the anterior division of the mandibular nerve.

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