Mysteries of Io NASA Hasn't Solved Yet

[@vegassims7]

Can you just imagine how AWESOME it would be to have a lander on this moon???? Huge Jupiter in the background and a starry night sky, no atmosphere, and volcanoes going off in the distant, so surreal.

[@Chris.Davies]

I don't need to! Because I have been there a few times, in Elite Dangerous. It's a boring place after about an hour! But I *can* imagine the super lethal dose of ionizing radiation you'd receive on IO. If you spent 4 hours on the surface of IO, you would receive a fatal dose, and die horribly. That's a big yucky NO from me! In reality, you could never get there, of course - there're no EVAs in the Jupiter system - you'd be stuck inside a very specially hardened space craft, able to protect its occupants. There won't be any stars visible from IO unless it is behind Jupiter hiding from the sun. Jupiter is too bright, and so is the sun. Because there is essentially no atmosphere, far away objects appear much closer than they are on IO, and so judging distance and scale there is almost impossible. Like most places in the solar system, these are fascinating places to look at from a distance, and to study using machines. But you don't want to go there except in your dreams. IO is a hellish place, and not for meatsack humans.

[@dredeth]

Check "The Expanse". In the 3rd season they land there.

[@vegassims7]

Your right, they did a good job of it too.@@dredeth

[@Enkaptaton]

@@dredeth I am pretty sure they did not land on Io. They landed on Ganymede

[@dredeth]

[SPOILER] . . . Place where Bobbie killed that protomolecule zombie is Io.@@Enkaptaton

[@Mirrorgirl492]

Enjoying Dr Davies enthusiasm for his subject.

[@GRILL332]

Love Dr Davies enthusiasm talking volcanoes!

[@johndoepker7126]

This was an absolutely amazing conversation....I almost called it an interview.....but that would have been inadequate....Continued phenomenal content is wat you provide, Fraser....🤟

[@1000dots]

This made Io feel more like a real and vivid place than it's been to me before

[@Jordy120]

So interesting! Thanks Dr Davies & Frasier.

[@Reyajh]

Io is a true jewel... Fascinating stuff!!! Some of these interview's are just fantastic!! Really appreciate it!!! Spock and the other Vulcan-ologists would be proud 😁

[@Nomad77ca]

It was those pictures of the outer solar system from the Yoyagers that really sparked my original curiosity about everything space, especially the Io volcanoes. Also Fraser, I used to see those same yellow mounds out my kitchen window across Burrard Inlet. I miss that view of the hills.

[@sjsomething4936]

Same! When I was in about grade 6 I had to do a project that used overhead slides, I was one of a few kids selected from my class that had to do this assignment, my choice was space so I spent hours selecting the photos that I found most captivating and taking pictures with the slide camera and adding commentary explanations for each one. My teacher actually didn’t believe me when I said that there were volcanoes on a moon of Jupiter until I showed her the articles I was using. Voyager was such a pivotal moment in man’s understanding of our solar system, really providing the first evidence that showed us that there’s still geographic processes occurring on several of them and that there is still much more to learn about them. Sadly, we moved from Vancouver when I was just 1 so I never did see the piles of sulphur at the docks, but I’ve been to Vancouver, Gibsons and the Sunshine Coast many times, some of my fondest memories of life are from there and most of my extended family still live in the Vancouver area.

[@cmayor7985]

The Vancouver sulphur pile is an industrial by-product of natural gas processing

[@banditpandit]

Dr Davies - enthusiasm , glee, are so infectious. God Bless all.

[@JAGzilla-ur3lh]

It's really fascinating how different the worlds in our solar system are. You can have a gargantuan gas giant orbited by both a cold ice shell moon and a piping hot volcanic moon. It's so strange to think about.

[@camsy83]

Really interesting interview, and I can't wait to see images from Juno's next flyby

[@xitheris1758]

Io rover challenges: • very high Δv requirements • extreme ionizing radiation • constant volcanic particulates • potentially driving over snow • potential oxidation issues

[@filonin2]

There is no snow on Io.

[@xitheris1758]

@@filonin2 The "snow" I refer to is fine particles of S₈ and SO₂ that condense from gasses ejected in volcanic plumes. Not snow as we have it on the Earth, but there isn't a better word for it.

[@Noqtis]

There is, it's called sprinkled shite

[@xitheris1758]

@@Noqtis 😆👌 I see that someone's familiar with fluid dynamics of such particulate matter.

[@colebutler6535]

earliest ive even been to your video!!!

[@bbbenj]

Excellent video, thanks. Happy new year!

[@EqualitySmurf]

Thank you for the interesting conversation. I wasn't aware of the fact that I would like to know much more about Io.

[@laurachapple6795]

Io needs more love!

[@SebSN-y3f]

Thank you very much Fraser! That was another great interview. Because you are fortunately also very knowledgeable and your passion meets that of the scientists. And again, there was so much to learn. I'm also a big JAXA fan, by the way. Their public relations work is also funny. The following is a music video explaining their work J-Pop style. They also have others on the channel in other styles, like rock and hiphop/rap. Cool, like Jaxa! (Also cool is this first private space company in India. They do a lot of things differently and will surprise us too. ISRO's work with young talent is also cool. Apart from that, many are waiting for Rocket Factory Augsburg and other exciting projects in Europe. Canada is also a member of the ESA and they want to finally build their own stations and spacecraft. Hopefully the unfortunately already outdated Ariane6 won't eat up too much of the budget. Great times nonetheless :) Have a great New Year's Eve and all the best for you, your family, your team and your patreons! kzbin.info/www/bejne/o6WleKGuaMygaKM

[@mechadense]

The dallol hydrothermal system has quite some Io vibes. There is some impressive drone footage here on youtube.

[@jaxm3715]

I love listening. I always think I'll be able to sleep to these and have interesting dreams, but I end up listening to the entire talks intently! Random question that popped in my head after a dream last night: Would astronauts traveling to distant worlds experience fluctuating G forces depending on the planets or stars they're passing by, how close, and the speed at which they're traveling?

[@Rodina11]

Excellent interview

[@cavetroll666]

Thanks for the video cheers from Toronto 🙃

[@dancingwiththedogsdj]

Is sulfur something we might mine for in the future if we found an asteroid or something within reach? Or just any benefits of such a sulfur rich environment? Great video as always! 😊 Geez, I should wait til the end to post... Wow, a shell or crust of material then a complete separation from the next layer, what about multiple alternating water/crust layers on an exoplanet beyond our craziest sci-fi dreams.... This must be one of the coolest times to be alive in my opinion, as far as learning soooooo many things and being able to access it or even contribute to the discovery in many cases! I like it! 😊

[@JoesPalace]

The 1981 film Outland with Sean Connery is about a mining operation on IO but not sure what they were mining? Does IO have any minerals worth mining other than sulpher?

[@jaweddeshmukh7729]

Sulfur is common on earth. I doubt it will be feasible to mine on another solar system body

[@Chris.Davies]

Stuff at the bottom of a gravity well really only has value inside that gravity well. Mining in space will be restricted to ultra-low gravity NEOs where getting material to where it's needed is very cheap. Just as space mining will never benefit earth, and for just the same reason.

[@Bartjebom_73]

Best video's in this KZbin 🎉

[@aaronpettigrew9674]

A lander to a lava tube on Io, sponsored by the Golf Channel!

[@serbannicolau3489]

Great show, Fraser. I have a question: If we could make the moon spin in order to experience 24 hours day on the moon would it be a constant feature of the moon or revert to tidal locking? If it would revert to tidal locking how long it will take? Would the reverting span be dependent of the direction of rotation or be the same?

[@filonin2]

This is going to take some math. After doing the math, it would take roughly the amount of energy the Sun outputs in one second to increase the rotation of the Moon that much and it's about half the amount you would need to entirely melt the Moon. I'm not going to do the math on the tidal locking but yes it would probably happen again. It would lengthen the Earth's day and make the Moon retreat from the Earth even faster, eventually ending in locking at a further distance out or possibly even escape with that much extra energy. That math is WAY beyond my pay grade though. Just the rotational energy math took me like a half hour.

[@KepleroGT]

​​@@filonin2Entire energy output of the Sun: 3.8*10²⁶ W Kinetic energy of the moon spinning every day: 2.3*10²⁶ J Yeah, that's a lot of energy man. Well in this case we're assuming that the inertia of the moon is that of a uniform sphere which obviously isn't true, but this is for anyone who wanted some numbers

[@PoleTooke]

23:27 that is SO close to the surface omg

[@NunoPereira.]

IO is at about the same distance from Jupiter than the Moon is from Earth. Thus challenging extreme radiation both for humans and for any hardware.

[@everettputerbaugh3996]

Landing on Io may need DU armor just to survive for a while? [Just to help the analytics.]

[@nicholashylton6857]

It blew my mind when I saw the first Voyager images of Io as a kid in the '80s.

[@revmsj]

Good shit! I’ve got my toboggan ready so let’s go!

[@NerdishNature]

As a destiny 2 player I appreciate the efforts to find Asher ❤

[@PoleTooke]

33:18 His reaction is how to know you're talking to a true expert 😂😂😂 "it would. To some extent. To do it? *heavy laughter* " (absolutely no sarcasm. This is absolutely clearly a man who has wrestled with this a LOT.)

[@Ali1961-b9s]

A good location to see sulphur eruptions is Kamchatka. I don't know why they didn't mention that. Hardly any sulphur on Iceland.

[@BizzoBoudreau-r6c]

Ahhh AWESOMENESS

[@JamesCairney]

This was good

[@ioanbota9397]

Really its so interestyng this video I like

[@rJaune]

Does Io have "seasons" dealing with how its tilt compared to Jupiter affects the magma ocean and volcanic events?

[@Uhtred-the-bold]

Nothing else looks like Io in the entire solar system

[@ericsmith6394]

I wonder if The Expanse had it wrong? Maybe a geothermal plant on Io is the way to go instead of giant mirrors around Ganymede. It sounds like there's nearly infinite geothermal power to be had on Io. Maybe you don't live there, but you could expoort the energy to make an artificial sun for another moon. It doesn't need to be be nearly as powerful as the actual sun. Basically just a grow-light directed at the farms on the other moon.

[@KadariAnirudh]

great video fraser man

[@NeonVisual]

Vulcanologist, the study of Vulcans. 🖖

[@rJaune]

In the search for exomoons, could we infer the existence of exo-Ios by some signature of an exo-Jupiter's magnetic field?

[@BiohazardPL]

Question: I've learned today, on a different channel, that there is posiibility, that there are primordial black holes in the centers of some stars. If a star irradiates energy in every direction, outside and inside, and if in a core of a star will be a black hole irradiating energy outside, there will be many collisions of high energy atoms. May it explain high metallicity of some stars?

[@alexisdespland4939]

how many vlocanoes are there on erth, mars, or venus.

[@Tehom1]

"He is a Vulcan..." "He is? Whoa! It's about time the Vulcans started pulling their weight instead leaving all the science to Humans." "...ologist"

[@Nolan1410]

Would placing life on Mars help with efforts of terraforming the planet?

[@Fromatic]

why would the radiation be so much worse on the surface of Io compared to in orbit? Assuming that is what was meant when they mentioned it as an issue for a lander which didnt seem to be a concern for some kind of orbiter explorer

[@Fromatic]

@smeeself surprised Io would be emitting so much radiation

[@Fromatic]

@smeeself got you, I would have thought something on the surface of Io would get more protection from Jupiter's radiation due to the moons rotation meaning anything on the surface would spend half it's time protected from Jupiter by the moon itself, compared to something orbiting Io as they were discussing which would probably never be shielded from Jupiter by Io, or at most have very brief moments where it falls into Io's shadow if it was orbiting very very low

[@Fromatic]

@smeeself I see, that all sounds reasonable

[@seditt5146]

I been thinking a lot about these Lava tubes on these various planets and wonder, is there any possibility of an Endosphere of sorts( Atmosphere inside the tubes)? If these run large enough and deep enough Vapor pressure of various gasses should cause them to start to build up and we figure our Atmosphere is roughly 50-90km of gas pressure to the vacuum of space so with something like this if there was a perfect vertical column for the sake of argument a few tens of KM down would we start to see a stabilization as "atmospheric pressures at the bottom should be far larger than on the surface no? It would take relatively little energy due to the vacuum to turn various things like water, CO2 or Nitrogen Ice into a vapor. Hell, sublimation accomplishes it in many cases. What of our moon? If we put an Aluminum plant deep in something like this what would result from just venting the Oxygen directly into the interior of one of these large tubes. Convection is not really a thing and there is no real wind so only solar winds over the relatively small surface area of the opening is the only main loss. IDK, its a bit of a shower thought but has really got my mind wondering if these are far more complex inside than expected. I started considering this ever since I seen what looks like wet dark spots that regularly appear over tubes on the moon. Could they really be water slowly making its way to the top as convection heat through the rock hits patches of ice and increases vapor pressure until a simple transient atmosphere forms inside. The more it heats and melts the easier it would be for it to heat and melt.

[@adirmugrabi]

~300 volcanos. that is a lot less than i assumed. that's not a lot at all, for an entire moon that's about a quarter the diameter of earth

[@BrettonFerguson]

"Maybe all the volcanoes are connected by a Global Magma Ocean" I'm going to start calling the Earth's mantle a Global Magma Ocean. 🤦‍♂

[@ematthew71]

Are there silicate based whales on IO? Do they daydream of a Dragonfly mission to Earth?

[@davesilkstone6912]

Could the radiation environment on IO be used as a power source?

[@Noqtis]

No

[@davesilkstone6912]

@@Noqtis Why ?

[@Noqtis]

@@davesilkstone6912 Because radiation isn't a power source of itself. It is used to generate heat, which is used to harness electricity. You need very specific nuclear material to make it work. If all that is needed to make energy would be an environment with high radiation, people wouldn't make such a big deal about Chernobyl and just build a plant on it. You also don't need to go that far to get into high radiation environments. You can find high radiation environments in earths mantel. Or just leave earths atmosphere. Ever heard of the 'Van Allen radiation belt'? What ever you wanna build on Io to generate energy, just make it on the moon. Space is a high radiation environment of itself.

[@triskeliand]

? @28:40, like flying through a whales plume to gather it's biome.

[@Attila_Beregi]

Love Death + Robots s3e03 - The Very Pulse of the Machine ;)

[@darthjarwood7943]

Like snowflakes are the bodies in our solar system...i wonder how far out we would have to go to find a twin for any of them...almost as if each system is being ran by sulpher and co2 generating plantoids and moons or whatever is needed for that system...maybe that is how you make and maintain a solar system...maybe we will make our own solar systems one day

[@themaestrodihoc]

hasn't happened yet or abstracts

[@BMichaelNeal]

The ultimate Space Race would be catching up to the Voyagers, to either resupply power, or to destroy them for reasons of confirmed Alien threats. Let's go! What say you?

[@mihan2d]

Question for Fraser: do you personally think that we already know most of everything there is to know about spacetime and cosmology or do you think there is an entire hidden chapter or chapters of physics and cosmology (much like Mass Effect for those acquainted) which holds a potential to allow us one day to manipulate gravity, create an FTL method of interstellar travel, possibly even reverse entropy or do other things which today seem unthinkable? I personally believe we don't even know one tenth of everything about physics, but curious about your opinion.

[@XXplosiveUK]

We know nothing. It's all perception on our part. Just because it's how we see things doesn't mean we know anything, we just know that's how we perceive what we observe

[@Mr.Anders0n_]

​@@XXplosiveUKif we know nothing, how do you know we know nothing? That's a contradictory statement. If you know nothing, that's on you. The rest of humanity has discovered and learned a lot.

[@XXplosiveUK]

Our reality is just our perception. It dosnt make it the truth.. most science, although fascinating, it's just theory based on our perception. Human ego dosnt like to be wrong. Regardless of how hard that is to hear and believe it's very true. We just describe what our brain makes us believe we see and experience as our real and then we try to explain those things with theories. The fact that our perception of physics breaks down and does not work at quantum levels says it all. You can't be wrong at the bottom and right at the top. We as a species will never understand everything, I think that's a good thing and I also think it's how it's meant to be.

[@Mr.Anders0n_]

@@XXplosiveUK that's a pointless philosophical argument that's you're presenting as facts.

[@XXplosiveUK]

We have 5 very limited senses...you expect us to perceive and experience the whole universe in every way possible with those 5 senses? Impossible. We can only see and experience things we are equipped for...we really ain't such a big deal in the grand scheme of things and not as advanced and as clever as you like to believe

[@Mr.Anders0n_]

"Io has a core of iron and and iron sulfide, what does this sound like? A mantle of partially molten rock, Io is a sulfur rich moon, what does this sound like? Io’s metallic core generates a magnetic field connecting its own poles with the poles of Jupiter, what does this sound like? Io’s volcanoes emit sulfur dioxide and oxygen, what does this sound like? Rotating field, magnetosphere, sulfure ions, circular orbit, what does this sound like?"

[@tactileslut]

It always depends on what you're listening with.

[@Mr.Anders0n_]

@@tactileslut this is a quote from Death, Love, and Robots S03E03 (The Very Plus of the Machine). I just love that episode and couldn't help thinking of those lines. If you watch it, you'll see it's very poetic.

[@TeethToothman]

🫀🖤🫀

[@limabravo6065]

Yeah those other boring moons with their boring liquid water oceans that probably harbor life, who care about them let's look at the celestial firecracker

[@robertnewhart3547]

"MaayG-Mah". (Magma)

[@everettputerbaugh3996]

Don't talk too much trash about Musk... Starship may be able to get tow or three missions to low earth where much less fuel is needed to get off (especially if they insert a second stage?) to the other planets...

[@palmereldrich]

Should have Io images overlaid what the Dr. talks about. Shame there.

[@theboathaaa7654]

It wouldn’t be worth it to pay an editor to overlay a new image or clip every 30 seconds, let alone for an interview that would require a new piece of digital art or a computer generated clip every minute. And to do so at a budget where it still makes sense for Frasier to keep running a KZbin channel as a job. I much prefer just googling to find any visual aid I want, and continuing to consume these interviews at the absolutely rabid rate in which they are released.

[@JamesJones-bc3jp]

First off, I want to say yes, the concrete ever where it was bad, and yes, SpaceX should be fined too for it! I'm sure they were just no. Nobody is talking about it..! You know what else is bad of or on you? Is you, you asking for my money ever video in some way or another it's getting old. You In some way want us all to either to sponsor you or some go-fund me here you go-fund me there our page here or go-fund this or something or someone else there.. I get that you need some help. Some extra employees for this or that. But asking this as an introduction it is getting old TBH IT'S GETTING OLD go funded me here there. I feel like you are begging like a pan handlers on the street corner. You are and can reach out to many more people not asking. We get it you want this to be a business, but stop, we know how it works. You are and keep talking about you, and needing that this 1% funding it is old, slow up some. Slow up on trying to get all of it please, it will come just putting all of the work and great content you put out there for us all, and it will come.

[@edstauffer426]

Was wing Wednesday at the local pub and I was watching this video. My question is it legal to cast it to the smart tv in our area of the pub. Someone else was interested in what I was watching. Dark matter is circulating in the solar system and may be the power source of the future Dark matter phase transitions could be a primary climate driver. If the solar system passes through an area of higher liquid dark matter content the planets cores would all receive more heat due to increased phase transitions thus heating the earth from the inside out. Heating of the planet from the inside out would result in : Increased ground temperatures Increased sea temperatures Increased nighttime temperatures Increased seismic activity Increased earthquakes We are currently passing through the S1 dark Matter stream Dec 12 2016 Venus Mercury alignment Venus atmospheric tsunami rotation slowed Dec1 2018 Venus Mercury alignment tsunami rotation slowed June 3 18:00 2020 +0 29 North Venus Earth conjunction VENUS TSUNAMI facing the Earth day 1 July 2020 Siberian heatwave and Antarctica temperature spike Jan 9 01:00 2022 +4 51 North Venus Earth conjunction VENUS TSUNAMI facing the Earth and the planets were slightly closer than the last conjunction 585 days March 18 2022 Concordia Station spiked 39 C degrees due to unusual air patterns near Australia North Pole regions hit 30C above normal Aug 13 11:00 2023 -7 41 south Venus Earth conjunction VENUS TSUNAMI was past the outward deflection and on its way back 1166 days Oct 28 predict a major heat release in the Arctic and Antarctic due to combined tidal affects on the dark matter sphere around the sun in combination with the movement of the barycentre of the Earths location. VENUS TSUNAMI was facing the side and the distance between the planets was further DATES TO WATCH for tsunami rotation ?? Pre and post rotation rates are needed Jan 16-25. 2024 Mercury Venus alignment Mar 07-20 2024 Mercury Jupiter alignment Venus Mars alignment Apr 11-18 2024 Mercury Earth alignment Jupiter Uranus alignment May 20-28 Venus Jupiter Uranus alignment Mercury Mars Saturn ? Neptune ? June 15-23 Mercury Venus alignment Venus atmospheric temperatures from 2009-2017 also were higher after conjunctions Venus atmospheric rotation takes 4 days - atmospheric tsunami takes on average 5 (4.9?) days to circle Venus since 1986 this could be caused by an offset dark mater sphere as a result of wobble induced by overflow of LDM every 5 days when the sphere is closest to the sun. This departing kick is what keeps the offset between Venus and its dark matter sphere which then accumulates LDM for 5 more days. The interval from the data I found varies from 4-6 days the 6 day stretch was after the 2022 conjunction which may have depleted its dark matter reserves resulting in a slower tsunami rotation. The clouds at that level take 5.7 days to circle the planet (tsunami speed = 328 kph) NASA issued a climate change warning for Mars after Mariner 9 Neptune has been heating up since 2018 In May have a liquid lava center? Can tidal heating heat a liquid center.

[@frasercain]

Of course, do it. That would be cool.

[@rabindramishra00]

Yep, we definitely need an Orbiter, Lander and a Rover dedicated to Io!! @NASA, @ESA, @JAXA, @ISRO and @CSNA, please put together a mission!! It’s time Humanity started taking Solar system exploration to the next level!!

[@seditt5146]

@Fraser Cain I have a Question about JWST and data transmission. Does the JWST have any problems getting the signal back to Earth given the fact that the moon is always in the way? How do we go about getting information from it? Is there a relay system of sorts or do some of our Satellites have line of sight to it?

[@seditt5146]

Its the L2 for Earth Sun? Yeah guess that makes sense. IDKY My brain just been thinking it was between Earth/Moon for whatever reason keeping the moon in between us at all times but in retrospect it makes more sense now@smeeself

[@pauloferreira6813]

Why so much volcanic activity on Io? Is Io a young moon, therfore experiencing such geological activities?

[@RandomStuff-dl1gd]

Tidal forces from orbital resonance

[@frauleinhohenzollern]

Titan is an enigma also.. How does it have an atmosphere let alone such a dense atmosphere?? And all you hear are vague ideas like "something replenishes the atmosphere". Okay, but how? Where is all this material coming from and how is it not depleted?

[@frasercain]

It's very far away from the Sun, so solar wind and solar radiation don't deplete it. That's why all the ice moons can exist.

[@AceSpadeThePikachu]

I.O. is such a fascinating object. It's mind-boggling to imagine we basically have a real Mustafar in our own Solar System (Two Mustafars if Venus is still volcanically active.) Though the high ground wouldn't help Obi Wan much on either of them.