Operant Conditioning - Negative Reinforcement vs Positive Punishment

From The Big Bang Theory
In Operant Conditioning, there are is positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. Some of these are easily confused. Even Bill Murray made this mistake in Ghostbusters!

[@deeshmond]

Negative = removal of stimulus positive = addition of stimulus Punishment = to decrease behaviour Reinforcement = to increase behaviour

[@maxlantigua6765]

thanks bro, keep up the great work!

[@edwardoserpaiii6691]

Negative means removal of a unpleasant stimulus in reinforcement and removal of a pleasant one in punishment

[@creatureofhabit7049]

Thanks for the crystal clear understanding!

[@JustBlurrr]

deeshmond Can someone give an example of all. Negative punishment. Negative reinforcement. Positive punishment. Positive reinforcement.

[@rlicon1970]

I'm confused 😕 😂

[@Tommy_111]

And now I'm gonna hear it from Jenny 🤣😂🤣

[@water7762]

I didn't understand it. Can u please explain it to me?

[@ussalpha5379]

@@water7762 He means that he is going to hear an angry lecture from Jennie, the girl who does his eyebrows. When the tape got pulled from his arm, a lot of the arm hair came off. So the girl Jennie will think that Raj was going somewhere else to remove hair instead of her.

[@TheMacC117]

Sheldon's question was legitimate clarifying the rules, Raj's bs about his eyebrows was way more of a tangent

[@m.f.k2447]

Whoa yes quite tangent

[@jeremykrause9443]

Sheldon can be impossible at times but his question I feel was legitimate.

[@youmustcreateachanne]

That was before they began though.

[@youmustcreateachanne]

@Jeremy Krause Any points Sheldon gained there he more than lost with his Quantum Leap nonsense.

[@guypeate3628]

Sheldon is at the centre between intelligence and insanity, Raj is going on about his eyebrows is really tangent

[@iSpunkrandom]

"In negative reinforcement, a response leads to the removal of something aversive, and this response is strengthened. In punishment, a response leads to the arrival of something aversive, and this response tends to be weakened." Got it from a Psych book, peeps

[@m.f.k2447]

It's a show

[@rajuniyalp200]

What if no one distracted... After they r finished with their work... they still had to remove those duct tapes.....

[@youmustcreateachanne]

Who cares if the work got done?

[@Ur_Quan]

> After they r finished with their work... they still had to remove those duct tapes..... considering their progress, the probability of the outcome where they are finished with their work and still have some duct tapes on their hands seems to be negligible.

[@kartikiyer3067]

If they had to remove tape after work was over, they could have used some sort of alcohol to dissolve the adhesive...

[@WOQ4]

Oh my god, people will never get negative reinforcement straight. Even when they're trying to correct it: It isn't the removal of positive stimuli, it's the removal of _negative_ stimuli -- if you stop making an annoying loud noise whenever an animal does a behaviour you want them to do you are _reinforcing_ that behaviour. Sorry, I just saw this episode and I had to find somewhere to rant.

[@9ballprodigy]

actually, if you want to get into the nitty gritty about it, you shouldn't even use "positive" or "negative" in reference to the quality of the stimuli. negative reinforcement is the removal of an aversive stimulus already in the environment of the behaver that increases a target behavior when contingent on a specific response.

[@WOQ4]

9ballprodigy Sorry - I shouldn't have used 'negative' in my comment in place of aversive, I was just following the language used in the video. Also I was annoyed and I rushed, haha. Of course, the term 'negative' refers to the removal of the stimulus and 'positive' refers to adding a stimulus. And we need to emphasize the difference between reinforcement and punishment, which is where most of the pop culture mistakes are made. Reinforcement encourages behaviour while punishment discourages it. Adding the terms 'positive' and 'negative' to punishment, we get positive punishment that adds an adversive stimulus to discourage behaviour (ex) spanking) and negative punishment that takes away a pleasant stimulus to discourage behaviour (ex) taking away TV time). There - I think we've got it all sorted out. Anything I'm missing? : )

[@dementiano]

9ballprodigy actually you nailed it except one word: aversive. Not all stimuli in negative reinforcement is aversive. Example, the car beep to put your seatbelt is not an aversive stimuli and in some cases not even considered annoying by some people. The better general rule is negative means "removal" and that is it.

[@ultraAr]

dementiano In your example, by definition, the beep is an aversive stimulus.

[@ultraAr]

dementiano An aversive stimulus is not something that you consider "annoying". This doesn't make sense for a behavioral-analytic account of behavior

[@Al-qb6iv]

literally us this quarantine during classes

[@joycebrandon]

Sheldon is correct. Just because the terminology contains the word "positive" it doesn't necessarily mean something pleasant. Positive, with respect to operant condition means applied to or given. When Sheldon says "negative reinforcement is the removal of a positive stimulus" there could be some confusion. "Positive stimulus" in this context doesn't equal "pleasant stimulus" it means a stimulus applied to the subject. So negative reinforcement is *the REINFORCEMENT of a desired behavior by REMOVING a stimulus*. ie: if one is using a prong collar to achieve a walk with no pulling on the leash, then the "negative reinforcement" is the release of uncomfortable pressure, the "positive stimulus" applied to the neck, when the dog maintains the appropriate behavior... a loose leash. Dog pulls leash=discomfort from the collar=the applied/given stimulus=positive stimulus Dog stops pulling thereby releasing the discomfort = removal of positive/applied stimulus= this removal of the stimulus is the Negative in "Negative Reinforcement" The dog is encouraged to repeat the loose leash behavior=This gives us the Reinforcement in "Negative Reinforcement" R+ = Positive Reinforcement of a behavior - applying something to the subject to increase the frequency of a behavior. R- = Negative Reinforcement - removing something to increase the frequency of a behavior. P+ = Positive Punishment - applying something to decrease the frequency of a behavior. P- = Negative Punishment - removing something to decrease the frequency of a behavior.

[@deborahl3083]

Joyce Brandon YOU are the most annoying human being ever.

[@awfurrej]

@@deborahl3083 @Joyce Brandon is actually correct and his response was helpful to me regarding the distinction between negative reinforcement and positive punishment. What is annoying is when someone makes targeted negative responses to someone for no apparent reason other than maybe it makes you feel better? I don't know what your reasoning is here. Lets see if me responding to you, responding negatively to him, increases your likelihood to troll or makes you stop, following you reading my post. Then we will know if my response to you is reinforcement or punishment. :)

[@FernandoVazquez-ro1nw]

He should have never said "positive" then. Simply stimulus.

[@AntiChrxzt]

Leonard really wishes he had a scold's bridle for Sheldon

[@olayak]

This is not negative reinforcement. Adding a stimulus to stop a behavior is called "positive punishment"

[@bm5063]

Even the people correcting the error are wrong. It isn't the removal of a positive or negative stimulus. It's just the removal of a stimulus. Perfect example, the car beeps at you until you put your seatbelt on. Another one. Putting the aloe lotion on a sunburn removes the stimulus of pain. Positive and negative indicate whether the stimulus is added or removed. The term reinforcement indicates whether the stimulus being added or removed increases the likelihood of the behavior in the future. So if you put on the seatbelt BEFORE turning on the car, or you reach for the aloe lotion to address the pain of a sunburn you have experienced negative reinforcement.

[@faduma3917]

Hello, I don't understand this well and I have an homework on it so do you mind helping me out?

[@NaudVanDalen]

I like how the writers learned from their mistake of calling positive punishment negative reinforcement in season 3, episode 3.

[@cocoachocolat]

I LOVE THIS SOOO MUCH!!!

[@maxlantigua6765]

SAME!

[@Omnixity]

What episode is this

[@mikelantz61]

Bill Murray isn't the only one that got negative reinforcement wrong....Big Bang Theory got it wrong when Sheldon tried to change Penny's behavior.

[@Marina-mn1ps]

when he was training Penny it was positive reinforcement - he gave her chocolates when he sprayed Leonard it was positive punishment

[@meganedwards119]

marina rezkalla yes but then he said he could use negative reinforcement to remove behaviours from Penny e.g. electric shock, that's not negative reinforcement, that is punishment aimed at extinguishing a behaviour.

[@danielyeap5952]

+Megan Edwards You are right (punishment = removal/decrease behaviour). However, the electric shocks can be used for negative reinforcement: If the situation was constant electric shocks, until the desired behaviour is performed (at which the electric shocks stop), this would be negative reinforcement. Negative = removal of electric shocks (i.e. unpleasant stimulus), and Reinforcement = increase the likelihood of the behaviour which lead to the electric shocks stopping. But, you are correct too (as Sheldon didn't explain how he would use electric shocks). Please correct me if I'm wrong, as I have just learnt operant conditioning last week :)

[@jamesstocker5267]

This probably serves an example of "negative reinforcement" gone terribly wrong. The idea here was to engage in the task to avoid the pain/aversive of someone else pulling off the tape.

[@kathleentoblesky4993]

5 years later, but hey, I was looking up videos to show a college class, so this is good practice for me to explain the concepts. This would actually be a form of positive punishment. "Positive" and "negative" in operant conditioning don't refer to good vs. bad, but rather whether something is being added or removed. Reinforcement encourages a behavior, while punishment discourages it. So a positive punishment is adding something that discourages a behavior (here: the pain of removing the tape to discourage distracted discussions). A negative reinforcement would be adding something that encourages a behavior (ex: a pain reliever to their injuries whenever they stay on-topic). But terminology aside, they definitely went off-track by using it as a punishment for making the other upset. Punishments need clear rules to work lol

[@jonathanblanco3433]

@@kathleentoblesky4993Hilarious, I was also looking this up for class and wrote essentially the same thing in a comment. But a quick correction, Negative reinforcement would be the removal of a stimuli (often one that is aversive to the individual) after the target behavior that would lead to the decrease occurrence of that behavior in the future. :) ABA all day

[@sdkjgbasdkgv]

@@kathleentoblesky4993 Sorry you are completely wrong. I hope you didn't teach that to your class LOL!

[@sdkjgbasdkgv]

@@kathleentoblesky4993 The whole point, their intention, is that they are adding the aversive stimulus with the intent to reinforce the target behaviour of "staying on task" through avoidance of the aversive stimulus. You state above "So a positive punishment is adding something that discourages a behavior (here: the pain of removing the tape to discourage distracted discussions)." If this is the target behaviour then it was positively reinforced and not positively punished! @jamesstocker5267 is correct in that it "serves as an example of negative reinforcement gone terribly wrong."

[@TeslaNick2]

The funny thing about this example is it really shows the dangers of using positive punishment in dog training, confusion about what's being punished, redirection, escalation, it's all there lol....

[@maxlantigua6765]

I know right!

[@gregorymoore2877]

More importantly, it shows the dangers of placing duct tape on your arm.

[@India.H]

I have no guilt over this, but I once used positive reinforcement during a group project in secondary school. I presume the majority of people here have seen the scenes where Sheldon uses chocolate as positive reinforcement to train Penny. Unconnected to that (I'd never watched TBBT at the point this event happened), I started using biscuits as positive reinforcement for good behaviour for the irritating members of my group every time they did something useful or came up with a good idea. The project was over several weeks and by the second I was considering murdering the morons. By the third: "would that be unethical?" (For people wondering why I just randomly had biscuits in my school bag, I have epileptic seizures and low blood sugar. Low blood sugar + epilepsy = increased risk of seizures. I would take biscuits or something similar in a tub everyday to munch to keep my blood sugar up. I would, before you mention it, keep enough aside for me to eat normally rather than using all for positive reinforcement.)

[@gilgabro420]

Well did it work? My sister tried that once and I was immediately onto her and told her that i appreciate her sweets but that it is gonna do nothing.

[@gahen8752]

1:40 Raj: Ooh! That is a lot of hair. 😂😂😂

[@misssweethearted]

I need to know this shit for my psychology class

[@tommoore2012]

Did you pass?

[@eni4498]

I had to learn this too. The minute I passed it I forgot everything 😂😂

[@Mr.Nate132]

What I’ve been taught in psychology is that positice reinforcement is the adding of a desired consequence while negative reinforcement is the removal of an undesired consequence. And positive punishment is the adding of an undesired consequence while negative punishment is the removal of a desired consequence. What do you think of that?

[@alexcs681]

But I think that depends on how you see it, If you are NOT taking away the sellotape then you are removing a negative stimulus, and then that case would be a negative reinforcement. If you take away the tape then you're adding a negative stimulus and that's a positive punishment. So that it would be a double-side operant conditioning experiment, am I right?

[@kylesingh1915]

This is my favorite episode along with episode 14 and episode 20.

[@joshfactor1]

i looked up scold's bridle. it literally looks like a trap from one of the saw films

[@constantdvdcollector]

I wonder if that is where Wan and Whannell got the idea from?

[@TLau-bm3vy]

wow.... why didn't i use that for my psychology hw? This is just too hilarious.

[@mitzinicoleritter211]

An episode I hadn't seen. Thanks for posting!

[@hannahburke7328]

On the bright side the gang gets a free waxing.

[@markkerr204]

It's funny because in another clip from Big Bang Theory discussing shaping behaviour, Sheldon actually gets it incorrect when he states that he can change Penny's behaviour through "negative reinforcement" as opposed to positive punishment!

[@murphy5531]

He got it wrong in THIS scene, too. He says "negative reinforcement is the removal of a positive stimulus". Negative reinforcement is actually the removal of a *negative* stimulus (i.e, taking away stimulus that is undesirable to the person).

[@martyes9563]

@@murphy5531 YES! You are totally correct. I always explain that to my students and see if they can spot it but almost nobody can.

[@murphy5531]

@@martyes9563 Ha! Well I was actually just studying operant conditioning for my psychology class when I was reminded of the multiple references to operant conditioning in The Big Bang Theory. The Big Bang Theory is my favourite show; I've watched every episode multiple times & go to sleep to it passively playing every night (is that weird?). In both cases, Sheldon referred incorrectly to 'negative reinforcement'. In the other one (not this video), he implied that negative reinforcement of Penny's behaviour could be adding mild electric shocks to correct her behaviour, which would actually be positive punishment as it would be the introduction of a negative stimulus in order to decrease the likelihood of a certain behaviour repeating. :)

[@markkerr204]

@@murphy5531 This is exactly right. The only thing I might change in your wording is "negative stimulus" as I prefer to use the term "aversive stimulus" or "unpleasant stimulus" so as to avoid any confusion with the behavioural definition of "negative" :)

[@murphy5531]

@@markkerr204 Yes, good point. Surprised you responded a year later!

[@MidnightCelluloid]

Quantum Leap reference... amazing

[@mamoulian69]

In the linked video below, at around 2:40, Sheldon uses the term negative reinforcement incorrectly. kzbin.info/www/bejne/gHKcZ3mYlpKKfs0

[@norabufrieh40]

You're right, but that doesn't mean he meant to use it. in fact, He used Positive punishment in that scene, punishment can be a very positive tool in reinforcement stimulus field.

[@Designer239]

Now that’s very educational

[@erinstone9999]

They are getting off topic. It's a behavior that Leonard in particular wants decrease the likelihood of happening again, so that would fall under the category of punishment. Raj made the first suggestion of taking away their viewing of pigeon ping pong which would mean they're taking away an appetitive stimulus, and the taking away of any stimulus categorizes it as negative punishment. Howard then made the suggestion of snapping a rubber band on their wrists every time they get side tracked. This would introduce a stimulus; an aversive one. The introduction of a stimulus to discourage a behavior would be positive punishment. The scold's bridle Sheldon mentioned, and the duct tape on their arms being ripped off would also be an examples of positive punishment for the same reasons. This is my personal analysis of the situation, but I'm trying to learn and may be confused, insight and correction is welcome.

[@m.f.k2447]

It's a show

[@JThom529]

@@m.f.k2447yeah but it’s still a valid opportunity to provide insight and commentary

[@StefanMel]

In S3E3 timemark 13:40 Sheldon makes the mistake himself by using electrical shock as "negative reinforcement" to train Penny. He meant to say positive punishment.

[@Gilda3110]

I was about to comment this

[@pucek365]

How did they get rid of those tapes? :D

[@janbelak]

can you tell me episode and series number?

[@JonatasMonte]

Agree with Sheldon here, you can't jump ahead, you have to watch it all.

[@typacsk]

If anyone's curious about how a scold's bridle works, there's an episode of QI where they break one out.

[@ajeethsuryash5123]

Funny to see even great mind like sheldon could get distracted

[@milkboi-kags5887]

Can someone help me with what the antecedent, behavior and consequence is in this video?

[@MyGamer125]

What they should've done is get an unbiased observer to pull the tape when someone goes off topic, rather than leave it to their own judgement

[@theramo0]

It’s the removal of negative stimuli

[@jareththegoblinking3191]

I really need to watch Quantum Leap

[@LNCGG]

I’ve seen all 12 seasons like 5 times and the last 6 seasons like 10 times

[@errormachine5056]

People in the comments seem to get this wrong. Negative and positive in this sense mean to add or subtract something, it does not mean good and bad. A positive punishment would be sending someone to jail for committing a crime (thus ADDING a consequence to correct a behavior) and then negative reinforcement would be letting them out early on good behavior (thus SUBTRACTING or removing the punishment) so negative reinforcement IS the removal of a positive punishment. The big common mistake is when people think of positive and negative as good and bad. Negative means to take something away, so negative reinforcement means to take away a positive stimulus.

[@errormachine5056]

As an example of negative punishment, if a child is bad and you take away his video games . That is negative punishment because because it's the removal of something they already have. Therefore you cannot use negative reinforcement in this situation because you can't take away a taken away game. You can , however, give the games back because of good behavior. That would be positive reinforcement; because you are ADDING something to reinforce good behavior.

[@nicbentulan]

1:50 so Sheldon made this mistake with penny & leonard in an earlier season?

[@danielhigginbottom1786]

Howard: " Jump ahead to the stay puff marshmallow man." Leonard: "NO!" Sheldon: "Leonard's right, we can't skip ahead. We have to watch the whole movie."

[@rithviksrinivas2602]

Daniel Higginbottom FUCK THATS FUNNY

[@eldoroonie]

It's always good to play this clip to my psych class, and tell them beforehand "Chupa Chup to the first person who can get me what they got wrong!"

[@davesnothere.]

Watching this was a tangent from studying......

[@shadowknight1121]

I’ll get the popcooorn!🎶

[@davidbarrero525]

Hey someone knows which chapter is it?

[@maxlantigua6765]

Check blackboard!

[@guersomfalcon7544]

1:56 That is not negative reinforcement, but negative punishment.

[@Gilda3110]

Negative is always taking something away. Negative punishment means taking something pleasant away.

[@mpartie]

I'm sorry; Sheldon, in his 'Ghostbusters' reference got it wrong, but arguing the converse is incorrect too. Operant contingencies are defined by their effects, and since there is no such thing as ESP, there can be no effect from the procedure. But for the purpose of the discussion, let's stipulate that ESP does exist and it can be influenced through operant means. Dr. Venkman's methodology is to apply an electric shock for each incorrect response. How that procedure is labeled depends entirely on what is being measured. If what is measured is CORRECT responses, and those responses increase as a consequence of the shock, the procedure would be correctly called negative reinforcement (the subject avoided the shock by producing the desired behavior). If what is being measured is INCORRECT responses, and those responses decrease, then the procedure would be labeled punishment (or punishment by contingent stimulation or positive punishment, or punishment-type 1). The defined behavior was suppressed by coming into contact with the shock. The methodology is the same, but what it is called depends entirely on where you put your eye.

[@aidendavis591]

what episode is this

[@eren96lmn]

as far as i know the definitons are like below (correct me if i'm wrong) positive reinforcerment is giving stimulus to increase a behaviour positive punishment is giving stimulus to decrease a behaviour And in this dialoge if we take the behaviour as focusing on their topic then we can say that it is a positive reinforcement because they give each other stimulus (they put strips of duct tape on their arms and pull them off) to increase their behaviour of focusing their topic. However, on the other side if we take the behaviour as getting distracted then we should say that it is a positive punishment because they give each other the same stimulus to decrease their behaviour of getting distracted. I'm new to these terms and really confused here. captain needed.

[@blakeharvard7513]

+Eren L What is the purpose of pulling the tape off their arms? To decrease the amount of time they stray from topic. A reinforcer always aims to increase behavior and a punishment always aims to decrease a behavior. By definition, it must be a punishment. It is a positive punishment because something is administered to decrease behavior (the tape being pulled). If it were a negative punishment, something would be taken from them...like driving privileges being revoked for excessive traffic fines. Hope this helps.

[@jacobclark9615]

Sheldon even used it wrong when training Penny

[@LG-yv1sv]

which episode is it? im looking for it in german but i dont know the season and the episode.. does anybody know?

[@sportymeg2004]

leonie girol It's from "The Focus Attenuation" (Season 8, Episode 5) which originally aired October 13, 2014

[@TheChancelX]

Haha bin genau aus dem selben Grund hier weils den Ausschnitt nicht auf Deutsch gibt :)

[@gobertludivine1270]

C'est quel épisode de quelle saison ?

[@sarawazzheree1221]

Je ne sais pas

[@rparker3774]

negative reinforcement - taking something unpleasant away.

[@constantdvdcollector]

Like duct tape on your arm

[@lukeohare7102]

What if they didn’t do anything bad. How would they get the tape off

[@Binused]

Honestly this is like still to me. One of the most confusing things and my dog training! Yes it's not just for dog training. It was originally for people but you know we use it in dog training and other trainings

[@GATOWN]

What was their plan to get the ducktape off without ripping it off

[@DarthTwilight]

I'd write a program that kept track of keywords, and if it was devoid of keywords for more than 15 seconds, you'd be shocked by an electrode superglued to your palm.

[@rosepalanivel7383]

Actually - Negative reinforcement is the removal of an 'unpleasant' stimulus to strengthen behaviour. E.g. Removing an after-school detention for good behaviour in class. Others: - Positive reinforcement is the addition of a 'pleasant' stimulant to strengthen behaviour. E.g. Providing students with stickers each time they submit homework to a high standard. - Positive punishment is the addition of an 'unpleasant' stimulus to weaken behaviour. E.g. A class is required to attend an after-school detention for poor behaviour. - Negative reinforcement/ Response Cost- is the removal of a pleasant stimulus to weaken behaviour. E.g. Getting a speeding ticket (removal here- is your money) for speeding OR Mum taking away your playstation for not doing your homework and misbehaving in class. Please feel free to politely correct this if incorrect.

[@iamthewalruscoocoo]

I learned in psychology that positive reinforces: give a positive stimulus (food, attention, money, approval.) whereas negative reinforces, remove something negative (stop nagging kids when they clean their room.) I think it would be a positive reinforcer based on this knowledge. they were "giving" each other pain.

[@ScottBruinsKY]

+iamthewalruscoocoo If they were giving each other pain to discourage each other from being distracted, it would be positive punishment.

[@aeringleason2619]

It would be a positive punishment.. "Positive Punishment An aversive stimuli is added after the behavior to decrease frequency of a behavior"

[@realdavidreyes]

Positive punishment = presentation of a stimulus that as a result decreases the probability of the behavior occurring in the future (e.g. Every time the child grabbed a cookie he was spanked. As a result the child stopped grabbing a cookie) The spanking was presented (positive) and as a result the grabbing of the cookies was decreased (punishment). Positive reinforcement = Presentation of a stimulus that as a result increases the probability of the behavior occurring in the future (e.g. every time the child grabbed a cookie he was spanked. As a result the child kept grabbing a cookie) The spanking was presented (positive) and as a result the grabbing of the cookies continued or increased (reinforcement) Negative punishment = removal of a stimulus that as a result decrease the probability of the behavior occurring in the future (e.g. during play activity the child hit another kid and as a result was put on time out. As a result the child no longer hit other kids.) The removal of the play activity setting (time out) was the negative, and the decrease of the hitting was the *punishment) Negative reinforcement = Avoiding or removal of a stimulus that as a result increases the probability of a behavior occurring. (e.g. The husband, in order to avoid being nagged by his significant other, will take out the trash to remove the stimulus of being yelled at.) Removal of the stimulus (negative) and the increase of taking out the trash (reinforcement) Based on this clip I would say Sheldon is incorrect. From what it looks like is that they are trying to complete the task and the behavior that they are trying to maintain is "on topic statements" The use of the tape is only to create pain when removed. If they are trying to avoid the pain stimulus by staying on topic, they are using Negative reinforcement. At the same time, the presentation of the pain stimulus to decrease the off topic statements means they are presenting a stimulus (positive) to decrease the off topic statements (punishment) So, depending on what behavior you are targeting they are using negative reinforcement or positive punishment.

[@mustardscroll7]

+Soylent Green Yep.

[@mustardscroll7]

Yes, those examples work. My Psychology textbook uses "Punishment by Application" and "Punishment by Removal" instead of "Positive Punishment" and "Negative Punishment", respectively. *Basically*, here is how I think of it: Positive _____: you are APPLYING or adding (+) something Negative _____: you are REMOVING or subtracting (-) something Now the "something" depends on what it is: reinforcement or punishment. Remember: reinforcement makes a behavior more likely to occur, whereas punishment tries to deter the behavior. Hope that helps

[@MyHaytem]

You're wrong brother. In Positive Reinforcement, you would reward the child for grabbing a cookie.

[@realdavidreyes]

@John Doe I wish I has seen this when it was posted but hopefully you've leaned by now that reinforcement or punishment has nothing to do with desired versus undesired but solely on the effect on frequency of behavior.

[@yelloweye420]

1:11 1:21 1:34 1:37 1:42

[@sdkjgbasdkgv]

The tape pulling could have functioned as negative reinforcement through successful avoidance. That is, if the avoidance of the perceived stimulus (the tape pulling) was actually reinforcing the appropriate behaviour of staying on task. However the tape pulling had precisely the opposite effect. Rather than something to be avoided it became a fun game that made staying on task impossible. Therefore it was a stimulus added that made the behaviour to be reinforced, in this case behaviour of staying on task, positively punished. By the way Sheldon is WRONG about negative reinforcement, it is not simply "the removal of a positive stimulus" (there are so many layers of misunderstanding here). It is precisely defined as the escape or avoidance of an AVERSIVE stimulus. The term “negative reinforcement” came to describe a behavioral procedure/process, where a class of responses produced removal from (escape) or avoidance of a negative reinforcer stimulus and, as a consequence, the probability of the response class increased in similar conditions (Skinner, 1953/2005).

[@guythat779]

It only failed cause Sheldon was too petty

[@jackgibsxxx0750]

Dam now my arms are hurting.

[@babylove1010100]

Trying to do my homework on this video but is so confusing can some help me

[@maxlantigua6765]

Still need help?

[@RonnieHouseJr]

Great exqmple of negative reinforcement

[@L251125]

Its incredible how Sheldon always ruins everything

[@jjjones901]

Watch deering clips

[@ashleyp.4932]

Sheldon makes the mistake himself back when he was trying to change Penny's voice register. He said to Leonard if he used negative reinforcement (which consisted of mild electric shocks) he could train her before they go to bed.

[@rickparsent9632]

No kzbin.info/www/bejne/rZC8koiHf6aEibc ...

[@tantan-fe9kp]

But didn’t Sheldon get it wrong as well? Negative reinforcement is the removal of an aversive (bad) stimulus. Hm.

[@olimon63]

You are absolutely right. I am sorry to say that, for once, Sheldon is wong (!). Negative reinforcement is scaping or avoiding an aversive stimulus, just by performing the behavior (that is actually reinforced). A good memory rule is thinking about a rat we want to jump to a platform (behavior) by delivering electric dicharge on the ground she is. She learns jumps to scape/avoid the shock

[@m.f.k2447]

Its a show... Hm

[@carleybradshaw7107]

heres my 2 cents, because the it was intended to be positive punishment (add pain to decrease off task behavior) and it has MEOW increased the off task behavior its positive reinforcement (add pain and the off task behavior increased)

[@bikashsoni4439]

Best

[@gahen8752]

1:11, 1:21, 1:34, 1:38, 1:42

[@alecvenom4311]

1:45 “Now I’m gonna hear it from Jenny” omg 🤦‍♂️Raj is such a girl

[@maxlantigua6765]

Hahahaha!

[@FernandoVazquez-ro1nw]

He is WRONG again. The Removal of a ANY stimulus (more likely pleasant) to decrease a behaviour is Negative Punishment. 😂

[@footballnerd277]

So many psychologists on here thinking they're the bees knees for paying attention in a couple of lectures, good luck getting a job with a degree like that

[@j.j.q1379]

the whole point of going to college? is that you can get a degree vs people who only have a high school, so yeah they can dude better than just having a tiny ass job.

[@footballnerd277]

@@j.j.q1379 It's not the whole point, a lot of people go just to have fun. Psychology is one of the worst degrees there is in terms of educational advancement.

[@MultiSahaji]

@@footballnerd277 this has to be one the most ignorant arguments I've ever seen about the any degree let alone psychology

[@Popo-je7nf]

@@footballnerd277 I agree, It's hard to find a job after getting the degree, The best way is to get master's and a PhD

[@nana-tx8dc]

I like it

[@nestornavarro9761]

What is Operant Conditioning? Who is the famous person associated with it?

[@deborahregina8955]

Operant conditioning is a type of learning that focuses attention on consequences. Negative doesn't mean bad. It's just like in math. It's a removal of something. and positive is the opposite. The idea behind it is that Punishment will likely decrease the undesired behavior and reinforcement will likely increase the desired behavior. Skinner is the psychologist that studied behaviorism and started the research with pigeons.

[@itsivaschannel2391]

Did they really yank out arm hair??

[@barryallen571]

Even Sheldon says negative reinforcement

[@seikibrian8641]

So what if he says it? There is such a thing as negative reinforcement. The point being made is that most people use the term incorrectly, using it to describe actions that are actually positive punishment.

[@TheRaNetwork]

wait so then what is extinction?

[@sportymeg2004]

Reese Archer Extinction is where you ignore a behavior, resulting in that behavior stopping. Extinction can be deliberate - ignoring a temper tantrum in a child, so eventually they give up and don't throw temper tantrums for attention. But you can accidentally use extinction to get rid of desired behavior, too. So it's important to use reinforcement techniques, e.g. "catch them being good."

[@TheRaNetwork]

do you think every behavior is comfort driven? in other words, that we are motivated to be in cognitive equilibrium? Could positive and negative reinforcements be signifiers of cognitive equilibrium (reaching the efficiency of steady state) and punishment and extinction be signifiers of inequilibrium? Or maybe that all four work to achieve cognitive equilibrium and have their unique use per scenario? Like they kind of act like a teeter totter for behavior in my opinion.

[@realdavidreyes]

+Reese Archer Extinction is no longer providing reinforcement for a behavior that has been reinforced in the past. It does not necessarily mean that you ignore a behavior. It just means you no longer provide reinforcement. Think of a vending machine that is broken and spits out your dollar. You continue to put your money in even after it spits it back out. Eventually you stop trying to put your money in. This is called extinction. However, we tend to then engage in extinction burst and try to do the same behavior at a higher intensity or frequency. If the machine then takes the money those new behaviors have now been reinforced.

[@TeslaNick2]

+Megan Deering Exactly. By not reinforcing the behaviour, it fades over time.

[@nikkiela]

Every behavior serves as a response to stimuli. With respect to applied behavior analysis, we do not consider cognitive equilibrium/inequilibrium. B.F. Skinner might refer to these terms as explanatory fictions or hypothetical constructs that do not explain the actual function of the behavior. Behaviors are elicited or evoked to get at something or to stop something.

[@danbadd]

Sheldon got it wrong too.

[@Powercrazed122]

I feel bad for Leonard here. He’s trying so hard to keep them on topic

[@bwgaming9125]

Me trying to do assignments

[@erickvidal4219]

True bro friend ship. It just proves a man can be smart and still do something stupid

[@harrystanley8036]

even shelly got it wrong

[@PapuchoG89]

Negative reinforcement losses stimulus positive adds stimulus

[@imxn1000]

cant jump ahead watch the whole movie LOOOL

[@Jess-lz5pc]

Not their greatest plan, cause whether they went off topic or not they still would've had to rip off the duck tape when they finished 🤣

[@suzannerekseom8909]

Sheldon said negative reinforcement is de removal of a positive stimulus, but that's wrong right? It should be the removal of a negative stimulus. The removal of a positive stimulus would be negative punishment.

[@theoyates9898]

Here from a lesson! Anyone else

[@TheDeathmail]

Actually, linguistically, Negative Reinforcement is correct... see, language is the way we use things... the meaning is decided by how the majority use it... So if you use pain (negative) to stop the behavior, then it works. Remember, not everyone is a scientist and language is based off of usage, not a specific community. Linguistic definition and scientific definition are 2 different things.

[@robertafarrugiadebono1291]

It's still wrong... Negative reinforcement is the removal of aversive stimulus to increase a behaviour.... They tried to amend the mistake in S3 but still got it wrong

[@ahrenstarr6273]

Sheldon also gets it wrong in season 1 so...

[@kerryannbryan8853]

hate this show but it literally help me understand operant conditioning

[@JohnSmith-sy6zm]

WHO IS JENNY?!

[@DeukJK]

Kim