Oldest Qur'an Manuscripts

Oldest Bible Manuscripts:
• Oldest Bible Manuscripts
Sana'a Manuscript:
• What do the Sana'a Man...
Islamic Prophets Family Tree:
• Islamic Prophets Famil...
Muhammad Family Tree:
• Muhammad Family Tree
CREDITS
This video was written and produced by Syawish Rehman from the channel Al Muqaddimah: / @almuqaddimahyt
Intro music "Lord of the Land" by Kevin MacLeod and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution license 4.0. incompetech.com

[@passerby9255]

2nd script in surah baqarah verses 265-271 1st script: last page of Al kahf (The cave) and last page of Maryam (Mary) and 1st page of Taha 😇

[@nu-nisamiracle2401]

And have you ever hear the story of musa..

[@ibnumubarokeib]

Prophet musa story much better from our religi than other story.. im muslim yo..

[@ibnumubarokeib]

@@pauljoseph562 flyng carpet, it's child story/legend for sleep.. please separated legend and story from Qur'an and hadits. dont take seriously.. peace..

[@Kashanta]

That blue and gold copy looks wonderful! I can only imagine how eye-catching that would've been to see in someone's book collection. Also that blue bible, which was a neat side note to learn about.

[@treubuchet]

I thought the same.

[@denizbeytekin9853]

It is Babillion style

[@Aminharp1]

That Quran is in TUnisia in Kairouan

[@AC-mp7cx]

May Allah guide you

[@rebasingh258]

All of these qurans are have texts which differ from each other

[@ianfitzpatrick2230]

The aqquyunlu Quran looks absolutely incredible what a tremendous work of art wow.

[@clintonjoy5920]

Quran studies Jihadism & terror towards to Christianity & Judaism. It is the religion dis covers war crimes in Arabian peninsula

[@FlyingAlfredoSaucer]

Yeah a lot of Quran editions look very beautiful.

[@pinkbunny6272]

Went to a exposition about Islamic art, it was a dream come true! Oh how it shines, how it twirls around!

[@whysoreligious2657]

“Beautiful” but not true

[@mdaslam6337]

@@whysoreligious2657 Beautiful and true from cover to cover.

[@MrZiZoo1]

It's an amazing feeling that I can read the oldest copy of the Quran!

[@basharatali9946]

It is same no difference except the copy being old

[@AA-pi5ui]

@@basharatali9946 that’s what the OP is saying

[@superhydra8873]

​@@basharatali9946 different dialect though

[@berradaleonardo5417]

The oldest one that still exists

[@haithamali3228]

@@superhydra8873 nope. identical to what I read every Friday

[@teacupanimates]

as a muslim from egypt, this is very interesting! also thank you for speaking with an arabic accent when pronouncing arabic words

[@schlurpie]

i saw some qur'an manuscripts in the louvre abu dhabi and they're works of art!

[@Normal_user_coniven]

I saw in the news that they Bought the Bermingham copy temporarily.

[@truthonly2453]

Exactly...art. It gets even better when you read the content....then it becomes psychopathic art.

[@djelalhassan7631]

@@truthonly2453If you please can you read the content and show us the psychopathic art

[@user-fr1bm8bx3v]

I don't know about others, but in Indonesia, all those memorized Qur'an spend 2 hours reciting 2 out of 30 juz(partition of the quran) everyday as to preserve their memorization. That's excluding recitation in main and supplicant prayer.

[@muhammedkoroglu6544]

That’s impressive

[@azrazkitchen1597]

in india we recite 3 to 5 juz depending on the age specially may allah accept all our recitation and prayers

[@fleunteur]

Am Indonesian too Can read quran once im at 6 or 7 And am quite proud about it lol cuz my friend can do same thing 2 years after me

[@cocadoodledoo6346]

Make sure you folks don't lack on the general education though, otherwise you'll be a jobless hobo.

[@abdulrahmanalenezi8879]

In Mecca and Madinah you could see hundreds of 6-10 years old memorize the Quran everyday and get tested on it inside the mosques. I’m from Kuwait but when I was at that age I used to go there every summer and memorize the Quran with them. I ended up memorizing almost all of it, 27 out of 30

[@acarbonbasedlifeform70]

2:37 I'm proud to say that I just saw the Samarkand Manuscript today, with my own eyes. And if I hadn't seen this video before, I wouldn't have understood the real importance of that relic. Thanks for this video, and hello from Uzbekistan!

[@user-zr2kd3zj7g]

assalomu alaykum hi bro

[@sprad539]

Wait you just commented on the poll of height. You are 6ft arent you 😂

[@macsoylu1076]

Merhaba Kardeşim, bende gördüm, aslında 4 nüsha ve osman nüshalarından biri

[@LetsBeClear87]

Thank you for this enlightening presentation. Amazing as always

[@giordy9013]

I really love this series, keep going, it's so interesting, more in depth video would be awesome

[@gideonjudges7]

Never expected the name of Alphonse Mingana to come up! For the Syriac/Chaldean traditions of Catholicism, he was responsible for translating some of the works of one of the Syriac Fathers--Mar Theodore of Mopsuestia--into English (his writings were often overlooked because of Justinian and Constantinople II...) Will have to read more about him!

[@TheMuslimApologist]

Mingana had an interest in the study of Islam.

[@AC-mp7cx]

May Allah guide you

[@DeanFirth]

Love this channel. Such even handed and well thought out laying out of the facts.

[@margaritakryuchkov9894]

Most of what the Muslim stated about the Holy New Testament was *not* factual!!!

[@israfilangel8062]

@@margaritakryuchkov9894 it was factual and what does that got to do with this video?!

[@AstroPickle]

This was really good! Thank you!

[@jacquespoulemer3577]

Thank you Syawish Rehman for this most interesting history of the Quran. Besides the historical importance many of these volumes are works of art. btw your French pronunciation was just fine...the German would have made the Kaiser's armies tremble 😄 All the best from Mexico JP

[@HamTransitHistory]

5:57 See, when you 'find it in a mosque', I'm pretty sure that's called stealing

[@jmiquelmb]

Or bribing, or a combination of those two

[@Mohtellawi]

Hhhhhh good point there!

[@blackshirtsocialist1457]

Lol probably yes they stole it

[@juba2516]

well said

[@berdigylychrejepbayev7503]

that's not stealing if Westerner founds something which is owned by someone else ;)

[@titosalman7252]

Danke für die tolle Arbeit

[@royssche]

as a muslim child i used to memorize the Short Verses of the Quran far before i start to learn about arabic Scripts. And that's how Quran transmitted from generation to generation

[@taglem714]

Are u from central asia or russia?

[@royssche]

@@taglem714 Nope... I'm Indonesian, my Account Name and Picture is Alexander Romanov... The main Vilain in Red Alert 2 (Video Game)

[@e-college-sait]

If it is true that the koran was transmitted by oral means and then written down, printed, then how is it that we have 32 different arabic korans today?

[@nu-nisamiracle2401]

@@e-college-sait ask any random muslim you could find in any part of the earth to recite a surah or a verse from The Qur'an.. all of them would recite the same recitation.. The Revelation, The Qur'an, is the recitation, not the book itself.. You watch too much phobes video in youtube.. there is only 1 Qur'an..

[@e-college-sait]

@@nu-nisamiracle2401 that is not the issue. There are multiple versions of the Koran in Arabic. All claiming to be the original. They are available in a whole range of Muslim bookstores. So there is no denial possible.

[@hegamal]

Lovely compilation.I believe you missed one important old Quran, the one of Cairo in El Mashhad El Husseini library which dates to probably end of second century -770 to 790. Very good work. I follow u ardently.

[@johndoeiii9767]

Really interesting, and informative!

[@robertschlesinger1342]

Very interesting, informative and worthwhile video.

[@curtisdaniel9294]

As usual, you have presented a Fascinating Subject in a well done format. Thank You for this. I am always interested In learning more about how humanity 's various documents, books, religious texts, et cetera came to us.

[@marioluigi9599]

The very first picture he's got up with the Arabic in different colours, that's TURKISH translations for the Arabic underneath it looool. I wonder if he thought it was just how to pronounce that Arabic writing in English. Lol that's definitely NOT how to pronounce it.

[@FrancescoCostaMerlara]

About translations, there is also an italian "translation" made in northern Italy in 1547, called "L'Alcorano di Macometto".

[@dersitzpinkler2027]

Matt, thank you for having Syawish on. His channel is far underrated! Great work, all!

[@iamseamonkey6688]

considering how difficult dye was to acquire and use in the pre-industrial world the blue quran was probably the most ornate and luxurious text that existed in that part of the world when it was made.

[@allangibson8494]

Blue was almost exclusively produced from ultramarine (ground lapis lazuli (a gemstone)). By definition expensive.

[@abdo-dr1tu]

@@allangibson8494 It was still available, but if someone wore something that requires chemical processing like purple they were RICH.

[@allangibson8494]

@@abdo-dr1tu Lapis Lazuli was and still is mined in Afghanistan as pretty much the only source. Afghanistan was no safer in 1CE than 2021CE… So restricted, hand carried supplies were a given.

[@sajid279]

Daily 5 times prayer and recitation of quranic chapters in each prayer... Is the best evidence of preservation of quran...

[@TetrahedronIX]

Only 3 daily prayers are found in th quran

[@sajid279]

@@TetrahedronIX You didnt understand what it meant

[@TetrahedronIX]

@@sajid279 I bet you never read it yourself and telling me I don't understand it. In the Quran, there’s is no direct naming of the five prayers. It does not say pray Fajr, Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib and Isha salah. Nowhere in the Quran does it say this explicitly. People's diffing interpretations are clarifid by Hadith

[@sajid279]

@@TetrahedronIX I have read it never says three salah anywhere...either... Quran and Hadith are our two sources....

[@adnanadill]

*Where is the oldest Hindu books claimed to be oldest* ? Oldest Vedas composed and written by Ved Vyasa about 50,000 years back 4 Vedas today consist of 12,000 pages written by tiny computer fonts Ved Vyasa never saw never met God but fabricated it with meditation and dream work *Think of 12.000 pages of dream work???* *Mahabharata written by a Sanskrit writing An elephant Ganesh with its Tooth as Pen and trunk as Hand* Who never saw and never met Krishan the hero of the book. Mahabharata /Gita is about 6000 pages in tiny Computer fonts some 40,000 years back. Ramayana written by Dakoo/Dacoit Walt Mickey / Valmiki like saint Paul, who never met and never saw Ram the main character of book. *All those Hindu book were written in Cave mans age or Primitive age, when still gods was cloth less or leaves wrapped like Shiva Vishnu Brahma Ram and Krishna.*

[@treubuchet]

I love this presentation, it is so well presented and at a pace that is easy to digest. I cannot read Arabic but I do feel there is something quite holy about the script, especially when appearing the Qur'an. Thank you.

[@mohammedwhylie9224]

watch CIRA international they expose islam

[@treubuchet]

@@mohammedwhylie9224 Thank you and whilst I am open to learning, this is not the type of learning that appeals to me.

[@mohammedwhylie9224]

@@treubuchet sure not important at all

[@treubuchet]

@@mohammedwhylie9224 to me it is not. However, if you could support by balancing it with similar to counter the other two Abrahamic/Ibrahimic religions, then I might. If not, I sense an agenda that makes me uncomfortable.

[@mohammedwhylie9224]

@@treubuchet the qurans (37+ different ones) being books filled with stupidity like a flat earth, sky that can fall on earth, a sunsetting in a waterpool, and so on, should matter>?

[@shadabkhan]

Excellent work Syawish.

[@margaritakryuchkov9894]

How is it excellent when most of what he stated about the Holy New Testament is *not* factual??!!

[@rashidsalis619]

@@margaritakryuchkov9894 Syawish is from the Islamic history channel Al Muqaddamah, he only talks about Islam, he was invited by this channel to talk about this

[@margaritakryuchkov9894]

@@rashidsalis619 He opened his stupid mouth about the Holy New Testament!!!

[@adnanadill]

*Where is the oldest Hindu books claimed to be oldest* ? Oldest Vedas composed and written by Ved Vyasa about 50,000 years back 4 Vedas today consist of 12,000 pages written by tiny computer fonts Ved Vyasa never saw never met God but fabricated it with meditation and dream work *Think of 12.000 pages of dream work???* *Mahabharata written by a Sanskrit writing An elephant Ganesh with its Tooth as Pen and trunk as Hand* Who never saw and never met Krishan the hero of the book. Mahabharata /Gita is about 6000 pages in tiny Computer fonts some 40,000 years back. Ramayana written by Dakoo/Dacoit Walt Mickey / Valmiki like saint Paul, who never met and never saw Ram the main character of book. *All those Hindu book were written in Cave mans age or Primitive age, when still gods was cloth less or leaves wrapped like Shiva Vishnu Brahma Ram and Krishna.*

[@oyungogdfrust4136]

@@adnanadillwhy are you talking about hinduism in an islamic comment section, nobody’s converting to hinduism by you answering random questions about it

[@treekangaroo.7691]

it would be cool to continue this series with other holy books

[@passerby9255]

I am so proud of my self, as an Asian Muslim from Turkistan i easily read the 2nd and the 1st manuscripts which were the oldest. The remaining 6 i had diffifculty and tried so hard but couldnt! Its so amazing that i was able to read the scripts that were closer to the Prophets time than being able to read newer scripts found 😇😂 Miracle or what!

[@isatubarrie9145]

Wow! How are you able to read it? 😮

[@passerby9255]

@@isatubarrie9145 So, i memorized the whole Quran in Arabic, that made it easier for me to read. But im still upset i couldnt read the remaining 6 scripts though 🤷🥲

[@AliensKillDevils.]

Please believe in Holy Maria, she is real. She is a real Virgin. Never married or had kids. Her 3 missions since alive till now: 1. help abandoned baby; 2. help the girl who was cheated, virginity is taken, going for Suicide, she saves them; and 3. help homeless Kids. Bible and Quran are Martian Jewish colonisation books for Earth to grab land, create war, manipulate and slave Earth beings. Jesus Christ is NOT Holy Maria‘s kid. Jesus is a fictional character. In the Bible, they even want to colonise Himalaya. No one should transfer their karma to others. No one should take another‘s karma. Each soul is unique. Take responsibility for own. Jewish are real Martians either reborn on Earth or fly directly to Earth via Flying Saucer. They are NOT originally from Earth, that is why they have land conflict problem. On Bible, they even want to occupy Himalaya. No Quaran. No Bible. No Jesus. Holy Maria is real. Holy Maria helps abandoned babies, cheated suicidal girls, homeless kids. Enjoy Sunshine and Please be Vegan, no animal’s eggs, animal’s milk, animal’s cheese, animal’s butter, and insect’s honey.

[@passerby9255]

@@AliensKillDevils. With all due respect, are you referring to the Virgin Mary mother of Jesus? Because i do believe she existed as a holy and noble woman. I love her and respect her so much for her devotion to GOD ALMIGHTY. So, i'm kind of confused about what you're talking about Mary.

[@haithamali3228]

@@isatubarrie9145 This brother is non Arab and he can read it. I can read them all no problem, we still write like this today in book titles, certificates, wedding invitations and other special productions

[@mohammadayubkhan1921]

Thank you for such a valuable information. You should have also included when and where the print Quran appeared.

[@binarysunsetoftwins9166]

Omg, I study history in Tübingen! Never knew this, great to have such an important piece of history there! btw, your pronunciation was pretty funny;)

[@muntekald7419]

Quran comes to us unchanged by memorization not necessarily a book copy. Allah preserves in the hearts of believers, that’s why there is only one copy of the Quran.

[@Jotaros_Deen]

@Benjamin Iota 1) The Ahruf you refer to are the seven dialects of the tribes of Mecca and Medina, Rasoolallah SAW said that the Quran has been revealed in 7 tongues, so recite which is easiest ( see Bukhari 4992) 2) Hafs and Warsh are two types of Qiraat or recitation which stem from the 7 Ahruf, if you watch a quran recitation competition they tell you which qiraat they will be reading from- Hafs is the more commonly used one. 3) Uthman ibn Affan AS burned those copies circulating around Persia because they were written by non Arabs, thus they had mistakes and errors, so he gathered all the copies, burned the pages that had errors or would burn the entire thing and rewrite it from scratch.

[@muntekald7419]

@Benjamin Iota all these qurans you’re talking about, have MINIMAL differences that wouldn’t even change the context. Further, what 99% of Muslims around the world are using Quran, this is the one, leave the other as even Muslims to look at them.

[@muntekald7419]

@Benjamin Iota I do believe there have been tries to reword some of the Quran to change it, but again, they never succeeded and never will, cuz again million do memorize it, it is UNCHANGEABLE.

[@bambus3095]

@@muntekald7419 These Minimal differences you are talking about are the for example German or Swedish translations thats why we have to recite the holy Quran in Arabic

[@phiuzu5487]

@Benjamin Iota those are merely dialectical differences lol. They don't even alter or distort the contextuality of even a single verse in the Quran. As for Uthman, he burned some copies cause some of the scribes wrote their commentary so it could be easier for them to memorize since they had to learn the Quran in its entirety. Also he did it with their agreement. Not a single community in charge of organizing the Quran were against him on such matters

[@gwenamoredumal-is8719]

I read an article regarding the Sana'a manuscript a couple of weeks ago. I was quite sure that the article said that it was the oldest Quran manuscript.

[@tortoisewarrior4855]

The article maybe old, the Birmingham Quran wasn't carbon dated until 2015.

[@gwenamoredumal-is8719]

@@tortoisewarrior4855 probably, I didn't check the date.

[@whysoreligious2657]

The Sana’a isn’t the oldest… but shows that it was erased and written over.

[@PaleBlueDot711]

The article must be pre 2015.

[@CarlBreadston]

its education papers for student so its earse and written on it​@@whysoreligious2657

[@AdamFerrari64]

Wonderful video :)

[@worthyquotes6312]

Mashallah...a complete research

[@blue_cheese5293]

It's astonishing that the quran was memorized by heart by thousands of man improving its preservation

[@Stoneworks]

The Quran is one of the most beautiful religious texts I've ever read, so glad yall made this video exploring its history!!

[@alim-xf7wz]

Oh Man I love your videos

[@holyarmor578]

...You mean like the part when it says "fight those who don't belive in allah and mohammed until they say there are no other than allah" or maybe "all believing woman can give themselves to mohammed" ? Did you prefer the part when it says "having sex with married woman are not okay except those your right hand poses ((captured slaves), you can have sex with them (i.e r a p e) even if they are married if you capture them)". What did you think about the part "fight the Christians and the jews until the pay you the jizyah (extortion money) and feel themselves disgraced ? Can you maybe point out more specifically what was beautiful ?

[@alim-xf7wz]

@@holyarmor578 come on man the text is for early medieval age you can't judge the content by modern standards.

[@holyarmor578]

@@alim-xf7wz Well, it clearly says mohammed is the perfect human example that all muslims should imitate as much as they can. So to be a good muslim is to trying to be like mohammed...

[@SuperStriker7US]

Yoo wassap Stoney

[@fleursdelilas9487]

Great video! love the quality of your work and research. As for 11:15 , why assume it would be different if it was written before Uthman's standardized quran? if it was written while prophet Muhammad was alive then the logical thing is that it would match Uthman's version, because he was a contemporary of the prophet, he lived besides him for years and he likely memorized the Quran directly from him, as did a lot of his companions. It's Uthman's Quran that should match the Birmingham manuscript and not the other way around

[@williamrobert9898]

I guess he only meant different in terms of the type of script in which it was written

[@FlyingIkaros]

Aces the pronunciation of Bibliothèque Nationale de France and excuses himself for it - absolutely butchers Tübingen and just continues as if nothing happened. 😂

[@aiocafea]

'oh wow he didn't even pronounce the th like in english, how much care put into-' 'TABINDJEN'

[@FlyingIkaros]

@@aiocafea 😂😂😂

[@thomasdixon4373]

Wonder which religious scripture you'll look at next for one of these videos, would love to learn about some of the Far East folk religions

[@ahmedhashim2652]

Thanks Useful Charts for the video. I think you should’ve at least mention the complete Quran at Husain mosque in Cairo and most important of all is King Fuad’s Quran which is the base and reference of Qurans that we handle today. Lastly all Quran scholars agree beyond any doubt that the Birmingham manuscript is ranked as three since as you stated its part of Parisino-Petropolitanus codex and the real number one is Sana’a Palimpsest.

[@e-college-sait]

Ever asked the question why did king Faud needed to controle the koranic publication? Why the Cairo koran came into being? ever read the story behind it? If you have a palimpsest then you have two version of the unchangeable - ever the same - by allah protected koran. So which one is the right one. By the way there are now more thatn 30 different arabic korans worldwide. so again which is the right one?

[@shkhamd]

@@e-college-sait Do you have any source where it lists all 30 Qurans verse by verse and put them side by side to show their differences?

[@thaerjodah2665]

If you truly concern you can tired your self and listen to the reader of Quran at any spot of the earth and compare in between to know the difference and this is unlimited chance for you to find more and more not even 30 as you claimed . We have a millions of Quran hafiz around the world and those are our moving scriptures from generation to other from the prophet Mohammed till the end of the earth.

[@tictacmaybeau6707]

شكراً جزيلاً!

[@melanisticmandalorian8909]

Thank You

[@salampakistan3691]

We have the concept Hafiz in Islam. Abu Bakr RA, Omer RA, Uthman RA and Ali RA, the four rightly guided calipha knew and memorised Quran by heart. Abu Bakr RA and Omer RA were Prophet Muhammad father in laws and Ali RA and Uthman RA were cousins of Prophet Muhammads. Prophet Muhammad saw wife Ayesha RA who whole memorised the Quran by heart lived up to Ali RA reign as Calipha, so witnessed the compilation of Quran into a book. Abdullah bin Masood RA was the actual person doing and managing compilation into a book of Quran while Uthman RA watched over it. Abdullah ibn Masood was a famous student of Prophet Muhammad saw, who learnt Quran directly from Prophet (saw).

[@MuhammadUmarButt786]

Ali RA was cousin and son in law of the Prophet SAW and Usman RA was also son in law. Ali RA died in 40 hijri and Aisha RA died in 57 hijri. Ibn Masood RA was not in the comity who compiled Quran, it was Zaid bin Sabit RA accompanied by Umar RA in Abu Bakr RA time and Zaid bin Sabit RA accompanied by Saeed bin Al Aas RA and Abdullah bin Zubair RA etc in Usman RA time.

[@UnlimitlesslyFunnyDude]

memorised by Blind belief not by heart

[@edisonmanafi5985]

Then how come Othman burn all of them what was the reason I can only thing that he could not understand any of it because it was horrible!

[@kenkaniff4130]

@Edison Manafi I don't get where you get the idea that Uthman burned the Qur'an because they were horrible? What happened was during Uthman,s reign there begin to appear many companion copies. These copies included exegetical notes, different chapter divisions, etc. So what Uthman did is standardized the text, then sent these texts to the major cities of that time like Makkah and others and instead of going and checking all other copies whether which one is correct and which one is wrong they should use the copy that almost every companion agreed was correct.

[@Sema-Tawy]

If they all memorized the book by heart, why it took them 20 years to combine one, they could have crossed checked with each other and finalised a book in Ramadan. Why did Osman burn all the original texts!

[@danangwijayanto4650]

It just made eyes opened.

[@macosta3499]

You should do one abt other holy books, or just religious texts, too, as the Vedas, the Dao de jing, the Lun yu. Also smth cool would be to explore when certain religion's doctrines were written down at the first time, thinking mostly abt afro American religions like voudou, candomblé, santería, but also shinto and dao luong

[@HyruIia]

Always remember that the Quran is an oral book that is primarily transmitted between generations from mouth to ear and memorized in the heart, manuscripts are just an additional layer of protection for saving the holy book.

[@TheJumpingAnt]

Exactly true, this Verbal Revelation is different with Tanakh (Judaism) and Biblos (Christian).

[@dustinellerbe4125]

It's all man made bull that relies on previous religions/traditions and philosophical ideologies.

[@TheJumpingAnt]

@@dustinellerbe4125 you mean Gospels?

[@dustinellerbe4125]

@@TheJumpingAnt I mean the Qur'an, the New Testament, and the Tanahk.

[@TheJumpingAnt]

@@dustinellerbe4125 Not the Qur'an.

[@Norgust]

I would like to see an overview of the Arabic scripts. Might also be a opportunity for a graph imho.

[@kunderemp]

I second this. I want to know the chart of Arabic script, the hijazi, the kufic, the naskh, etc..

[@msherif428]

I know a bit about this, since I studied Arabic at school and Arabic calligraphy afterwards, and I'd love to see that video made. They're better thought of as different fonts rather than different scripts. There are only minor differences that depend on origin, time period, use, whatever it was written on, and preference for either aesthetic or legibility.

[@iqratube]

Jazakamu Allahu khairan. This is equivalent to a Master’s Thesis; may Allah reward you with goodness 🌸

[@ZubairKhan-vs8fe]

Excellent video

[@trenae77]

First off - no apology needed for pronunciation errors in other languages. Your accent alone is so rich and pleasant to listen to. Second - the early Muslims had a solid point when they claimed the original Arabic was sacred. The bulk of discrepancies that cause conflict in religions come from interpretation of a language and/or culture that is foreign to the present day reader. A good example I picked up the other day; Joseph’s coat was always referred to as having many colors. There’s even a rose named the Joseph’s Coat rose based on this translation. Well, the original wording in its original context was more likely referring to a long coat with sleeves, such as an individual would wear for special occasions, or if they were wealthy and didn’t have to work for a living. While this one’s simple and doesn’t hold a record for any dramatic schisms, it’s an example of where many of the controversies we have today likely originated. A lot of words just to say thank you for the fabulous work on this video. Matt only brings in the best! I

[@e-college-sait]

ever noticed that the 'orignal' korans were written in a North Arabic dialect and not in the Mecca or Medina dialect Quaraish (I don't know the right spelling) as Uthman demanded?

[@MultiAmmar2000]

@@e-college-sait I do not think you understand what you are saying. What do you mean written in dialect and then ordered to be written in another dialect?

[@SpringStarFangirl]

As a Jewish girl who has read the Tanach more times than I can count, the debate on Yosef's "coat" is more complex than that. First of all, it was a kutonet, a tunic, rather than a coat. Second, it's described as a kutonet pasim, which would generally be translated as a striped tunic. There's debate about what these stripes were- whether they were woven or embroidered, and there are some who claim that it meant that it had long sleeves. However, pasim does mean stripes, so there's a high chance that it just means a striped tunic.

[@betrayal6231]

Christian Egyptian here very interested to learn about ancient Qur'an manuscript

[@omarespinosa9826]

No we christians dont care about it because we know the bible is way older than the quran and the quran doesnt align with bible, the quran denies that isaac was the one chosen to be sacrificed, the quran says it was ishmael when in reality was isaac the bible was first, jesus was the fullfilment of all the holy scriptures

[@betrayal6231]

@@omarespinosa9826 knowledge is power. Knowing everyone’s perspective on things can only help foster peace amongst religions

[@veramae4098]

Just accept my personal thanks for finishing the job the Romans started, destroying the Great Library at Alexandria. Damn Pagans. Burn it to the glory of God1!

[@M7md-3la2]

Egyptian Muslim here 😏 السلام عليكم لو عندك فضول ممكن تسأل ان شاء الله اساعد لو اقدر

[@omarespinosa9826]

@@betrayal6231 i know more than enough about the quran, the most danger scriptures of the quran is the one that denies that isaac was the real chosen one to be sacrificed by abraham ordered by god, the second one is that tell the muslim to kill jews so they can have 70 virgin on heaven and it goes on and on and on, i know a lot about the quran

[@muhaiminhussain5843]

Great video

[@Ukepa]

the oldest Qur'ans here are far earlier than I had heard... very interesting video!

[@mohammedalghazu7382]

Note: the "versions" of the quran is the seven spellings of it, we muslims believe in all of them and the prophet peace be upon him told us about them, and that they all descended upon him, but the othmani one(or the qurashi) is the most famous, but if you go to countries like morocco you would see the other version, so they are not like different bibles of even errors or something like that

[@vinamrasinghai2339]

Nope, at least 20. Someone have I think 42 different kinds of Quran. The most famous is Haf's Quran.

[@nu-nisamiracle2401]

@@vinamrasinghai2339 lol a hindi.. the most prideful and arrogant among peoples in the entire galaxy who think they are the smartest people even tho they didn't even contributed anything to humanity's civilization except for the concept of number zero.. Pfft..

[@hmwndp]

​@@nu-nisamiracle2401What happened?

[@djelalhassan7631]

Beautiful, and even more beautiful when you start reading and understanding the Quran/Reading content

[@aitaziz4871]

Kids in my country memorize it from end to end for fun .. so imagine how well people from that era memorized it and how much of them spread across the world .. Coran is not only a book it's words "انا نحن نزلنا الذكر وانا له لحافظون "

[@salah777]

@@daryl94 hi Nazi christian

[@amelhamdani8859]

صحح الأية الكريمة من فضلك أخي

[@aitaziz4871]

@@amelhamdani8859 شكرا جزيلا تم التصحيح

[@amelhamdani8859]

@@aitaziz4871 بارك الله فيك

[@KD400_]

Brain training. Isnt the phrase 'off by heart' from people memorizing the Quran or something idk

[@anonymousannoyingmouse]

It's... Awe inspiring to be able to read these old manuscripts with all the بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم And ayat placement exactly same to where they're found these days

[@camaramacberg1415]

MashAllah 🌹☝️🕋🤲🌹

[@ALMAGNONI]

As a muslim Arab, I was expecting to be able to read most of these manuscripts. Shockingly, I couldn’t even read a single word except for the oldest manuscript. This just shows how difficult it was for non-Arabs to learn Arabic back then.

[@hasyinatulula1413]

the خط isn't it?

[@theastronomer5800]

It's the style of writing. If you try to read Medieval English you'll have a hard time as well. I have some Latin manuscripts and the older the are the harder they are to read!

[@hasyinatulula1413]

@@theastronomer5800 you are right bro

[@nu-nisamiracle2401]

Thy shall not pass!!

[@supisim]

It is amazing that we have Quran pieces from the time of the Prophet and a nearly complete Quran from the time of Sahaba (companions of the Prophet). It proves that the modern Quran that we are reading has not changed over time. Thanks for the info.

[@musawenkositshabalala45]

What?

[@rizwanahmed2662]

@supism This is not true. The Prophet in his presence completed the Quran in written Book form, which "completed the Deen".

[@ribnovonet]

Mashallah 🌼🌹

[@truejustice8849]

Mashallah beautiful

[@yoyonail3383]

everyone is talking about how informational this is but why is no one talking about how accurate the pronunciation is ( of course i also appreciate the information)

[@sentientflower7891]

The book is beautiful and the language is beautiful.

[@sentientflower7891]

@@daryl94 Hiroshima and Nagasaki were nuclear bombed by devout white Evangelical Christians.

[@mohamedismail6273]

@@daryl94 jealousl christian spotted

[@dragonfire3727]

That's sooooo subjective

[@sentientflower7891]

@@dragonfire3727 have you read the Bible?

[@ArtSalah-nv5lj]

​@@sentientflower7891The Quran isn't beautiful...

[@mikeharrison1868]

Thanks for this.

[@user-jo7hd1hw3d]

Good explanation. But you mentioned inaccurate information Caliph Othman did not make a new version during his reign Rather, he relied on the copy written by Zaid bin Thabet during the reign of the first Caliph Abu Bakr, and the copy was preserved with Hafsa, the wife of the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace. there is another thing, Muslims do not pay much attention to manuscripts because the method of preserving the Qur’an was through memorization and repetition of the entire Qur’an Most of the Muslims memorized the Qur’an at the age of seven years, and the memorizer obtained a certificate from the Sheikh for that Qur’an was preserved by the large number of memorizers over the ages.

[@vinamrasinghai2339]

You are not an Arab, most likely from the subcontinent. Because people like you, a new Quran cannot be written.

[@Normal_user_coniven]

I have a theory about the Birmingham Copy of Quran, I think it is wrote in prophet Muhammad's life, even before going to Madina, as the carbon test said.. Yeah, yeah.. You may ask: "what about Uthman's Unification of Quran versions, when he destroyed all of the copies? And why it is as Uthman's version" I'll tell you, what I think. In Book of Bukhari sunnah, it's said that Uthman's kept Abu Bakr's copy, to be the main copy, to copy from it the other copies, and destroyed the other old copies. It said that Zayd bin Thabit and Omar bin Alkhattab didn't wrote all of the Quran over again, but gathered the old copies of each chapther, and compare it to the last version of Quran; then, re-order it. Ater that, they filled the gaps in the pages (by re-writing) that was made because of ordering the Quran. So, Most of the Quran in that copy was written in prophet Muhammad's life, and kept by Caliph Abu Bakr, Omar, and so, Caliph Uthman. And, since chapter of "Isra'" to "Taha" all of them are chapters that given to Muhammad in Makkah before Hijrah, which are that Birmingham copy about. Then, it'll be logical to think that it was already written, prepared and in a good order, before going to Madina.

[@aaquib2010]

How do you know what the Birmingham Script contains? teach me plz

[@Normal_user_coniven]

@@aaquib2010 I know that, because I read about it, it is also mentioned in the video: 10:40

[@aaquib2010]

@@Normal_user_coniven ok jazakallah, u have a good knowledge, may Allah increase it more

[@yojan9238]

@@aaquib2010 you can read it clearly in the video. It's the Surah Thaha. The surah that causes Caliph Umar to embraced Islam.

[@MAbuRowais]

That’s a nice theory. But it’s wrong. In the time of the prophet (peace be upon him), the Quran was not written on paper and assembled as a book. This procedure was only after the prophet’s life (peace be upon him) done. The manuscript though can be dated back to time of his blessed companions. Anyway, the Quran was primarily passed down through tongue and memorization. And we can date the Quran back to the prophet (peace be upon him) through a large amount of rich chains of narration. That’s the reason why we know how every word in the Quran is pronounced and how they’re vocalized.

[@haithamali3228]

11:20 you say the Birmingham manuscript is likely produced after Uthman because it matches. What is that based on?

[@hiiammoot]

How bout doing something about hadith and the narration chains etc.

[@Annonymous_till_death]

Everything was just fine. Did you use a cartoon picture of prophet in the beginning of the video?

[@tahirkamrankhan]

Awesome , very enlightening - where is oldest manuscript which is complete and standardised one ( Uthman ) . What we get today for Urdu speaking world , which script is it ?

[@syedmohammadaanasfarukh890]

lucknow script

[@monisrajput8056]

It is also known as urdu musaf

[@clementchin6353]

If the Quran is true, then Islam is false. by CARM If the Quran is true, then Islam is false. Why? Because the Quran says to trust the Gospels and the four Gospels contradict the Quran. This means the Quran can't be true if it says the gospel message is also true. In order to show this, I will quote several verses from the Quran. The more important ones are bolded for easy reference later. None can change Allah's words 6:34, "Rejected were the messengers before thee: with patience and constancy they bore their rejection and their wrongs, until Our aid did reach them: there is none that can alter the words (and decrees) of Allah. Already hast thou received some account of those messengers." 6:115, "The word of thy Lord doth find its fulfilment in truth and in justice: None can change His words: for He is the one who heareth and knoweth all." 18:27, "And recite (and teach) what has been revealed to thee of the Book of thy Lord: none can change His Words, and none wilt thou find as a refuge other than Him." Moses was given the Torah 2:87, "We gave Moses the Book and followed him up with a succession of messengers; We gave Jesus the son of Mary Clear (Signs) and strengthened him with the holy spirit. Is it that whenever there comes to you a messenger with what ye yourselves desire not, ye are puffed up with pride?- Some ye called impostors, and others ye slay! 3:3, "It is He Who sent down to thee (step by step), in truth, the Book, confirming what went before it; and He sent down the Law (of Moses) and the Gospel (of Jesus) before this, as a guide to mankind, and He sent down the criterion (of judgment between right and wrong)." David was given the Psalms 4:163, "We have sent thee inspiration, as We sent it to Noah and the Messengers after him: we sent inspiration to Abraham, Isma'il, Isaac, Jacob and the Tribes, to Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon, and to David We gave the Psalms." Jesus was given the gospel 57:27, "Then, in their wake, We followed them up with (others of) Our messengers: We sent after them Jesus the son of Mary, and bestowed on him the Gospel; and We ordained in the hearts of those who followed him Compassion and Mercy. But the Monasticism which they invented for themselves, We did not prescribe for them: (We commanded) only the seeking for the Good Pleasure of Allah; but that they did not foster as they should have done. Yet We bestowed, on those among them who believed, their (due) reward, but many of them are rebellious transgressors. Christians should judge by what is in the Gospel 5:47, "Let the people of the Gospel judge by what Allah hath revealed therein. If any do fail to judge by (the light of) what Allah hath revealed, they are (no better than) those who rebel." The Quran confirms the Torah, the Psalms, and the Gospels and guards them Quran 2:136 Say, [O believers], "We have believed in Allah and what has been revealed to us and what has been revealed to Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the Descendants and what was given to Moses and Jesus and what was given to the prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and we are Muslims [in submission] to Him." 5:48 To thee [the people of the gospel] We sent the Scripture in truth, confirming the scripture that came before it, and guarding it in safety: so judge between them by what Allah hath revealed, and follow not their vain desires, diverging from the Truth that hath come to thee. To each among you have we prescribed a law and an open way. If Allah had so willed, He would have made you a single people, but (His plan is) to test you in what He hath given you: so strive as in a race in all virtues. The goal of you all is to Allah; it is He that will show you the truth of the matters in which ye dispute; Ask Christians about spiritual things. 10:94 And if thou (Muhammad) art in doubt concerning that which We reveal unto thee, then question those who read the Scripture (that was) before thee. Verily the Truth from thy Lord hath come unto thee. So be not thou of the waverers. Curse on those who say God has a son 9:30, "The Jews call 'Uzair a son of Allah, and the Christians call Christ the son of Allah. That is a saying from their mouth; (in this) they but imitate what the unbelievers of old used to say. Allah's curse be on them: how they are deluded away from the Truth! Jesus not crucified 4:157, "That they said (in boast), "We killed Christ Jesus the son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah";- but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them, and those who differ therein are full of doubts, with no (certain) knowledge, but only conjecture to follow, for of a surety they killed him not." Alright, so we see that... None can change Allah's words (6:34; 6:115; 18:27). Jesus was given the gospel by Allah (57:27). The Quran confirms the Gospels (5:48) The Gospels contradict the Quran So, if the Quran confirms the Gospels which says that Jesus was crucified (Matthew 27:26-31; Mark 15:15-20; Luke 23:32-34; John 19:17-18) and the Quran says Jesus was not crucified (Surah 4:157), then the Quran is false. But if it says the Gospels are false, then the Quran denies its own teaching and Islam is false.

[@lionroar26]

The mind-boggling point is, even if all the written Qurans vanished from the world today, the Muslims via Quran Hafiz who are in the millions throughout the world on all continents can recreate Allah's words in the written form. Takbir ☝️

[@ayoub.boughaba]

So people can't forget and makeup stuff

[@kirapiwpiw4804]

@@ayoub.boughaba you're right, bible is one of the example

[@user-fr1bm8bx3v]

@@ayoub.boughaba i don't know about others, but in Indonesia, all those memorized Qur'an spend 2 hours reciting 2 out of 30 juz(partition of the quran) everyday as to preserve their memorization. That's excluding recitation in main and supplicant prayer.

[@earthlycreature8772]

Hafiz-e-Quran are only in current versions being read today? Also note that none of the manuscripts shown in the video are factually the Qurans being read today.

[@user-fr1bm8bx3v]

im just reminding u that, if u dont acept the truth no one lose nothing except urself. keep ur confidence in ur make believe religion then, good luck.

[@JamesThomas-nl4ul]

Do you think you could make a video of the Bundy family tree

[@ncubesays]

Fascinating

[@ykn9240]

already compiled and finished by the time of caliph Abu Bakar around 633, actually. Caliph Usman made copies from The one compiled by caliph Abu Bakar and stardardized the recitation.

[@uniformityofnature1488]

Standardising the divine word of god? Why i thought it was clear

[@yassine073t]

He didn’t standardize the recitation but the text.

[@uniformityofnature1488]

@@yassine073t wouldn’t that suggest there is an inconsistency between text and recitation?

[@tanhimahmed7416]

He didn’t standardized the words of Allah SWT. Rather he standardized the way of recitation of The Holy Quran. Arabic is a luxuriant and versatile language. One word Which is Feminine in a Group, may be used as neuter / masculine in another group previously at the time of Prophet PBUH. And, For your kind consideration, At the time of Uthman (R.) there was about 7 reciting styles in Arabic. So he assembled it into a single style and copy. Even there was no punctuation marks then. Later, Hazzaz Bin Yousuf (died 714 AD) added punctuation to the Quran. So, please don’t beat about the bush without knowing abou the preservation of Quran. If Uthman (R.) hadn’t done that, you, you people would make multifarious meanings of Quran (as we are not native arabic speakers) and have nullified Quran as the book of god.

[@yassine073t]

@@uniformityofnature1488 Yes there is. There are many letters in the Quran you don’t speak out “silent letters” there are many rules while reading the Quran correctly. Also there are slightly different recitations coupled with slightly different texts. Standardization of the Quran means correcting even the slightest mistakes, dividing the chapters correctly, and filling in the gaps if there were any.

[@Boxerr54]

How fascinating. I've never heard of the Blue Qur'an.

[@jadziadax6617]

You should do a video about Star Trek

[@whatyoudoin3125]

Mashallah ❤️

[@TruthPrevails101]

Has anybody got the full translation of the Birmingham Folio?

[@kaekaeoshi69]

No, but you can check Wikipedia for some photos and you can compare it with today's Qur'an (it's identical)

[@TruthPrevails101]

@@kaekaeoshi69 NO!!!! you can not say it is identical is you do not have a full translation!!! Please do not behave like the best of the deceivers.

[@kaekaeoshi69]

@@TruthPrevails101 there is one picture in Wikipedia that compare the manuscript (1 page) and today's Qur'an (End of Surah Maryam and beginning of Surah Taahaa) And they have identical word by word. The difference is just letter font and adding vowel sign For Qur'an readers who learn Arabic, they'll read the manuscript easily even without vowel sign

[@TruthPrevails101]

@@kaekaeoshi69 So one page may be similar, but the other three may not be??? So again, unless you have the full word by word translation, you cannot say that hey are the same.

[@fortravelpressdream]

​​​@@TruthPrevails101 Before claiming find proofs , that's how it works. Qur'an means ' recitation ' Not just a 'book'. It claimed that it will be preserved 1400 years ago, Till this day Millions still memorize it , even non-arab kids at 6 can memorize it fully, we recite it every single day 5 times, it's not an easy mission for someone to come up with his own version and ask us to follow.

[@MrAgsalud]

Ramadhaan Mubaarak, my Ummah 2022.

[@marwan75]

Allah ybarek feek ♥️

[@Mark15726]

Hello @usefulCharts. Im a literature and theology student and I am also religious. One thing that’s bothered me is how you missed one HUGE point to mention and its making the whole video kinda unthought about. So whether hystorically its believed or not but Quran was compiled in its entirety within 2 years of Muhammad’s dead! Yes Uthaman did standardized the arabic writing later but compilation was already done! I suggest you update this ASAP! Rest of the video is ok from study POV!

[@tdtyyuf]

Very interesting.

[@MRAadil-kr5hg]

YOU'VE DONE JUSTICE, THANK YOU FOR EDUCATING PEOPLE.

[@cherb6261]

same as your Name Adil which means Just.

[@MRAadil-kr5hg]

@@cherb6261 thank you :)

[@mbgal7758]

“Acquired” just say stolen or plundered.

[@beautypablotamarini7315]

CLAUS SCHWAB Are his grandfather and grandmother from the both side Rotschild? As he is new boss for many countries nowadays, can you provide us his origins?

[@anonymous-rj6ok]

Not mentioned by the uploader but quite relevant: these manuscripts can only be dated using the parchment it was written on and are as a consequence very inaccurate for dating the text. Ink can not be carbon dated and any of these dates are only dating the parchment not the text. It was not uncommon to recycle the parchment. Dating using the script style is even more dubious.

[@BillGreenAZ]

I always find it interesting to find the earliest copy of a text. What about the earliest copies found of the Hadith and the Sunnah?

[@BillGreenAZ]

@Chris Walker Very nice. Thanks for the reply.

[@BillGreenAZ]

@mohamed the guy Thanks for the reply. I was hoping there would still be some left from near the time they were originally written.

[@israfilangel8062]

@@BillGreenAZ sahifat hammam ibn Munabbih and some others are the earliest, you can check a video about this on a channel calles (One Message Foundation) you will see all the earliest ones

[@BillGreenAZ]

@@israfilangel8062 Thanks for the suggestion. I'll check it out.

[@e-college-sait]

the earlies version of the koran and hadith are from the 8 century by Utman, the older versions are pre-koranic texts ,for other sources. The hadith have a bad reputation since over 100.000 were ongoing when the caliphs were fed up with them and diminushed them to around 6.000, later to be corrected (?) to more. All off them are at least 100 year after mohamed lived.

[@Dodomaxx]

Which Quran was Utmans??????

[@SavciSV]

The amazing thing that all Qur'an manuscripts have no letter different than current copies While bible manuscripts you see the same book but with different topics or different story telling style

[@shahidahmedsiddiqui8109]

Assalamuliaqum how we can get sascimile of these Qurans regards

[@NadDew]

Just imagine if the oldest copies of the Bible was in Saudi Arabia museum or Pakistani museum?? yeah exactly, so UK and France must return the copies to Saudi Arabia or Egypt.

[@latusalihyasalim4872]

This piece is just an indication that the Quran dates back to the era of prophecy. The preservation is something else. If we had a whole copy it wouldn’t have been that impressive. I mean we could’ve gone back to it from time to time. The Quran was preserved in a more impressive way. The style of narration has been carried on mostly by reciting from one another over hundreds of centuries or oral tradition. that’s why we still have one version of the Quran over these centuries when Muslims were spread all over the map. it’s near impossible to preserve a whole book in such circumstances by just oral tradition. and the same content can also be found in all kinds of Islamic sharia law books especially the books of interpretation with no contradictions between them. and there are manuscripts of those books that date back to hundreds of years ago which is a refutation for those who want to use the stupid 1924 argument. which also goes against them, because how can you bring muslims together to follow one book and they couldn’t do it with their bible? and those who want to use Qira’ats as an argument, we have 10 authentic Qira’ats and 4 non authentic Qira’ats and we all agree on what’s authentic and what’s not and all of this has been preserved just by recitation generation after generation and the prophet used them all. This is how it’s actually being preserved. Not to mention that Muslims have gone through so many different hardships throughout the history. The mongols destroyed the library of Baghdad which was the capital of the caliphate. the Muslims were defeated in Spain and the Christians destroyed almost everything. In the 19th century the majority of Muslim countries were colonized by non-Muslim countries. Muslims were divided in so many time and yet the book is still the same, The content is still the same. Not like the Christians and the Jews who lost the preservation of their books after the Babylonians and the Roman Catholics took over Jerusalem one after another. at the end of the day language itself is a miracle, i mean we speak arabic as a native language but none of us could come up with something eloquent like the Quran, not even close to that.

[@Rabidracc000ns]

Although im glad u admit these manuscripts are nothing close to proving perfect preservation

[@latusalihyasalim4872]

@@Rabidracc000ns they really do, now we have an army of millions of muslims memorize the entire book and ready to die for what it says. live with it! by the way you need to focus on your crappy issues don’t mind us, focus on your genders, your pronouns, child trafficking and and.. i mean you got a lot to focus on. the holy Quran i beyond you. glory to Allah glory to Islam , ☝️.

[@ALI-om2re]

When was the Quran Surah numbered and when were Ayat numbered ?

[@annaholt7431]

Thanks

[@annaholt7431]

আল্লাহ আপোনাৰ সৌন্দৰ্য্য আৰু দৈত্য ❤️ ইত্যাদি ভয়ংকৰ প্ৰেম, সমৰ্পিততাও

[@JWinslow11]

Wish you would’ve covered comparisons between the different versions - where they differed and were the same, for instance

[@FireEverLiving]

There are no notable differences between them. The Qur'an is like Homer's works in that it has audible rhythm and is meant to be memorized, so textual drift over time is more difficult.

[@margaritakryuchkov9894]

@@FireEverLiving Lies!!! "Two magicians" is *not* the same thing as "two works of magic"!!!

[@Angelmou]

@@FireEverLiving This is simply factually false. There are several differences. Denial just so that a muslim can feel comfortable is not a valid reason. Even within islamic tradition of the Hadith are alterations known like the famous goat/sheep story eating 1 verse.

[@ChangedNames]

@@Angelmou Allah has not promised to preserve the hadith, it is the work of muslims ummah of preserved it the best they could.

[@Angelmou]

@@ChangedNames I talked about the Qur'an you just skipped.

[@minhajsyed3230]

ASSALAMUALAIKUM ALL🤍 SYAWISH REHMAN ( REHMAN'S ? ) WHAT IS THE MEANING OF YOUR PREETY NAME ? ALHAMDULILLAH 🤲 RAMADAN MUBARAK 😍

[@truthfinder2575]

Hyper sexuality in men is a mental disorder, in men it is called satyriasis. Analyzing mohammad's deeds and mentality undoubtedly he was such a person due to following. 1) Seeing a nursing infant girl child Um Habiba daughter of Abbas, Mohammad said I will Nikah (marry for sex) you when you become time for marriage. 2) He advised women to submit him for sex, that is an act which pleases Allah 3) He gets erection when he saw a women on the road and runs to his wife to have sex 4) When he sees his adopted son's wife when she was changing dress, Mohammad gets his Allah's permission to marry her and his adopted son divorces her. 5) He raided neighbouring tribes at night, kills men and takes their wives and daughters and allows his warriors to share those women for sex. 6) He falsely promises a heaven for his warriors and believers , with 72 women(70 are prostitutes from hell) with special beauty, special boobs, continuous sex for one year , rivers of liquor and so on. 7) He does sex with a slave women in one of his wives house, when his wives knew it and questioned him, his Allah threatens his wives that he can divorce you all...so on hundres Muslims, be wise. It is shameful to follow this dirty fellow Mohammad as your prophet

[@CloveCoast]

Please publish a map for the evolution of semitic languages

[@ellen4956]

I was taught that the prophet Muhammad, (ʿalayhi s-salām), first wife, Khadīja bint Khuwaylid wrote down the words as he, the prophet Muhammad (ʿalayhi s-salām), told her what the angel said to him. Is that now considered not to be true, or was I just misunderstanding?

[@fortravelpressdream]

I never heard this before

[@andromeda331]

The blue and gold one is beautiful.