National Anthem of the Kingdom of Italy: "Marcia Reale d'Ordinanza" (1861-1943 1944-1946) [4K]

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⟪National Anthem⟫
The "Marcia Reale d'Ordinanza" in English "Royal Ordinance March" was the national anthem of the Kingdom of Italy between 1861 and 1946. It was composed in 1831 by Giuseppe Gabetti at the order of Carlos Alberto de Sardinia as the anthem of the House Royal of Savoy, together with the national anthem of Sardinia.
With the unification and foundation of the Kingdom of Italy under King Victor Emmanuel II, in 1861, the Marcia Reale became the Italian national anthem.
Since the Royal March is an exclusively instrumental composition, there is no official text.
⟪History⟫
The "Regno d'Italia" in English "Kingdom of Italy" was established in 1861 after a long process of unification known as the "Risorgimento". Under the leadership of prominent figures such as Giuseppe Garibaldi and Camillo di Cavour, most of the Italian states were unified under the constitutional reign of Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy. The initial capital was Turin, then moved to Florence and finally settled in Rome in 1871.
Following unification, Italy experienced a period of modernization and industrialization. Economic development was encouraged, infrastructures were improved, railways were built and education was promoted to boost the country's growth.
In politics, Italy faced internal challenges and tensions, leading to frequent changes in government and difficulties in achieving lasting political stability. This affected the implementation of reforms and the coherent development of the country.
During World War I, Italy joined the Allied Powers in 1915, fighting against the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. The conflict left a deep mark on the country, with significant human losses and internal tensions.
In the 1920s, Italy faced an economic and political crisis. Taking advantage of popular discontent, Benito Mussolini and his National Fascist Party came to power in 1922 through the "March on Rome." Mussolini established an authoritarian and totalitarian regime, abolished political freedoms, and suppressed the opposition. He promoted strong Italian nationalism and expansionist policies, such as the 1935 invasion of Ethiopia.
Italy joined the Axis in World War II in 1940, siding with National Socialist Germany. However, the country suffered a series of military defeats, leading to the collapse of the Fascist regime in 1943. Mussolini was ousted and arrested, and southern Italy was liberated by Allied forces.
After World War II, Italy abolished the monarchy in 1946 through a referendum, opting to establish the Italian Republic on June 2, 1946.
0:08-0:26 Italian unification
0:28-0:41 Reign of Umberto I
0:34-0:38 First Italo-Ethiopian War
0:47-0:50 Italo-Turkish War
0:59-1:14 World War I
1:18-1:38 Fascist Regime
1:23-1:30 Second Italo-Ethiopian War
1:31-1:42 World War II
0:42-1:41 Reign of Victor Emmanuel III
1:43-1:55 Reign of Umberto II