MY TOP SELLERS // Laser Engraver Small Business Talk

[@rallen7660]

I used to run a laser engraver in a woodshop that specialized in executive gifts/awards. This was back in the early 90's, when a laser engraver was north of $70K. That machine paid itself off in the first year. But the number one seller in our shop was engraved acrylic plaques. We figured out that smearing dish soap on the front surface gave the laser something to dump energy into, and then it wiped right off. Cheap and easy. Try it.

[@Samcraftcom]

Awesome!!

[@WynterNash]

May I ask if this is in place of painting it for example? I am waiting on my new laser engraver to arrive and I'm a total newbie to this. I saw another video where a man said you had to paint a white ceramic tile with white spray paint in order to be able to engrave it, then you have to use acetone or such to get the paint off afterwards. He also showed where you had to spray paint or with a brush plain glass then remove the paint after the engraving is done. I would have never thought you had to do all that. So, is your dish soap on the acrylic plaques for the same reason? Would your dish soap work on glass or ceramic tile instead of having to paint it? Thanks for your help.

[@rallen7660]

@@WynterNashI've never done tile, but I think it does. When you shine a laser at acrylic, most of the energy goes right through, with only a little energy being absorbed. The energy that's absorbed isn't enough to do a proper engraving, but it's enough to make heat bubbles throughout the plastic, basically ruining the piece. The soap acts as a laser target, it's opaque enough that the energy all dumps into the surface it's smeared on, giving you a good engraving. You may have to play with the power levels, depending on the plastics thickness and color.

[@rallen7660]

@@WynterNash It should work, I think. You just want something that will absorb the energy of the laser on the surface, and not let it be reflected or refracted. Paint would work, soap, shoe polish, any opaque liquid should do the job, but try and pick something that's easy to clean off.

[@cgmllr100]

@@WynterNash White spray paint has titanium dioxide in it . It is the pigment. When the laser burns the titanium dioxide it turns black and fuses with the ceramic tile leaving an "engraving." Various shades of white paint will work. The higher the titanium dioxide content the better. Krylon Fusion paints work well. However, avoid gloss because it will reflect some of the laser energy and the engraving will not be as dark. You would not use it on acrylic. If you are using a C02 laser, acrylic will absorb the infrared wavelength the laser tube generates so it can be engraved and cut without adding anything to it. However, the dish soap will prevent spattered acrylic from bonding back on the acrylic making clean-up easier.

[@ypure3859]

you were friendly, not loud, simple clear honest info. I like that.

[@robertbankhead8661]

Sam, you are a credit to our craft! Thank you 1) for sharing your story and 2) for not being threatened to share your secrets. We could all be a bit more revealing in our journey, but you have gone to a lot of effort to make it 'public'. For that I thank you.

[@Samcraftcom]

Wow, thanks! Glad it was helpful!

[@Comicsluvr]

This is the first time I've seen one of your videos and I have to say that I really like your personality. The brief 'Squirrel' moment you had earlier was cute but not forced for comedic effect. Very natural and organic. I look forward to more of your work.

[@rodneysmith1750]

I agree, first-time viewer, but you were very relaxed and confident. Excellent video, great content.

[@SouthernHustla]

Your channel was randomly recommended and after watching approximately 4 minutes I immediately subscribed. There’s something about your demeanor and delivery that grabbed my attention. Keep up the great content.

[@jimshackelford4267]

Sam I did mess up on a few slate coasters, they can be reconditioned on a sander in the shop then reused but the only issue is the surface is smooth. Thanks for sharing your knowledge. You have taught me a lot so far.

[@Samcraftcom]

Good to know!

[@southerntommygun1353]

Your honesty and attention to detail is refreshing. Subscribed and look forward to more videos.

[@supercarowners]

Just got a Xtool d1 Pro 10W laser. Absolutely amazed with what all it can do. Your video is very useful. Thank you.

[@Samcraftcom]

Glad it helped

[@ianmacgowan4335]

Sam. I really value all of the video’s you post. I have learnt a great deal about laser engraving from you. However I need to really applaud you for this video. It was obviously very personal and you needed to take that cathartic journey and speak from your heart. Well done my friend - you did a great job. Your message was clear and well made. You were earnest but used humour. Keep up the excellent work you are doing in your new workshop (not to new now I guess). I look forward to many more insights. Best wishes to you and your family Bud.

[@Steve-p1o5f]

Thank you for the great information. I rarely use links from KZbin videos but your links seem like they are of actual value to me. Thanks again and I look forward to more videos from you!

[@Samcraftcom]

Glad it was helpful!

[@JRLNeal]

Sam thank you for your informative videos. Only one month ago I bought a laser engraver and I’ve paid for it already with one job. A restaurant / inn I stay out in the UK here needed new key fobs. I have a secret supply of small hardwood, but oak and other woods, and so I took a sample of a key fob to the manager and he ordered 17 of them for a very good price. I am now figuring out how to make some Christmas decorations for the house and finally worked out how to ‘trace’ round an image to cut out of card and make a very effective decoration with a battery powered to light behind it. All the very best to you and your laser cutter.

[@Samcraftcom]

Awesome to hear! Congrats!!!

[@jimhatch5873]

Great video again. Couple of slate lasering tips that may help or not :-) After the acetone dries, try a wipe of mineral oil on the slate before you engrave. That will help them really pop. The one with the fade may have been caused by it being slightly out of level (check the rubber feet - I've had them vary significantly even on a single coaster). Also, if you check the coasters before you remove them, you can re-run the job for a 2nd pass and even it all out. As long as they don't get moved, your laser should hit them spot on top of what has already been lasered.

[@Grossvatti]

This! Second that 100%

[@jamies8973]

I concur with conducting a preliminary inspection prior to pulling the item from the setup. I've saved a few jobs because I was able to rerun them or at least part of the artwork rather than tossing the job and doing the whole thing over.

[@fauxque5057]

I was wondering about rework. It made sense that it would run the exact same path as long as it's not moved.

[@EclecticMystic]

Yeah, had the same thought as you about the feet. To ensure consistency, I'd just buy the slate coasters without feet (if possible) for engraving, and then add them after the fact. Not worth the loss in quality, imho.

[@TheLouisianaHobbyGuy]

*Another great video Sam!* I find I get different results based on the grain, so I always orient the grain vertically. Since doing that, I haven't had a single fail. I only do monograms, they sell like hotcakes!

[@Samcraftcom]

Good stuff!!

[@dennybaker6264]

Do you mean for cutting? I always heard and always have done photo engraving with the grain horizontally, engraving with the grain

[@brokenleadwoodworks]

Stumbled on your channel recently. Mainly we just purchased a Ortur and went looking around. I find your channel enlightening as well as encouraging. Thank you for your insight! It’s appreciated!

[@Samcraftcom]

Happy to be of help!

[@snydercustomwoodwork]

Hey Sam, you have absolutely became one of my favorite people to watch on KZbin! I think a good video upcoming would be for all the tips and tricks you have learned about light burn. Oh and I’m super excited to learn that there is a tablet I can use in the garage instead of my laptop so thanks for sharing that

[@Samcraftcom]

Thanks so much! I'll see what I can come up with for a Lightburn video. :)

[@joshuam.766]

I second that! This is the first video of yours I've watched and I hit the subscribe button the second you mentioned the Fusion5!

[@newmonengineering]

Great video. I have a giant co2 laser. It hasn't made much money for me yet but I know it will soon. I have mostly been designing and making gifts so far but when I start posting products I hope I can sell some. Always nice to see what others do with their lasers.

[@Samcraftcom]

Awesome!!

[@laurelbutts1374]

I like the coaster that you sad was bad. I like the variety in the depth of the lines. keep it, sell it, it looks good.

[@Fangz33]

Thank you Sam!

[@Samcraftcom]

Thank you!!

[@CherryDempsy]

This video was helpful. I got a bonus tip and you didn't even know you gave it... hanging the miter saw on the wall when not in use. Awesome!

[@Samcraftcom]

Glad it helped!

[@tracyvater1598]

Hi Sam, having had a quick look at your coasters, there is a slight difference in the surface finish of the two items, The first one is a little rough, which means the laser has to pentertrate deeper, which it can't. Therefore the feathering occurs ( this is according to my husband Ken, by the way).

[@richwillis8794]

Brilliant stuff Sam. Thanks for the video and appreciate the details you put in. I'm from the UK and hopefully going to buy my first laser engraver soon.

[@Samcraftcom]

Have fun!

[@ryandeweese363]

Thanks for showing us some of the ins of running your bussiness and craft! I'd like to get into cnc engraving and etching

[@Fangz33]

Awesomeness all around.. I'm just breaking into the laser market and these tips will take me a thousand miles.. Thanks Sam!!!

[@Samcraftcom]

Happy to help!

[@darleneclark6098]

Love our custom coasters!!! Thanks so much. You should offer wood coasters sealed in epoxy. Just an idea

[@robdude1969]

I used to do a lot of this when a member of the TechShop a few years ago. I really liked lasering on slate. It's nice to see there are ready to go products available... I used to cut and finish each one by hand! I miss having access to a maker space. Good luck in your business!!!

[@steveo2764]

I just wanted to say it's obvious from watching your videos you are a very good person I appreciate Who You Are I'd like to fill America with 100 million more like you. Cheers

[@redridgemillwork]

Hey Sam... I don't do any Laser work but I clicked on your video for some reason! Glad I did... :) I really enjoyed your way of presenting. Your vid is easy to follow, good sense of humour, valuable info for those in the field, massive transparency...! All very helpful to help me trust you and want to learn more from you. Even though I have no plans to enter this space I really enjoyed this and wish you every success my man. I will recommend your channel to anyone who is in the space for sure. Rock on dude! Cheers Greg

[@Samcraftcom]

Hey Greg, thanks for the comment! I really appreciate that and take it as a huge compliment. Thanks!

[@SteveNeighbor]

Thanks for great content without any of the annoying stuff other üTubers seem to be addicted to. The Princess Bride... (still) the greatest comedy ever made, nearly 25 years later!

[@lloydosmondjr1]

Just stumbled onto your channel, after a minute I subscribed.

[@Samcraftcom]

Awesome, thank you!

[@StevenDavisPhoto]

u can also save on the bubble wrap by getting the free flat rate shipping envelopes from USPS. u can either ship with them, or just throw them into a different container.

[@secobaairways4585]

Good video, thanks. That saw hanging on your wall has seen better days! 😂

[@njhtx2753]

My buddy luke combs we love watching your videos at first I tought it was luke combs since I been watching some country videos lol thanks for all your tips Sam craft!

[@austindavis2503]

I knew we was gonna be friends when I seen that TS hat those are the best. You got my vote !

[@retiredtom1654]

Sam, your videos are in my top 2 or 3 (many times #1) in presentation & explanations.

[@Samcraftcom]

Wow, thanks!!

[@sameerkhan-nu5qy]

your candidness got me subscribed. eager to watch some more.

[@user-kj4mo2ii9k]

Ah - another big Princess Bride fan! Bravo. First video of yours that I stumbled on. Subscribed. Interesting content. Keep it up!

[@Samcraftcom]

Welcome aboard!! Onward, to Guilder, we have some framing to do!

[@weilam03]

I order from Uline a lot for my work. The minimum order for free shipping is 550$ And always factor in waste or bad cuts it's part of doing this type of work. Subbed great content no bullshit

[@dalebacino]

Getting my machine on Saturday...Can't wait to get started in this journey like you and The Louisiana Hobby Guy...two great channels.

[@Samcraftcom]

Awesome!! I agree, he has a lot of great content! Good luck!

[@josephd3066]

Love watching your videos, I'm only about 45 minutes from you in south carolina. Your videos have helped me a lot.

[@Samcraftcom]

Awesome! Also glad to hear my videos are helpful. :)

[@Nonprofessional_Tinkerer]

coaster isnt flat, diodes have a very small focus distance. You can sand them and use again. Also try applying a coat of clear lacquer before engraving. This gives even greater contrast. Id post some examples but YT wont let me

[@fadedglory1045]

I got soaps and coasters sets for my grown kids stocking stuffers this year. They were thrilled ! My son got the Goonies set and he just loved em! Really they all loved them. And the soaps smell amazing!

[@nevmev5982]

I too, have been running a laser engraved slate coaster product for about a year and they do great, from custom design to in house designs.

[@greglewis8752]

Thanks for your insight and sharing the knowledge of your business. Oh, and the source of your materials helps more than you can imagine. One comment though, you wiped each coaster down with acetone to remove fingerprints, oil, etc, then you handle them with your bare hands??? Even 'dry' hands have some oil on them and can undo what you just spent time and money doing. Keep the videos coming.

[@MrRobin4444]

@ 11:32 the unknown bug you encounter. the laser takes some time to get up to full speed. Either your laser driver or the program that you are using compensates for this with a weaker laser power at the edge. This can be prevented by overscanning.

[@KeithFromPhilly]

I've been doing slate coasters too. Finish them off with a coat of spray lacquer to really make them pop

[@guynotes777]

Really enjoyed the video and your information. Hoping for more videos!

[@chriskalnasy7116]

Sam, a couple things. I have found precoating the lasers gives a better look in the end. A simple spray of clear is all that is needed. Personally I use 1 coat of spray shellac as it dries really quickly. Secondly, with all of your orders, start saving the bucks and jump up to a c02. I had 2 diode lasers for a couple years and end of summer last year (2021) I finally jumped to a 60w omtech and I can run a set of 4 coasters at high speed and low power pretty fast! Worth noting, and I am sure you know, running the diode laser at 100% will burn it out much faster, but I get that its worth it for the speed aspect on a lower powered unit.

[@indyvicky]

Thanks for ur tip of using shellac. Can u pls share what speed/power setting u r using for omtech 60w?

[@ibecruisinibecruisin]

Shellac is alcohol soluble so if someone spills, a beverage with alcohol in it, it may soften, or leave rings. I use a water based spray urethane. Minwax Polycrylic Clear Satin Water-Based Polyurethane Aerosol Spray.

[@bsm1923]

Just bought an engraver and its great to see examples of its potential use! Thanks for this...and I love the Goonies coasters!

[@manamedia]

What an awesome thing to share! Thank you Sam for giving your insights into a portion of your small business! Thank you so much. x from New Zealand.

[@lamairepr]

I used the link for the coasters, thanks for the video also enjoying your content. New sub here!

[@jeffreybaumann7044]

Princess bride! A classic! Love that movie! You can get a multiple port USB that will plug into your single port. ( micro center) I had to do that too. I had to be able to run my mouse and laser. And my computer wasn't cheap. Lol Great video! Love the slate!

[@pswoodworks7007]

I'm really close to purchasing a CNC Machine and of course a Laser system at the same time. This video could not have come at a better time for me. Thanks for the info and heads up on everything laser and beyond. Keep up the good work. We're recent TN residents and really enjoy your story.

[@Samcraftcom]

Awesome! Happy to help! I've used my laser much more than the CNC lately... probably a subject worth doing a video on. As it made me change my business structure fast!

[@Mostaism]

To my knowledge, and from experience, fingerprints, q bit of oil residue, wax pencil lines and such won't affect the etch from a laser on stone. We've been doing pizza oven hearthstones at work for a few years now, no problems with residues. Thatight save you a fewinutes next run you do. Love your video, and how you break it down for us. Keep it up brother

[@SybilDefense]

U-line is awesome. As a DDS, I used to package travel oral hygiene supplies in a clear tube with color coded rubberized ends and give these out as promo swag on kayak group outings. Waterproof and keep other thing "fresh" like smokable legal things

[@tammybledsoe3718]

Check the coaster thickness with a caliper. It might be that the coaster was a tad thinner in that area.

[@restrainingsammy4611]

Thank you Sam. That was a good video. I'm just wondering though, the title to your video says "My Top Sellers" so I was kinda expecting more than just one product. I've been doing these slate coasters for a while now and your advice is spot on. Would like to hear what else yo sell.

[@chriscawleycc]

As a current uline employee, we thank you. I believe you can buy your parking in just a single roll. Great video.

[@Samcraftcom]

Thanks for the info!

[@jon.b.official]

Don't know if anyone said it but if you get a fade one it could be the un even surface making laser slightly out of focus. 1. Maybe Save them up and Sell them as misfits slightly discounted or a pack with 1 bad at 10% off 2. Re run the print before moving it and it may get a little clearer/defined on a second pass. Great video and well done for getting a business up and running. keep up the good work 💪

[@jdkman79]

I spray a thin coat of krylon clear coat BEFORE I engrave my slate. Makes the engraving pop!

[@lisahaney8601]

I like your vibe. And the information was very helpful. I'm a new hobby woodworker thinking of selling coasters. I just ordered an engraver. I read somewhere that customized items sell better.

[@Samcraftcom]

Awesome! Thanks! And yes, you can totally make money doing that!

[@JimG31547]

I am glad to see you are really using both lasers to grow your business.

[@ronrizzuto1518]

Hi, can you share where you get your products, coasters utensils. GREAT JOB Ron

[@quickpickle]

Great video! Not tiring to watch and you highlight all the important stuff!

[@Samcraftcom]

I appreciate that!

[@FiglioBastardo]

So I visited the links to your stuff and can't find the coasters. Even if it's later than Christmas it's cool with me. Videos like this and other makers I've watched make me want to take that laser plunge. We'll see what happens. Best of luck and I did your channel. God bless you and yours brother.

[@mattl9704]

You have a great presentation style. Very easy to follow.

[@LaserRanger15]

I sold the big bed, more expensive ones about 10 years ago. These open frame, table tops with the diodes now, are pretty amazing. I was wondering about the service though.

[@zero00044]

If you use some rustoleum gloss spray enamel on the slate coasters before engraving it makes the engravings show up much more clear. Just 1 coat and a few minutes with a heat gun to dry quickly works really well. I find without the spray enamel that unless you're looking at it from the right angle, the light just reflects off of the image and it can't be seen that well. A matt clear coat works too but gloss seems to show up the best. Makes the slate even blacker and makes the white pop. Also lighburn is definitely the software to use, unfortunately some of the best laser engravers only use their own proprietary software. So definitely do your research before buying. The ortur laser master 2 pro is definitely a good starter one. It's what I have. I have the short focus laser module for better engraving. While they also sell a long focus version for better cutting. I find that if you have experience with 3d printers, a diode laser engraver will be really simple to understand with assembly and software. Like 3d printers, it's all about trial and error. Each material requires different speed and power settings just like different 3d printer fillaments. Run test pieced with the types of materials you want to use. This includes different kinds of wood. As for me, I'm running a single machine out of my bedroom in my apartment for a small business. The next step is to save up about $6,000 for a fiber laser engraver, because I have a lot of people asking if I can do metal, which unfortunately, with a diode laser you cant.

[@danielcowles9761]

You can always get a USB hub to use, it normally has like 5 USB ports on it.

[@ronnorris1504]

Thanks for sharing. Excited to try slate on my laser.

[@ArtByCater]

Great info, on software, and products you use, and the uline bags are awesome. Thanks Chuck

[@MrEmericks]

Hi Sam! You have a great channel. Regarding the anomaly/difference in engraving outcome. I’ve been playing with laser cutters for a few years at university and have found that sometimes the laser needs to warm up (run a spoil job) before going for the actually thing. Other times dust at the lenses will impact the quality. And of course the major one, the Z focus height is very important. I’m sure you know most if not all of this, just wanted to let you know. All the best! : D

[@Samcraftcom]

Thanks!!

[@jessetutterrow4320]

Thank you for the video. I just ordered my Ortur LM2 Pro this morning. I appreciate a look at the business side of the business since I hope one day to be able to sell crafts to support my woodworking.

[@Samcraftcom]

Congrats! It's the workhorse of my shop for sure. Let me know if there are some business chats you may like me to make a video on... I'm pretty much an open book. :)

[@tomk2468]

Excellent presentation! Thanks for sharing your tips. I hope your business continues to thrive and brings you much joy! 👍🏻😎

[@19645pat]

Max, The one with the fade may have been caused by a smaller thickness of the slate, i had some that where up to 1mm less thick, so your laser is out of focus then. Nice video's keep it up!

[@ISAIASALEZONES]

Thanks Mr. Sam, great learning from you! Any insights for product pricing in the laser biz? Double thanks.

[@Rjacket]

Did you ever figure out what was causing the feathering on the flops? Is it a slight height difference on the coasters from its thickness resulting in 1-3 mm distance from the laser?

[@MacBaerFFM]

Thank you so much for this inspiring video. It was a pleasure to watch! Will check out your other videos for sure. Ah, and I think your personality is fantastic!

[@mathusulah]

Really well presented, best of luck in your work. well done.

[@FishingwithPhillips]

Love that I happened to stumble on these videos through my freecad and 3d printing worm hole I been down. Prior I hadn't considered laser engraving even though I been doing it for 10 years on a $20k plus epilog machine. 10 years ago I only found industrial machines that run on par with cnc machine prices. Our primary use is engraving and accurate punch and drill locations on product I build. Seeing these machines and the affordability is awesome! All the ways I've already used engravers and all the solutions I'm used to from, materials to setups to software (we use corel draw 3 and its excellent for the drawing process and communicates well with the printer) I also use corel to convert to dxf files to cnc as well. I can't wait to dive in to this world to make myself $ instead of a company. Thanks for the great videos

[@dcaudio1]

You are a shining example of what this country is all about. God bless you. Hope your business continues to excel....

[@Samcraftcom]

Wow, thank you!

[@bhutch216]

Thank you for confirming Lightburn raised their prices. I had so many people telling me it’s always been $60 and I knew I paid $30 in 2018 and it wasn’t until a few months ago that I got a message saying I needed to pay $30 annually to get updates.

[@michaelenglund]

Youre really good at what you do. Also honest in all of it. Did you have a mentor or rolemodel and who was that if so.

[@jeffreybaumann7044]

I have had dimming of cut when I run the laser continuously without breaks. I also got what I call the dot matrix printer effect. Where I would have bands of light and dark. There again. Let it rest for a bit. Hope this helps. I was trying to perfect a design and kept re printing only to run into that problem. So I stopped what I was doing, shut It all down and tried it later. Ran perfectly. Then I remembered about letting it rest in-between.

[@3Hose]

One USB port should be no problem since you can daisy chain up to a total of 127 devices ( the newer versions may be higher). So get a hub and you can USB until your heart is content.

[@zachwestfall6045]

Loved the video! Very helpful. Do you have any advice/tips for beginners?

[@michaelwood7672]

Not sure if anyone mentioned this, but I didn’t notice air assist on your setup. That could have to do with the inconsistent images. The air assist will push away debris and smoke that can haze the laser lens and obscure focus. You can find some fairly inexpensive units out there. Good luck.

[@DailyDoseOfShortClips]

From one Sam to another this was a great video, thankyou!

[@grantdavis5264]

Hello Sam, loved this video. Do you have a video of the Fusion 5 setup?

[@ysbelbella6674]

Ive been wanting a laser engraver for over a year now but it wasnt it my budget. I think I will finally be getting one in the new year. Can you do a review of the ones you have to have a better idea of how they are after using them for a while?? Thank you so much for the great info and tips on your vids!!

[@Samcraftcom]

I use my Ortur Laser Master 2 Pro almost exclusively, so I would recommend it. The capacity, speed, and laser power all out-pace the Genmitsu.

[@careywebster760]

Have you tried lacquer spray on the coasters after laser? Really pops the contrast.

[@mdsign001]

Great video. Thank you for sharing this information, one thing I would suggest is to use environmental friendly packaging (a.i. NOT plastic) In my experience, customers will appreciate and pay for it!

[@KillitWithSkillet]

Great video man! Been thinking of getting into the business myself. Very informative.

[@CitizenJournoTN]

Hey there, great video! Any videos on how to price things to make profit? How would you determine the price of something you’ve purchased to engrave, and then engraved? Do you compare your prices with competitors? By the hour? Any info would be great. Keep it up!

[@steveferguson1232]

Great info, I just got an xtool D1 and rotary attachment and can’t wait to get started

[@Samcraftcom]

Those xtool lasers are nice looking! Maybe one day I'll get to do a comparison on it. :) Congrats on starting an awesome journey!

[@crablipsmomma]

FYI. You're able to sand the slate with a sander to remove the image. And then try again and again until it works or not...

[@mvasbinder1]

Just found you. Great video! I learned a lot. Thank you!

[@texascrossbowdude636]

Quick question about something no one talks about, lots of videos about ideas of what to sell or getting your laser business going etc. What I dont see is anything about how do you get orders? If from Etsy, do you get instant notifications that you received an order? If selling locally do you use the square etc. How do you receive orders?

[@espaspascal]

Thanks for sharing your experiences, great ! It does help indeed.

[@skunkky206]

Have you tried using a usb dock? Come with many options with extra usb ports

[@kickazcobra]

I know zero regarding a laser , at the end of video when you showed the coaster that wasn’t as well defined as the other. I was wondering if you could’ve just left the coaster in in place and rerun the laser program, thereby possibly saving the coaster . Just curiosity from someone with no laser knowledge.