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The nuragic bronzetto, called in Sardinian language "brunzìttu nuragicu" or "nuraghesu" or "nuraxesu", is a bronze sculpture typical of Sardinia in the final phase of the Bronze Age and the early Iron Age.
During the archaeological excavations, more than 500 small bronzes were found over time, mainly in places of worship such as giants' tombs, sacred wells, in the nuragic megara, in the villages and in the same nuraghi.
The function of these bronze miniatures was in fact that of "ex voto" comparable to the candle that the Christian lights in the church with the hope that his "requests to God" will be granted.
Numerous Sardinian statuettes have also been found in excavations carried out in central Italy and precisely in the Etruscan tombs dating back to 900 ~ 700 BC.
Archaeologists have not yet been able to date the figures precisely: they are assumed to have been made between 900 BC and the 500 BC; however of the recent finds near Orroli and
Ballao of fragments of small bronzes dating back to 1300 BC they questioned their actual dating.
The nuragic bronzes were created with the "lost wax" technique, a complex process that required manual skill and an extraordinary precision, also used by the Phoenicians.
The method consisted of creating the object with wax, to then be covered with clay and cooked in the fire. The wax melted and came out, leaving the same shape as the model inside the terracotta.
At this point the liquid bronze that assumed the same shape as the wax model was poured into the form; once cooled it was enough to break the earthenware to obtain the small bronze.
The statuettes represented scenes of daily life of the Nuragic populations, especially those of the upper classes.
We have warriors with swords, daggers and bows, tribal chiefs, deities, animals like cattle, sheep, deer, wild boar, dogs, but also objects of daily life such as miniature weapons, vases, chariots.
A figure of particular importance is the so-called "Madonna with child", a bronze representation of the Nuragic "Goddess Mother".
She appears sitting in a Neolithic throne, with the child sitting in her legs and represents the mother of the Nuraghic warriors, a figure closer to the human, to the incarnate Goddess.
Other very significant statuettes are the so-called votive ships. Their purpose was to accompany the soul of the deceased on the eternal journey, but they also represented a votive offering through fire, since inside the spaceship they were inserted of the burning embers transforming it into a lamp.
Beyond their religious significance, the nuragic navicelle are among the best examples of bronzetti for artistic refinement and represent true scale models of both prehistoric and historical boats, demonstrating the great knowledge of the sea and the art of marine Nuragic populations.
The styles of bronzes so far found can be grouped into three currents: that of Monte Arcosu, that of Abini-Teti and that of Barbaricina.
The current of Monte Arcosu (Uta) is characterized by a geometric shape with cylindrical heads, large eyes and a stylized and strictly geometric body; this type of artifact looks like
represent the aristocracy and the nobility.
The style of Abini-Teti is similar to the previous one even though the figures are less geometric and seem more oriental, they wear headdresses with long horns or spikes, sometimes they have a flattened head and one has 4 eyes, perhaps a demon-warrior.
The Barbaricino style is completely different from the previous ones: it appears more popular and more real, with figures of people and animals that recall everyday life.
The most beautiful collections can be admired in the Archaeological Museum of Cagliari, in the G. A. Sanna Museum in Sassari and in the museums of Nuoro and Oristano as well as in the local museums where the main archaeological sites of the island are located.
SOURCES and FURTHER INFORMATION:
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