Origins of the Norse and the Forgotten Scandinavian People

[@Neatling]

For those who are confused about the Jutes, since 500 years later a Danish king in Jutland united Denmark, here's a summary of how things went down: It's 400 AD and Jutland is inhabited by the Jutes. The Danes invade and replace the people there, making Jutland inhabited by Danes. Denmark is split between several smaller kingdoms. 500 years pass and now the Kingdom in Jutland (which is Danish) unites Denmark. So Denmark was not united by Jutes. Denmark was united by Danes from Jutland.

[@HBKnowItAll]

I had noticed a mistake in your video, you said that the Danes conquered the Jutes around 200 AD, it would be more accurate to say they were conquered around 400 AD.

[@BobatBG]

Question: I recall some reference to digs in SW England of areas in Britain that are thought of as being settled by the Jutes, as opposed to the Angles or Saxons. Interestingly, they reported that the burial customs were more like what was seen from Frankish tribes than those of Jutland. They thought it possible that instead of Jutes coming directly from Jutland, there was a hypothesis that the Jutes left Jutland, came into contact with the Franks, adopted their culture to a degree, and then migrated across the channel to Britain. Do you know anything about that? It seems to me, they were just as likely to have been digging up some Frankish graves that migrated to Britain... how can you really tell if you are digging up a grave of a Jute or a Frank?

[@Epicrandomness1111]

@@BobatBG we know for a fact that the Jutes seem to have moved to/been involved in Frisia, which puts them much closer to the Franks, and can explain why Frisian and English are so similar, as many Frisians would've also moved to Britain with the Jutes.

[@flame9826]

J is pronounced like Y in Germanic languages except for English. So, they were [Yutes]

[@nathanaelsallhageriksson1719]

I can tell taht you're danish by how you say Skåne/Skåneland, lol. Greetings from sweden.

[@davidjames4915]

If you were including the Angles, Jutes and Saxons, you should probably have included the Frisians as well since even to this day Frisians live in the islands off the west coast of Jutland.

[@skaldlouiscyphre2453]

The Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians represent their own weird bloc in between Western and Northern Germanic cultures. Most Frisians are Dutch these days but their language retains distinct pronunciation rules that sorta resemble English.

[@honkytonk4465]

The Frisians live on the Cimbrian Peninsula since the middle ages.They came from the northern Netherlands.

[@c.i.a8359]

@jaep struiksma What do frisian people think about other germanics.

[@DoDaDaDaDaCaDa]

The Burgundians, Lombards.

[@julius879]

I don't think there are any Frisians living on the North Frisian Islands though...

[@monstermapping7209]

Actually the kings of Sweden where called ”the king of Svealand AND Götaland” a very long time. Until the 1700s.

[@Neatling]

Indeed. The 1200's is just around when it's believed they had been mostly "Sweedified". But they likely still retained some Geat identity for longer, even though they spoke Swedish. Just like how some people in Skåne still feel a connection to Denmark, and their dialect is a lot closer to Danish than "regular" Stockholm Swedish, despite them having been "sweedified".

[@angaudlinn]

It was removed from the king's title in 1973, which is a bit hilarious since it also mentions "Vender" too, often referring to the people in the baltic regions of present day Germany.

[@hamstsorkxxor]

@@Neatling The geats and the swedes probably didn't speak their own languages, nor did they have particularly diffrent cultures. They spoke proto-Norse and later on they spoke norse and east-Norse. It is probably a bit weird even referring to them as diffrent peoples. Rather, it is probably more correct to think of them almost as tribes. Same language, same gods, same culture (or very close). What separated them was probably just power dynamics, ie. who they considered as leaders and which House you were loyal to.

[@Neatling]

@@hamstsorkxxor They were similar and different in the same way the Danes and Swedes were similar and different from one another. Not the Danes nor the Geats were Swedes. But yes they did all speak the same language. And were very similar. And the split certainly was political mostly. With very few cultural differences. Political divides is what would later decide the increasing cultural divides. Since the Swedes conquered the Geats they became Swedes. Had they remained independent we would probably have a Geatish language today which would be somewhere in between Danish and Swedish. Had the Danes conquered them instead they would have become Danes.

[@hamstsorkxxor]

@@Neatling That doesn't quite sound right to me, even Danes and Sweds still spoke the same language (old east norse) untill the early 12th century or something like that. After that Danish started differentiating by gradual change and continental influence. Meanwhile, old swedish was spoken in swealand as well as in western and eastern götaland and was more conservative and didn't change as much untill major shifts occured around the 14th century. This was at least partly due to the influence of low-German speaking hanseatic merchants. What I mean is that the Geats spoke old east norse (same as the Swedes) until after the split between swedish and danish. Chronologically, there is no space for there to have been a lost Geatish language. And I don't think I can make predictions to what the what-if scenarios were the Geats stayed a separate kingdom from the Swedes, or the Geats had been the politically dominant part in the formation of Sweden. Maybe modern swedish language would have diffrent, but maybe not.

[@tonyjohansson7567]

Some rest of the Geets live on in modern Swedish language, where the dialects of Götaland have a prounanciation that differs from the sounds of Sveamål.

[@HailWoden18]

Götamål?

[@FeaNordica]

Those differences are fairly recent. Some place-names could be argued to be much older though.

[@user-ys7eh9kx9p]

Ye we geats (götar) sound so funny to the rest of the sveamåm sweden

[@SuperCrazyfin]

I was literally just thinking about your channel. Glad to see a new video from you.

[@theobolt250]

This was a joy to watch. The idea that all these people had one origin which developed over time into different peoples and languages.... veeeerrryyyy gradually... somehow that's a pleasing, comforting thought. And it brought something back to my memory. Here in the Netherlands we hold a piece of parchment (actually it's a a scribble on an unused space in a prayerbook which was found in the Abbey of Rochester, England) on which a poem is scribbled as the oldest written record of our language; Dutch. The wording is "hebban olla uoagala nestas..." (the whole stretch is about two sentenses long). The meaning of the poem is all birds are nesting, exept you and me, what are we waiting for? It was written somewhere around the year 1075 by a monk who's job was the copying of latin manuscripts. It is supposed that this monk was of Flemish descent. (the southern part of the Dutch speaking area which now is the northern part of Belgium). But it wasn't quite clear which accent he wrote it in, because of some variation in the spelling of a few words. The language is officially known as West Lower Frankish. This is the direct forerunner of Old Dutch. But because of the ambiguity of this tit bit of language there was some doubt: could it be... Kentish after all? (Rochester lies in Kent, an English county). So here we are, in the heart of the Middle Ages and we cannot clearly discern what is what from a linguistic point of view. Kentish was an accent which stood more or less on itself in Anglo Saxon territory. Then we have a flemisch monk. And the forebearer of the Dutch Language. Interesting fact Kent is presumed to be settled by the last of the Geats.

[@TheBernhardEwers]

The Geats where neither conquered nor assimilated. In fact it seems as though the formation of the kingdom of Sweden was driven mainly from the southern, geatish lands in conjunction with swedes to the north.

[@DualRiderAdv]

Very true....

[@amemabastet9055]

Before Birger Jarl made Stockholm the main city for the administration, the main king's castle was at Näs at the southern tip of Visingsö in the lake Vättern, midway between East Götaland and Western Götaland. The kings alternated between the Erik kings of the West and the Sverker kings of the East. There was no specific place that was the capital as in "where the king lives" as kings were chosen and did not inherit the title. The king had to go around to meet with people, solve problems and network to be chosen again next round, if he wasn't murdered..

[@TheBernhardEwers]

@@amemabastet9055 I completely agree with your description.

[@jakoboster9386]

Agree!

[@MarcelGomesPan]

Agreed.

[@vergil8833]

The nordic bronze age is represeted way too small on the map. We know that there was a norse bronze age building as far north as Tromsø in Norway. Also regarding the earlier tribes of Norway, there are a few, but most notably it is the Rugii whom were considered a gothic people, which greatly expands the gothic region aswell since the Rugii were from the west of Norway. They're known for being one of the gothic tribes that joined Attila according to the Romans. This is substansiated by the large amount of hunnic medallions found in Norway. The largest amount of gold found in Scandinavia in one place during the Migration Era is actually the depot of hun medallions in Norway, but that was on the eastern side of Norway, likely also one of the gothic tribes, but likely not seperated from the traditional swedish goths because of how close they really are.

[@runarkarlsen9772]

Ryger/Rugians ended up in Rogaland (west Norway), but came from the Island Rugen north of Germany. This island may have been a connection point/port which was used for reference, while the people may have come from further away. But not so far, they are sure Nordics.

[@vergil8833]

​@@runarkarlsen9772 I don't think it is likely that they came from Rugen since they were considered a gothic people, and considering that theres no new DNA appearing in the region of Rogaland in that period and later periods tells us that they not only ended up there, but that they were from there. Otherwise the genetic mark would be noticable.

[@olavtryggvason1194]

@@runarkarlsen9772 Sometimes the same tribal name was used by populations which lived in different areas. An example were the celtic Volcae. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcae

[@kayhansen9229]

What do you think about the aliens that look Nordic do you think that the Nordic humans are descended from the Nordic aliens. I happen to live in a UFO hotspot in California where I observed anti-gravity craft as far back as 1969 so this is a very real thing to me no snickering no joking. This was an every night every year thing until my parents moved away from this home so I have extensive time watching them. I know we are descended from the African continent but that's just our Earthly history has anybody else seriously thought of this I am dead serious. I was asking a black friend of mine and I am of Swedish descent and German descent and I said do you think that white people just descended from the Africans and then just turned white after a long time and he said he looked at me and we both looked at each other and I said I think there's more to the picture than we know and he agreed with me. It's not just that simple.

[@niller88]

Nice to see one of my Danish brothers on the scene. Great videos man - I just found your channel and am thoroughly hooked!

[@elsquidwardo]

Honestly you are one of my favorite history channels you deserve so much more subs

[@calbackk]

To mention Stockholm in this context is very anachronistic, since it was not even above sea level by this time. The central region of the Svea people was Uppsala.

[@herrbonk3635]

But "the region around modern Stockholm" would be Svealand, Mälardalen, Uppsala, etc.

[@olavtryggvason1194]

Yes the island where Stockholm was founded was inhabitable first later in the middle ages when the land level had risen. The tribal area of the Svear - by Tacitus called Suiones - was the area around the lake Mälaren which at that time was a huge bay of the Baltic Sea. The country was divided up in the regions Uppland = the upper land, Västmanland = the land of the men in the West and Södermanland = the land of the men in the South. The border to the gothic people further in the South was a large and deep bay which is called Bråviken. It stretches many miles inland to the modern city of Norrköping. Central places in Svealand = Svithiod were Gamla Uppsala, Vendel, later Sigtuna and the area of Västerås.

[@_loss_]

"the region around modern Stockholm" "the region around modern Stockholm" "the region around modern Stockholm"

[@tenbroeck1958]

Well done. It explains why my people are northern Germans, but I have close DNA matches (Y-DNA) with Danish and sometimes, but less often, with Swedish and Norwegian men. Great video and lesson

[@stefansoder6903]

Excellent! Thank you. Only one thing: I would not call it "lost people". They simply merged to another ethnicity by name. Much of it had to do with alliances by kings and lords.

[@DonnaGisellaTranchel]

Exactly? What was lost??? 🇸🇪🇸🇪🇸🇪🦩

[@thedwightguy]

I have three so-called pure grandparents (two Norwegian, one Swede) who PROBABLY come from remote rural areas of both countries. And one French-Canadian as the fourth. One of these days I'll have to do a genetic test and see what weird stuff may come up.

[@constantinethecataphract5949]

What if scandinavians completely colonized the brittish isles and made them part of the scandinavian realm (By killing of the native inhabitans and assimilating the remaining ones as well as settling a much bigger population than original timeline ? ) What if the boers went to australia instead of south africa

[@Neatling]

I would first like to point out that they kinda sort of were already a part of the Scandinavian realm before the Normans invaded. Anglo-Saxon was originally already very similar to old Norse, and mutually intelligible. Meaning that speakers of either language could get along with each other in a conversation to some extent. Anglo-Saxons became even closer to Norse, as the Danish Vikings who controlled most of England started settling and influenced Anglo-Saxons significantly. Even after the Anglo-Saxons basically had a little Dane genocide, they were still forever impacted by this Norse influence. In all likelihood, if the Danelaw had succeeded, they would not have killed of the native inhabitants. They would just influence Anglo-Saxon even more, making it an increasingly Scandinavian language. What would happen to English after that depends on whether the Normans conquer England or not. If they do, English would probably still be very similar to how it is today. The Germanic portions of English would just be more Norse/Scandinavian. Americans and brits might say attercop instead of spider, skit/skidt instead of shit, and bekker/bæk instead of stream. If the Normans don't conquer England, It would undoubtedly remain a part of the Scandinavian realm. More Danish and Norwegian kings would attempt to take the English throne, and some English kings may attempt the opposite. It also increases the likelihood of more unions between England and Denmark in the future. Perhaps the Kalmar Union even includes England, and becomes even more of a medieval power house. But I'm certain internal power struggles would emerge, just like they did in our timeline. This worlds "Nordics" would probably be a continuous competition between the Danes, Swedes and English, unless the Kalmar Union, or some alternate Union succeeds. The English do have a clear advantage, but the most likely challenger would probably be Denmark, which much like England had a pretty beefy population size compared to the others. And lots of arable land.

[@Spoon80085]

@@Neatling People forget that the House of Denmark owned England for (off the top of my head) 60 years. Even today, Norwegian and English are closer than English is to French (I just hit 1 year on duolingo)

[@GokkeSokkenDK]

@@Spoon80085 Probably because English and Norwegian are both Germanic languages whereas French is a Romance language, just like Italian, Spanish etc

[@Spoon80085]

@@GokkeSokkenDKIt’s more like the grammar and words are similar. For a lot of words, you could guess them without speaking norwegian. French obviously has had different effects being on the continent that English, but was never really the same as English

[@TheJonnyjoh]

@@Spoon80085 French had a pretty significant influence on english, I would argue. There are some grammatical rules that english copied from french and there are quite a few words they took over - bœuf and beef, garnison and garrison and many many others. A complete entry regarding that can be found on wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influence_of_French_on_English

[@peterpeter3654]

"Conquered" the Sami and the Finns. For a long time, they barely moved inland from the coastal areas leaving at least the Sami untouched for centuries up until the 1900s.

[@karlxgustav3336]

Lapland was for a very long time a “Wild West” without any authority or civilisation

[@peterpeter3654]

@@karlxgustav3336 False. You don´t get to decide what makes civilization or not.

[@nemolom]

The germanic and sami peoples have had a close relationship since at least the viking age, when Snorri mentions people who most likely were sami. Sami influence stretches into the southern half of Norway even today. Intermarriage was not uncommon, and families who could draw from the knowledge of both cultures were more likely to survive on the harsh coast. Hybrid cultures were never popular with the race theorists of the 1800s, whose harmful influence is still felt today - but I imagine it´s probably right to characterize much of former northern Norwegian culture as hybrid - until the organized suppression of the sami succeded in viping most of the sami influences away.

[@olavtryggvason1194]

From the 16th century and onwards the relation between the Germanic people and the Sami became more and more unsymmetrical, the Germanic people in Sweden and Denmark-Norway being the conquerors and the Sami the conquered. The rights of the Sami people to their own land were more aned more limited by their oppressors. The story is very similar to the American fronteer where "the West was won" (=stolen) from the indigeneous population. Still today there are active mechanisms of oppression - in modern shape. Shame on the modern Scandinavian democracies for their colonial behaviour. The "samebyar" can be seen as reservations. All was stolen from the Sami - the right to their land, the right to their language, the right to their faith. the right to all the minerals in the ground in their land - Malmberget, Gällivare, Kiruna - the right to the water power, the right to use the deep forest land for their reindeer in winter time, the right to be recognized as Sami also when you dont own any reindeers. And always the Germanic population decided what the Sami were allowed to do or not. There is a newly published book on this topic in Sweden. I have it in preparation for reading. The title is "När vi var samer" = When we were Sami. The authors name is Mats Jonsson. The Sami should be given back their country Sapmi - all of it or at least a large part of it.

[@profwaffel]

That is inaccurate, and I personally descend from a trader from Bornholm and a sami girl in the 17th century, meeting inland at a trading post.

[@tohe0000]

Nice and bold touch to calculate with Doggerland. I think the Geats and Swedes are exactly the same people that still live there. They merged from necessity. The old laws from that region are "fun" to read. The Geats vs. Swedes had ridiculous punishment between themselves. Does Norrlandia emerge later or was it too densely populated or distances to great bring up?

[@frankie7529]

Thank you, that is really interesting. As a Briton, we know that our Islands were conquered by various peoples from Scandinavia throughout the Dark ages but I didn't have any idea of how the Angles, Saxons and Jutes were replaced by the Danes in Jutland, before they also then invaded Britain.

[@honkytonk4465]

The Saxons didn't settle in Jutland

[@frankie7529]

@@honkytonk4465 I think they were at one time in part of the south of Jutland, just a little bit.

[@feldgeist2637]

well, regarding the Angles, they replaced themselves pretty much I'm a detectorist from old continental Anglia and there was a severe population decline shortly after 500AD, lasting for nearly 300 years - not only is it mentioned in most of the few old stories about the region, but it's also nearly impossible to find here anything pre-viking dating to after the early 6th century ....and when it comes to Saxons, never conquered by Danes outside of England

[@frankie7529]

@@feldgeist2637 interesting. So they all just left for Britain and maybe other places. Saxony is now in East Germany so I assume at some point they also left their homeland, with some moving to Britain and others moving inland and east.

[@feldgeist2637]

@@frankie7529 well, the Jutes left partly, the Angles pretty much all, but the Saxons, for some reason, were just to plenty they were still strong enough in their 500AD homelands (basically modern Schleswig Holstein south of the Eider swamps, Lower Saxony and surrondings, including parts of the eastern Netherlands) to trouble Franks and Thuringians after the invasion of Brittain, and also participating in almost every other migration event around that time ending up in Spain with either Vandals or Suevi, don't remember which of them they also acompanied the Longobards on their way to Italy, but then left again we got some saxon finds from the northern french coast and the Seine region they were further spreading troughout modern Germany, most of the Territories along the southern baltic coasts were settled by saxons since medieval times, finnish name for Germans is actually Saxons (Saksa) you find saxon enclaves all over inner eastern Europe, most famously I think the ones in Transylvania/Siebenbürgen from Portugal to Russia you'll find historical saxon regions I mean not all of them were true Saxons. some later german settlers in Russia might have been called Saxons just bc they mostly came from whats now called Saxony and those aren't true Saxons, rather some allemanic bajuvaro-franko-thuringian, and maybe a tiny bit saxon, Germans with a western slavic touch to them but still, Saxons, also true ones, never were rare but rather everywhere ......migrationally speakin, they are somewhat the other Goths

[@jacobbaxter7246]

you’re missing the Hyperboreans, but that’s alright.

[@adolfhitler3342]

Hyperborean agartha hours

[@williamm1014]

Who were the hyperboreans? And what is hyperborea?

[@draphotube4315]

They were a race of fair and tall people living around/on the North there are theories the poles have entrances into a realm called Hyperborea or Agartha!

[@Direblade11]

Bad joke time: He didn't mention Hyperboreans because they're Hyperbore-ing! Buh-dum tsss

[@alexanderrose1556]

We are the hyperboreans.

[@QueenLiliTheRed]

I am Norwegian, some say we are descended from Aesir and Odin who was a nobleman from Troy the grandson of King Priam of Troy and the Trojans as Thor Heyerdahl suggests this with evidence from sea of azov. Alot of us and great viking kings have rhe Y dna called R1a, and any anglos with this haplogroup are viking descent especially clan donald or house of somerled

[@MrWallinor]

If you paus at 0:26. The landmass you se between Denmark and Great brittain is called Doggerland.

[@johnlastname8752]

You forgot about the Gutnish people of Gotland. They still have their own identity and language to this day.

[@johnlastname8752]

@David Nilsson It's classified as a dialect by the Swedish government, but it's really it's own language. It deviated from the other North Germanic languages before they split into the West North Germanic and East North Germanic, which basically means that Swedish is a closer relative to Icelandic than Gutnish. The reason why Gutnish is so similar to Swedish now is because of a ton of exposure.

[@johnlastname8752]

@David Nilsson I'm Swedish too, so that doesn't help your argument. Like I said earlier, Gutnish has been exposed to Swedish for a really long time so there are a lot of similarities and I can understand Gutnish. But it's still its own language because it split off from the other North Germanic languages so early.

[@Taeerom]

@David Nilsson Gutnish people are speaking Swedish with a gutnish accent/dialect with swedes. But it is for sure also its own language. A bit like Scots in that regard (which is a different thing than scottish english). The gutnish I've heard, as a Norwegian, sounds much closer to faeroese to me than it sounds like swedish.

[@tintin8602]

So often when I read comments concerning my history, they come from people who don`t know... But here are people with knowledge! I enjoy it.

[@jonassundell9366]

Such a great overviu... You have this perfectly. Greetings from Gothenburg. Jonas.

[@olavtryggvason1194]

There are two very valuable books on the topic, both of them published 2021. One of them written by Sven Rosborn living in and coming from Malmö. This book reveals new findings on the Danish king Harald Gormsson Bluetooth, his reign and his time. The other one is written by Kristina Ekero Eriksson and published i Swedish - "Vikingatidens vagga" = The Cradle of the Viking Era. It treats archeological findings of the two centuries that preceded the Viking Age, the so called Vendel era. These two books eludicate very much of the early Scandinavian history, completing previous knowledge. I am reading both books right now.

[@olavtryggvason1194]

In Ekerö Erikssons book it is claimed that a natural disaster in the year 536 and the following years was crucial for the development of tribal societies in central and northern Europe. There were severel "years without summer", which meant starvation in a time when all people lived in self-sustaining communities. The cause of this meteorologic disaster was probably a big volcano eruption in Eastern Asia, similar to that of the Tambora in 1815 causing the European famine in 1816 and earlier the eruption of the Thera in the Mediterranean, which wiped out the older Minoan culture. Archeological findings tell that the tribal cultures from before 536 dissolved and that new tribal cultures and cultural patterns were established in the post-disaster era. They were still Germanic people but their social structures changed. This era of reconstruction was by Archeologists calles the Vendel era (550-800) after a place in Sweden with many archeological findings.

[@PimplePopp-xy6nw]

This really shows the influence of Denmark

[@beersmurff]

The danish lands are a trainstation for cultures 🙂

[@robert_wigh]

Pretty good video, although I would like to point out, that the Germanic people's of Sweden and Norway for centuries have lived along side Finns and Sami, resulting in intercultural marriages and, of course, assimilatation of their children. In fact, it is estimated that about every 10th Swede has at least one Finish ancestor historically, although they might not identify as Finns or even be aware of their Finnish origin. Anyways, thank you for the video, and greetings from Östergötland (East Gothland)

[@herptek]

There has been some internal migration to Sweden from Finland during the Swedish rule. This kind of migration is not the only source of common admixture however, since both Finns and Swedes have assimilated populations of Saamic people. Tacitus probably referred to the semi-nomadic Saami people who still inhabited wider areas of Scandinavia and Finland during the first century AD when he spoke about the primitive "fenni" people. Now Finland is named after them, but Tacitus' description doesn't match what is known about Balto-Finnic peoples. Finns are by the origins a late bronze age and early iron age people related to Estonians and Karelians, later comers to the scene than the Saami and the peoples before any Uralic or Indo-European peoples before them. In Finnish language the word for Finland, Suomi, is possibly derived from a word referring to the Saami. Baltic Finns displased much of formerly Saamic territories and it is possible that a finnicized name for the region stuck and remained in use.

[@ladahieno2382]

Perfect video for return! ...Neo-North Sea Empire when?

[@skaldlouiscyphre2453]

When Prince William marries a Swedish girl.

[@honkytonk4465]

No chance,northern Europe will become a caliphate

[@ladahieno2382]

@@honkytonk4465 not before it becomes a commune

[@galenbjorn443]

Make Scandinavia great again

[@frankklein4872]

Then breed Viking babies, and aplenty

[@Nabium]

I thought this would be about the Rugi and other smaller Scandinavian tribes who ended up assimilating with the Goths, Longobards, Burgundians, Vandals, Scythians and Huns. During the migration period we see a lot of these tribes merging and lines becomes blurry. The Burgundians for example probably have their roots in Scandinavia, but were very seperate from the Norse by language and culture by the time their language first got recorded, probably due to all the mixing and assimilation going on. And similarily while the Huns weren't even Germanic, there were large groups of Scandinavian origin among them. Arguably none of these tribes really disappeared. Just like how the Geats/Goths continued as a regional identity under a Swedish nation, the same can be said with the Rugi and other smaller Norwegian tribes. They might have made their mark on Europe before assimilating and disappearing, but the ones who remained in Scandinavia kept their local identity. You'll still find Rogalendinger if you go to Norway today, even though some of them settled a kingdom in Austria.

[@olavtryggvason1194]

Actually there is a region in western Norway where the Rugi may have been dwelling - Rogaland east of Stavanger.

[@Nabium]

@@olavtryggvason1194 That's what I said, yes.

[@olavtryggvason1194]

@@Nabium Sorry for repeating your message. I did not read your text thoroughly to the end.

[@Nabium]

@@olavtryggvason1194 No worries, mate.

[@RegebroRepairs]

A bit of unnecessary detail: It's weird to talk about the geats as a "conquered people". It's simply that the power fights between the Geat kings and the Svea kings about who should rule Sweden ended with Svea kings winning. The fact that there even was such fights also show that it was originally a union. The people themselves likely did not care and were not involved in the fighting, and as there is no discernable cultural difference, even calling them "people" is a bit misleading, as it's more of tribes than anything else. So was the geats conquered? Nah, but I do think you could say that Götaland (the land of the geats) was. We know of an example of the sort of union that probably took place. The Gutar (on Gotland) also fought with the kings of Svealand, and after a loss they sent a person called Avar Strabein to negotiate a deal, and it was agreed that the Svea king should be able to collect taxes on Gotland, but in compensation, the Svea king should come to Gotlands defence if it got attacked. This definitely strengthens the case that The Geats and the Svear created a union, as you mention, probably to protect against the Danes. Also, and this is definitely gritty details I would not expect you to include: A large part of what is today seen as Götaland was probably not involved in any of this. The region known as Småland, indeed meaning "small lands", remained as small independent fiefdoms refusing to submit to anyone, and retaining their local political structure with "hundreds" well into the middle ages. (A hundred is even smaller than a shire, so that's really small). Småland can absolutely be called conquered, but not fully so until 1542!

[@KornettenJoel]

Jag håller inte riktigt med dig om att småland inte kan anses helt erövrat tills efter Dackefejden, det var helt standard i Europa att gränsländer hade större egen lokal auktoritet än hjärtlandet, enda fram tills Napoleonkrigen! Den mest markanta och långvariga störningen i smålands självstyre var de skånska krigens slut, som cementerade Småland som en del av det svenska hjärtlandet, med skåne som det nya gränslandet Har inte några medeltida eriksgator gått till småland för att mota småländska hyllningar?

[@RegebroRepairs]

@@KornettenJoel Mja, dom medeltida Eriksgatorna stannade till i Jönköping. Om det är för att man inte vågade sig längre ner, till Värend, där Smålands maktcentrum verkar ha legat, det vet jag inte. Men det spelar ingen roll om det var vanligt med självständiga gränsområden, poängen är att den Svenska Kungen inte hade så mycket att säga till om i Småland, och inte var så bra på att får folk att betala skatt. Så när Gustav Vasa kommer till makten och vill ändra på det, då blir det uppror och inbördeskrig. Och om Småland var ett gränsland, då var ju stora delar av Sverige ett gränsland. Vi kan jämföra med Gotland, som också hade en dispyt med Sveakungen om hur mycket han hade att säga till om egentligen. Fast på 1200-talet. Lite skillnad, där. Den konflikten ledde till sura Gotlänningar, som i reagereade genom att skriva Gutasagan, där man noggrant påpekar att Gotland *egentligen* är självständigt. Men man gjorde som Kungen sa, och betalade hans skatter ändå. Det blev inte nåt krig av det.

[@Vitorruy1]

they were all the same, danes, swedes, all shared the same culture and language

[@niklassvensson1566]

I live in the province of Blekinge and i am still a Geat...as far as i know.

[@user-ys7eh9kx9p]

Best comment ! Östergötland Västergötland stil exist

[@Boss70305]

You said that the geats of Götaland were conquered by the swedes. We don’t know if this is entirely true, as the early swedish, christian kingdom in the early 1000s was kind of centralised in Götaland. As someone else mentioned, the king of Sweden had the title ”King of Swedes and Geats” until the 1900s.

[@antiwacks4017]

Svea, göta och vendes?

[@Boss70305]

@@antiwacks4017 The three major groups that lives in modern day Sweden were the Geats, Swedes and Gutes. The Gutes lived on the island of Gotland east of Sweden. The vendes were a slavic tribe who may have originated in Sweden, just as the Goths and Herules. But this is just speculations, we can never know for certain as we don’t have any evidence of it.

[@swedishmetalbear]

@@Boss70305 You are speaking about Bjällboätten aren't you? That was about 200-300 years after the Swedes assumed power over the Geats. Erik Segersäll and Olof Skötkonung were kings before Birger Jarls sons were kings. And there was some Danish intervention inbetween both of these times.

[@Boss70305]

@@swedishmetalbear Nah mate I’m talking about the bronze- and ironage. In the sagas we can read about wars between the geatish and swedish tribes, and some people claim that the Swedes somehow “won” and had power over the geats. But no evidence points to this direction. Rather it seems like the Geats and Swedes had their own kings in the beginning and when Christianity took over, and one single king was introduced, his power may have been centralised either in the lands of the Geats (west) and in the lands of the Swedes (east), depending on which specific king we talk about. So we can’t say that the Swedes overcame the Geats.

[@olavtryggvason1194]

@@Boss70305 No but by using this title the Swedes wanted to claim their rule over slavic tribes in e.g. Russia, where Swedish Vikings had founded own kingdoms. Danish vikings tried the same with slavic tribes om the southern side of the Baltic sea. There were also alliances. King Harald Gormsson was married to the daughter of a slavic tribal chief from the Obodrites. Sweyn Forkbeard was therefore to one half of slavic origin.

[@tommy-er6hh]

a well made video, but given the title "the Forgotten Scandinavian People" I was hoping for more on the Cimbri or Teutons both of whom left Jutland Denmark to invade Roman Republican south Gaul/France. Or maybe something about the Gauls or the Vandals, those invaders of Rome, both of whom claim to originate from Sweden in the area near what is now Stockholm. Or the Burgundians who claim to come from the Isle of Bornholm. Or even the Lombards, the last invaders of Italy from the north, who claimed to originate from the Denmark islands or Jutland. A nice video, but the title led to a bit of let down.

[@bruhnisher5454]

The northerners... or Norse if you don't have much time, are exploring. They go north, from the north to the northern north. They find some land, two kinds of land and they name them accordingly. PRANKED

[@rullvardi]

You got that from history of the world i guess or whatever it's called

[@thehoogard]

@@rullvardi Where the hell are we?

[@gunnarhognason7222]

Those 2 different lands the Norse found have names, Iceland and Greenland and they totally pranked everybody by giving them opposite names to keep people away from Iceland and let them go to Greenland....Iceland should have the name of Greenland and Greenland should have the name of Iceland, and still today many people think Iceland is cold and covered with ice when it's very green and they don't believe it because of the name ICELAND😳 It was a bad ass prank

[@beersmurff]

@@gunnarhognason7222 Greenland is named after the green mos and grass covering the hill sides in the fjords when the Norse came to settle. They came in the summer. If you go to the south-western settlements even today during summer you can clearly see green is the dominant color on all the hill sides around the fjords. Just plain green. No trees or much shrubbery. Very bright green mos and grass.

[@robertdavie1221]

Where did the first people you mentioned around 10000 BC come from?

[@KarimTheilgaard]

Great to see more Scanian/Skånelandsk history and information being showcased and the cultural and linguistic ties to present day Denmark that, after centuries of oppression and even being buried to this very day, is starting to gain more presence in the region. Keep it up!

[@olavtryggvason1194]

Living in Lund I would prefer that Sweden would hand over Scania or the whole Skåneland and give it back to Denmark - peacefully of course.

[@olavtryggvason1194]

Listening carefully to the Scanian dialekt (skånska) and its diphtong system I found similarities with the diphtong system in written Old English before 1066. In the Scanian dielect you can meet double vowels like "eo" and "iu". Of course this is not written, only spoken. Living in Scania (Skåne) I am not from the area myself but good friend to several dialect speakers. BTW the Scanian dialect is not identical to the vowel system in Danish. Scania is different from Sweden, but it was also different from Denmark when it was a part of it until 1658. As far as we know Scania was conquered for Denmark in the year 964 by a member of the Danish royal family who was called Guldharald. He was supported by mercenaries from Jomsborg, and he was installed by king Harald Bluetooth as the first vice king of Scania. In 970 he was killed in a conflict with the king, who was his uncle, and he was replaced by the kings younger brother Toke Gormsson. Guldharald had only managed to conquer the southwestern part of Scania, the area which many centuries later later became the Swedish province Malmöhus län. The other part of Scania, the Northeast, was conquered later. But there is still much unclear about this period due to lack of good records.

[@AlltNorrOmAleArNorrland]

FANTASTIC VIDEO!! I imagine that the historic Danes originally came from Sjealand and Skaneland. I also believe that the Geats may have joined the Swedes to defend themselves from the Danes in the south. (Especially if many of their men were fighting and raiding on the continent by that time).

[@olavtryggvason1194]

There is a lot of lingual confusion about the geats having inhabited and still living in southern Sweden (Götaland). In some old sources they are called goths (gotones), in other geats (getae). I think the reason is that the latin language lacks a special vowel för the "ö", which is in the middle between "o" and "e" (German pronunciation). Therefore it is sometimes transcribed as an e (getae) and sometimes by other authors as an o (gotones). The visigoths and ostrogoths still survive in the names of the landscapes Västergötland and Östergötland. A connection between them antd the goths which had left Scandinavia and settled in the former Roman empire can be traced to a rune stone in Östergötland, the famous Röksten from the 9th century. On this stone a famous king of the ostrogoths is mentioned, Theodoric the Great, who ruled in Ravenna. This shows that there were still connections between the goths that had left their homeland long time ago and those who had remained. Btw the diphtong system in Old English from the Viking era and in the modern dialect of Scania is very similar.

[@beersmurff]

@Neatling where does the Cimbri and Teutones fit in here? They lived in Jutland and Schleswig in Roman times and mentioned by the Romans. Were they Jutes or did they move south to migrate as many claim before the Jutes came?

[@HaavardFonnelandPettersen]

Why does this video lag horribly on Chromecast? Other videos, even 4k ones, play without hickups.

[@inkarnator7717]

As far as I know, the people that got to Scandinavia first have little in common with the Norse that appear later in history. Isn't it almost certain that the Norse originate from steppe-dwelling Indo-Europeans, that migrated to the region later and made it their own? I would have loved a bit more detail on that front.

[@IPlayWithFire135]

I too wondered what relevance the paleolithic reference had. We have no idea if that culture was even related to the one that was eventually indo-europeanized by the early Germanic peoples migrating from the east into Scandinavia. Pre-Indo-european Europe is largely opaque to us linguistically, with almost no traces left except for Basque in Spain and ancient Etruscan in Italy, and that doesn't tell us anything about how many languages or language families may have been around.

[@profwaffel]

You are right. However, the Sami people are genetically the remains of the old paleolithic European population, by way of what is now Spain…

[@larshansson9814]

That's true. Probably the most important factor in Scandinavian history. But the importance of this immigration is a bit of news lately through DNA analysis. Probably why many misses it.

[@noraswe]

@@profwaffel What do you mean? the Sami orgins are pretty obscure , they might be from volga or siberia but they did settle in sweden just 2000 years ago

[@profwaffel]

@@noraswe New DNA analysises show new and surprising evidence about us Samis, look it up :)

[@asgautbakke8687]

Having read some very early history from Scandinavia, I think I can fill in some details. The literary term "Edda" refers to two works, called the Poetic Edda and the Didactic Edda, alternatively the Old and Young Edda. The former is a collection of ancient mythology and the main source of Norse mythology, the latter is from the 13th century, authored by the Icelandic politician, historian and poet Snorre Sturlason. Snorre explains that the god Odin originally lived in the south but in the turmoil that came after the conquests of Julius Caesar in Gallia and his incursion into Germania in the century BC, many tribes moved around like a game of pools. Odin and his entourage went north, into Sweden and Norway, first the fertile areas in the southeast, than along the western coastline and finally penetrating into the deep fjords and inner valleys. Odin's people met "trolls" there, those people were driven away by repeated waves of conquerors and were ultimately assimilated. The mythology recounts a big war between gods of two different categories, the "vanes" controlling fertility of many kinds (among them Njord and Frey), and the Æses (among them Odin and Thor). The conflict ended with stalemate and union between the pantheons - reflecting two different peoples joining? We can presume that Odin's arrival in Norway marks the intrusion of Germanic-speaking peoples in Norway and parts of Sweden. About the preceding people we know precious little, archaeology tells us that their agriculture had taken a big hit during the late Bronze age collapse - the same climatic disaster that destroyed the Mycenean civilization - so they relied mostly on cattle herding in their poverty. They were at the bottom of the iron age, they had some iron tools but had not yet learned to extract the metal from the ore so iron tools were bartered from south. Which language they spoke? The answer is ??? In fertile areas in the southwest (the districts Jæren and Lista) there are some toponyms impossible to interpret according to Norse ethymology. They probably go back to a language that wasn't Germanic. We have a single one written report about them, by the Greek seafarer Pytheas, from the Greek colony Massilia which today's Marseille in France. He crossed the North sea in the 4th century BC and came to a land where the summer night lasted merely three hours from sun down and up, which places his visit in Trøndelag about halfway up. Here he met a peaceful society of small-holding farmers. It is interesting to note that around in the world the existence and activities of old and vanished peoples is sometimes recorded in old tales and myth as ghosts, demons and ogres, in a distorted shape yes but nuggets of good and reliable information can be gleaned from them. For instance we read that trolls and hulders were afraid of iron - because this ancient people had to barter for tools of iron for exorbitant prices...

[@tintin8602]

Hi. I got interested. Do you know the names in Jæren and Lista that aren`t possible to interpret according to Norse ethymology?

[@asgautbakke8687]

@@tintin8602 Yes. Place names ending in -a at Jæren and -e at Lista are incomprehensible for ethymologists. Like Sola, Lura, Gimra, Jølle, Penne and more.

[@tintin8602]

@@asgautbakke8687 Thanks. There are some names that I hadn't heard before. But I'm not from there, so 🙂 I have of course heard of Sola. It's interesting. So, they don't know the meaning of these names?

[@asgautbakke8687]

@@tintin8602 That is precisely it.

[@jesperlykkeberg7438]

"We can presume that..." the Eddas are ansurd fairytales written by Christian writers who were paid to invent a Norse nonsense version of the Roman Hercules-myths.

[@runarhe5913]

Excellent video! Thank you! Greetings from Sweden

[@larshansson9814]

Worth mentioning is the corded ware culture and influx of people from todays Ukraine/Russia during the early bronze age. This affected Scandinavia a lot, language culture etc. Even today dna in ethnic swedes are 60-70% from this immigration.

[@diegonatan6301]

I like your try to show how different was the map of Europe around 10,000 BC, but I must point out that Doggerland was much bigger at the time and also Finland didn't exist, it was mostly underwater. Since 20,000 BC Finland had been steadily rising, but at this time that land was basically an archipelago. Around 6,000 BC it was elevated above water enough to connect the "Island of Scandinavia and Karelia" to what today is Russia, and only around the year 1000 BC it achieved more or less the shape that it has today by connecting the many islands, the coastline has benn expanding up to this day though.

[@samtheman4931]

I thought seas levels are rising

[@diegonatan6301]

@@samtheman4931 it is rising since 20,000 BC, but land above water could increase by local factors, like rivers that bring silt and make the coastline advance further into the sea, like the rivers in Greece that made Thermopilae from a small chokepoint into a plain, or the rivers of Mesopotamia that during the Bronze Age both discharged separately into the Gulf, but since at least rhe times of Alexander the Great both they unite and become one before reaching the sea. In Finland the processo was different, but also led to land rising above the sea, it was a land sunken because of the weight of the ice that was above it, it pressured the land under it, but when the ice melt the pressure from above was lifted, but the pressure from inside the Earth continued and because of that the land rose up until both sides equalized.

[@samtheman4931]

@@diegonatan6301 interesting

[@mightyfabulous]

AFAIK the lands around Baltic Sea are still rising roughly 1 cm per year, while set free from ice masses, and Gulf of Bothnia will be cut between finnish Vaasa and swedish Umeå by an isthmus in coming Centuries. Rising sea levels because of climate warming and melting glaciers should though slow down this.

[@jds1275]

Great video, thanks for the information and love the music.

[@viktor9988]

Nice video! But you forgot about the guthnic/goths in Gotland. Exists still today and yes, they are actually the ancestors of The Gothic people that later invaded Rome itself. --- The early folk of Svealand is calling Svear, or 'Svions' in roman texts. Svenskar (swedes in english) was a thing much, much later. Sverige (Sweden), means Svears Rike (Realm of Svear). --- You also have the Jamtar further north that for a short period thousand years ago was independent but lost it against the norwegians and then by the swedes. Today the region of Jämtland sometimes call itself "The Republic of Jamtland" (more accurate: The republic of Jamtland, Ravunda & Härjedalen) for that historical reason (yes they also have a own president but just for fun and showbusiness though) with their own flag and anthem.

[@tohe0000]

It has been debated if they were the invaders of Rome, I would like to think so, but DNA research has put the Goths in northern Poland. I cannot say really

[@franohmsford7548]

@@tohe0000 Goth seems to be clearly a renaming of Geat {possibly a Roman pronunciation} and it's hardly out there to assume that the Goths in Northern Poland in Roman times {3rd Century AD} were descendants of Geats who had crossed the Baltic from South Eastern Sweden in previous centuries or perhaps even previous decades before Roman contact.

[@maggan82]

@@franohmsford7548 Geats and Goths and todays swedish Götar all are versions of Gutar, probably it´s original meaning was boys/men just like Gutt in Norway and Gut in Värmland.

[@Gorge-890]

Can you made a video on the east germanic peoples?

[@Gubbe51]

Norway was never ,"conquered" by Denmark. The two countries joined the Kalmar union together with Sweden voluntarily, and on equal terms. Sweden left the union in the XVI century, but Norway remained , being slowly marginalized by the Danish rule.

[@mauriciorv228]

Extremely interesting. Can’t wait go back to northern Germany and visit Norway for the first time.

[@benavraham4397]

Do you think that the Saxons, Angles, Jutes and Frisians were intermediaries between Norse and west Germanic peoples?

[@Neatling]

Kind of, but also not quite. It was complicated back then. All Jutes, Angles, Saxons and Frisians didn't speak the same language. They spoke a broad group of dialects, which were all west Germanic. The closer you got to the lands of the Danes, the more similar the dialects would have been to North Germanic, due to their interaction with them. Their dialects would also have been more similar in general to North Germanic, than other west Germanic languages further south would have been. So sort of intermediaries, but still more related to other West Germanic languages than to North Germanic. Not that West Germanic was THAT different from North Germanic. Anglo-Saxon was very similar to Norse. And even today there are similarities between Dutch and Danish. They would have been even more similar back then.

[@benavraham4397]

@@Neatling Thanks!

[@krisspyCreeme]

What about the goths from Gotland?

[@Taeerom]

It's Gutes, not Goths. It is a fairly modern change in language that made Gutland into first Gottland, then Gotland. In older Danish-Norwegian it was Gutland, then Gulland, before the modern Gotland. In the norse period, the name of the island was Kutlandi, and with latin script Gutlandi. It is etymologically similar to the Goths (Goter), but they have always been written different. It is the same story as the Geats (Gøter) in central Sweden. They all share etymological origin (Gutoz/Gutoniz) without being the same

[@rursus8354]

The Geats didn't disappear. I'm sitting here in my chair listening to a KZbin video, made by someone who don't know who the Swedes are. Swedes are a coalition of people whose three founding South-East Scandinavian peoples were Svear, East Geats and West Geats, and soon others were joining. For a long time there were separate Laws for the many peoples constituting the Swedes: Västgötalagen, Östgötalagen, Upplandslagen, Södermannalagen, Gutalagen, etc. etc..

[@eriklagergren]

From my understanding of the genetic record the finns concoured the land areas of finland from scandinavian tribes long before Sweden was formed. In a sense there were proto-swedes in finland long before 900 AD.

[@jakkeledin4645]

Yes. That part about Finns was just Light bullshit. There are many tribes of Finns. Hole word Finns is very very rasistic. Mostly Finland tribes started to union with Sweden because timeperiod was so hard. They continue their own language and cultur.

[@olavtryggvason1194]

@@jakkeledin4645 The word Finns was introduced by a Roman who never had been there. His name was Tacitus, and he called all the nomadic people living far in the north "Fenni" and made clear that they were no Germanic tribes. "Hic Germanorum finis".

[@jurikurthambarskjelfir3533]

I've been looking for this video. Finally found it.

[@ivandinsmore6217]

Fascinating. Thank you. Well done.

[@nickt2822]

very interesting. thank you and i hope you continue with this type of content. subed.

[@Dominik-lc4pl]

Will you make a video about the Kven?

[@bolle9810]

Could have mentioned the Gutes

[@Neatling]

I have no idea how that slipped my mind. I even had them in my script. So yeah, the Gutes certainly were worth mentioning. If I ever delve deeper into the topic I certainly will talk about them.

[@karlxgustav3336]

Great video, it’s very well made 10/10

[@arnljot9030]

They are not lost peoples, nor forgotten. Modern Sweden: Svealand consists of Swedes, Götaland of geats and danes and Norrland of Swedes who emigrated and Norwegians. People have moved around a lot so it is not as clear as before, for example a lot of Norrland has been depopulated for the last several 70 years, many of those who moved from Norrland migrated to Stockholm. Nowadays ethnic origin is not as clear as before, like I mentioned. Instead everyone is united under the nationality Swedish, as we have been for the last 400 years or so, when Sweden did it's last expansion in Scandinavia which created todays borders, conquering traditional Danish and Norwegian lands.

[@thubuntu]

Whats the name of the background music?

[@duwang8499]

We Saxons are still alive thank you very much. Our Old Saxon language was always closer to our fellow West-Germanic brothers than to our North German cousins. Low German still makes up around 40% of your vocabulary loan words. There's also no reason to belive that Saxon paganism was closer to Norse paganism than to the rest of Continental Germanic paganism.

[@zolia260]

this is probably unlikely, but are you the guy who played as denmark on pixelplace? (ruskis server)

[@swewiking432]

i guess i am the only one that want's to know what music you use in the backround?

[@chipthomas4169]

Why did you not mention the Ertobolle culture?

[@theamici]

Was Norway actually conquered though? I believe it was personal unions and not conquest, also the southern tip of Norway was settled by Danes and was only later assimilated into the rest of Norway. Denmark however was briefly conquered by Harald Hardråde (if I recall correctly), though he was unable to hold on to the land since Hardråde didn't know how to do politics, but simply tried to crush the Danes by military might repeatedly (Hardråde was a former mercenary leader, he knew how to win fights, but less so how to govern). The Swedes definitely never conquered Norway, even though they tried several times to invade, but didn't ever get very far.

[@TheDistractingGamer]

You are of course right, the only group ever to conquer Norway besides Harald Finehair himself would be Nazi Germany.

[@mirrorblue100]

Until 1973 Sweden was officially known as the Kingdom of the Swedes, Geats and Wends. This was simplified that year to the Kingdom of Sweden. (That is also when the kingship became a ceremonial office without real power.) So until at least fifty years ago there was still some recognition of Sweden's conglomeration from smaller, competing kingdoms.

[@elonmusk4086]

I saw that you did a colab with Monsieur Z about the next global force, you know Canzuk. That is so cool, I was watching the video and all of the sudden I heard your voice and saw your Memorable map design. I Hope you get a lot of new viewers!

[@Numba003]

Fascinating video man. Thanks to Mr. Z for sending me! Stay well out there everybody, and Jesus Christ be with you friends.😊

[@enbylucca541]

can you give some sources for this information please?

[@Kosta_Man]

I'd love to know the background music to this.

[@thubuntu]

Me too!

[@Leodachef1]

Wardruna - Helvegen

[@RobertHasty]

Very nice video. My DNA takes me from America to England to Scotland and Ireland to Belgium to Denmark and Sweden. Interesting that my last name also follows a similar path in time (Hasty) currently and I believe it comes from an origin of Haestingas. Something to do with Jutland.

[@BrujDingle]

Do you consider Slavs kinda norse as well

[@jonathanwilliams1065]

The geats were the people of Beowulf Also people think they were the ancestors of the Goths

[@magnusnilsson9792]

Actually Geats were the ancestors of the Goths, however some Goths returned to Sweden and were called what they were: Svear (which means returners).

[@maggan82]

@@magnusnilsson9792 Noooo. The two dominant theories according to etymology online is Proto-Germanic *sweba "free, independent," or else from *geswion "kinsman." (the goths wrote about them and called them called them suehans). The only east germanic tribe we know returned were the Herules.

[@a.v.j5664]

What about the gutes of Gotland?

[@hellmaze85]

Conquered Norway? And what conquest was that exactly?

[@notidentifieduser6533]

Great video

[@Tyrband]

Very interesting!

[@Makem12]

So what's the deal with the Kieven Rus? Are they Slavs or Germanic? Would they constitute their own lost group if they're Germanic?

[@Neatling]

We actually don't know for certain, and historians don't agree. The people living there before the Norse arrived were certainly Slavic. But we know the Norse went there, raided, settled and traded. Just like they did in England and much of Europe. These Norse people very likely became increasingly Slavic with time. So the Kievan Rus were probably initially ruled by a Norse minority, which became increasingly Slavic. Much like what happened in Normandy. But that is just one hypothesis.

[@Daniel-jm7ts]

@@Neatling maby the same thing happened like in bulgaria where the forgein nobility just assimilated into the slavic culture of the peasants

[@Bln-f9u]

Most countries aren't 100% Germanic or 100% Slavic - Kievan Rus' is defiantly culturally and judicially 'Slavo-Norse' but also has some Finnic, Greek and Steppe elements

[@msmorten]

I have a question, if you don't mind. Since we know, that the first mentioning of Danes is by the Eastern Roman historian Jordanes in the 560´s, where he speaks of the Danes originating in Sweden and then moving to the danish islands, most importantly the island of Zealand, there expelling the tribe called Heruli. And we know that the Heruli functioned as mercenaries in Eastern Roman armies as late as Justinian, just decades before Jordanes´ note. We also know, that the Jutes took part in the ongoing invasion of England after the Romans left in the early four hundreds.. A proces of at least 100 years, placing them as an invading and conquering tribe as late as the five hundreds AD. Howcome you speak of the Danes conquering the Jutes in 200 AD, which is at least 300 years too early for history to fit, and how could the Heruli fight as a tribe in the 530s, if they had been wiped out by the Danes almost half a millenium earlier? (I guess that's two questions).

[@dontgivamonkeyz]

Jutes took part in the invasion of southern Britain not England they pushed the Britons into what is now Wales and Cornwall as well as Brittany. I know it might sound pedantic but England didn't exist until the Germanic tribes arrived to actually form the English nation.

[@msmorten]

@@dontgivamonkeyz Pedantic..yes.. You think I don't know this common knowledge, but know of Herulii fighting as mercenaries for Justinian?? And you correct me by calling England Southern Britain instead - do you think the area went by that name at the time...? I invite you to correct this time yourself from calling the area by that name..

[@dontgivamonkeyz]

@@msmorten I didn't mean to offend it's just people often refer to that part of Great Britain as England before it actually becomes England and it gets annoying. I used the geographic term for the southern part of the Island of Great Britain to not confuse it with any of the nations that are present there today. Many people in Great Britain (outside England) get annoyed when England is referred to during this period considering the people who would make up the English were still across the North sea. It's also annoying when people use Scotland as a term during this period considering the Scotti tribe was still over in Hibernia at this time, but the common belief is the Scots stopped the Romans.

[@msmorten]

@@dontgivamonkeyz Thanks, and non taken, I had a bad day and was in no mood for being, in a sense, misunderstood. And I actually like being pedantic myself. Accuracy in terms is highly important imo, though I tend to get sloppy.. On this topic - I agree with your story of the Scots and I do appreciate your apparent knowlede. I hardly know anyone who knows their "Irish" origin. Being a Dane from Jutland myself I'm fascinated with the big migrations. I live in the Cimbria area of Jutland which, as you probably know, saw the first major Scandinavian migration in the late 200s BCE; going south eventually for Rome. When the Jutes left for Kent, it is my guess that someone pushed them, but not the Danes - hence my original question, bcs imo there's a major gap in the story, 200 years for the video´s narrative to add up (The claim of Danes pushing the Jutes to migrate/invade).

[@dontgivamonkeyz]

@@msmorten yeah I've been in that situation and been dictated to by someone who thinks they know it all but I can assure you I wasn't and I certainly don't know it all. Funnily enough I am actually from Kent, my mum's side is Kentish and has been here 100s of years not sure how long but my dad is from Kilkenny in Ireland. Most people in Kent don't know their Jutish origins as the School curriculum generally covers the Angles and Saxons but even that is extremely short. It's only covered in Primary School with secondary school focusing on 1066 onwards really, but that was my 90s education so not sure what is taught now. In my opinion Early English education of the origins of the English people's is kept to a minimum in this country because of unionist politicians who generally identify as British and want to keep the English in their place for the sake of the Union. After all if the English got nationalistic it would be the end of the Union, people in England are taught they're British whereas people in the other British nations are Scottish or Welsh first and being British is optional.

[@thomascheney6083]

How do you spell the name of group in Jutland before the Danes?

[@stonedape2406]

Jutes

[@westerneurope1752]

The Danes came mainly from Lolland and Sjaeland. The Jutes from Jutland is originally another people.

[@fipeke]

no question why so many people from Skåne/Scania feel more for modern day Denmark than we do for Sweden. We have a very deep history with the Danes.

[@Starkodder1963]

Perhaps a little exaggerated.

[@fipeke]

@@Starkodder1963 That depends on who you ask I guess. In my family we still somewhat pissed about it hehe

[@Starkodder1963]

@@fipeke few people from Scania visit Denmark outside Copenhagen.

[@adammessina6182]

But we’re did they migrate from 10k years ago ??

[@Frisko82]

So there is not going to be a part 4 on what if The Kalmar Union never fell?

[@Neatling]

There might still be a part 4.

[@Frisko82]

@@Neatling Okay Nice!

[@magnus00125]

I considered Jutes to be west germanic but never thought about it like this: What if jutes, angles and saxons are really just early scandinavians too. If so, where does Old High German language come from?

[@Leodachef1]

? You should read more into the origin of germanic people. First of all the name German means Ger =Spear man=Man and comes from the roman people. Germania magna was everything east and north east of the rhine, including whole of scandinavia, whole of eastern europe. Germanic people first came FROM Scandinavia, they are the origin of the germanic people and stayed germanic till today. 1000BC the germanic people invaded europe FROM Scandinavia and almost took over whole of europe and wiped out most of the celtic tribes in that process. Germanic people and Celtic people are descendents of the Yamnaya culture form the southeastern russian steppes. Scandinavians ARE germanic people, but not all germanic people (today) are scandinavian obviously. The greatest of all spiritual places of germanic people was the Irminsul in todays germany, which all people from scandinavia and eastern europe traveled to regulary in their life.

[@jesperlykkeberg7438]

But on what basis, though? Based on the Old Jutish placenames in the English county of Kent, (placenames such as Lynsted, Selsted, Lyminge, Ottinge, Arpinge, etc.) it can be argued that the Jutes of Kent (6th century) spoke plain Danish. That is to say the same language which later largely replaced Old Norse in both Sweden and Southern Norway.

[@matthewsteele99]

No mention of the Gutnish? D:

[@genericviking8176]

Very good educational video!

[@obiwankenobi9846]

What about the Samir or whatever it is in english? They are important to.

[@lexalexus9491]

and you havent mentiond the gutes of gotland wich has it own branch of north germanic/norse

[@messservice]

you do not mention the Cimbri and Teutoni the Heruli the Rugi the Visigots and Ostrogots the Lombards the Burgundians and may be the Vandals all these tribes were living over there the Ruotsi who settled in Novgorod have a look

[@MetalThrasher91]

Skåneland = Scania in English/Latin. Skåneland or Scania geographically incorporate (Skåne, Blekinge, Halland and Bornholm). Great video!

[@Jmvars]

I just noticed the Baltic Sea + Gulf of Bothnia looks like a man shooting huge loads from his huge Gulf of Finland.

[@Luredreier]

6:18 We had a few different peoples here too I believe. 6:22 No border between Trøndelag and the people further north? The people going to our "Ting" and those going to other ones belonged to different entities prior to the unification as far as I can understand.

[@LuisAldamiz]

The video is generally fine but I have two major objections: 1. We can't say that the people of the Nordic Bronze Age were Germanic in general, Germanics seem to stem from the (Iron Age) Jastorf culture in Northern Germany and Netherlands, it's plausible that the pre-existing language/people of Scandinavia was somehow related to Germanic but almost certainly it was not Germanic and did not produce Germanic (and hence also is not directly ancestral to Norse). 2. The Geats are likely to be related/ancestral to continental Goths (who lived first in what is now Poland, then in Ukraine-Romania and finally in SW Europe and Italy-Croatia as conqueror elites) but by the time of the Viking Age and Swedish unification the Goths were long forgotten and there is no way that whatever Gothic wars of the past could have affected Medieval Götland(s) (I say "Götland(s)" because you forgot to mark the island of that name as part of the Götish territory). Also, it would have been nice to mention at least briefly the period between early Epipaleolithic settlement (which also reached Norway BTW) and the formation of Germanics, which is interesting: 1. Neolithic: at least two different peoples co-existing in the region, on one side true farmers of Basque-like genetics and builders of dolmens, on the other side semi-neolithic peoples from Eastern Europe who relied largely on fishing (but had some pigs and cereals and definitely pottery) and in some areas also some of the last Western hunter-gatherers. 2. Copper Age: firstly the conquest by Indoeuropeans from Eastern Europe, also established in Central Europe as Corded Ware culture. This is important to understand where Germanic/Norse comes from, although at that time their language would have been indistinct from the dialects leading to Celto-Italic and Balto-Slavic (more arguably even to Greco-Armenian, if these are rooted in closely associated Vucedol culture). Secondly there was a Western (pre-Indoeuropean) influence in the form of Bell Beaker culture but not strong enough to destroy the Indoeuropean ethno-linguistic already established, but maybe to alter their culture and mythology somewhat (ideas about Loki may be from this period for example).

[@profwaffel]

Yes I found it strange that all waves of migration from the East was overlooked, hopefully not for nationalist reasons.

[@erikeriksson1660]

@@profwaffel The nordic bronze age is germanic. That is the ancestral culture from whish all germanic culture descend. In early iron age people started to migrate south a gave birth to various germanic culture. The Jastorf culture is one of them.

[@jesperlykkeberg7438]

"We can't say that the people of the Nordic Bronze Age were Germanic in general" Oh yes, we absolutely can say that, due to a continuum in archaology findings and especially the overwhelming amount of Common Germanic placenames including placenames with ancient relative endings such as "-um(r)" and "-nd(r)", as well as gerund-endings such as "-ng" and "-nge". Also, Scandinavia is indeed the sort of area were the Germanic language based on word-compounding grammar would be well protected from hybridisation. In fact the Germanic language was likely used in North Eastern Europe already during the stone age, considering the Germanic words that were exported to Sanskrit (itself likely a Germanic word!) down via Caucasus, such as "naktam" (night) from Germanic compound "an-acht am", "sakhare" from "soeth-gjerer", meaning sweetener (apparently used for both beetroot and sugar), adjirah" from Germanic "an-gjere" which also became Latin "agere" and Swedish "angöre"), etc. In fact, you can argue that all Latin and Indo-European "-ere" endings are from the main Germanic word-forming element "-gere/gjere/gøre" (meaning: to do, to make, pertaining to).

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@jesperlykkeberg7438 - So you think that Germanics did not expand from Jastorf culture (Lower Germany and Netherlands) in the Iron Age? How do you intepret that process of archaeological expansion then? Your linguistic arguments don't make sense to me because we don't have any written evidence of what did they speak or whether modern toponyms derive from that period or are more recent. What is clear to me is that the NBA and Jastorf are two different cultures, which do not overlap at the origin and that the latter conquered the former. NBA were of course part of the Western Indoeuropean larger complex, rooted in Corded Ware culture, but that does not make them Germanic.

[@jesperlykkeberg7438]

@@LuisAldamiz The analytic Germanic word-forming grammar predates the Jastorf culture and NBA by thousands of years. The simple proof is that Germanic just doesn´t have a continuum to anything but itself. Its absurd to even suggest otherwise. What Indo-European language have a strict word-forming superlative marker such as the "-st" in Germanic? None. You will have to go to Vietnamese to find something similar. Germanic is original from the first day language was spoken. It has the cleanest patterns for word-forming elements and morphemes of any language such as reflexive markers (g, s, k, sk, sh sch,), relative markers (m, l) directional markers (d, t) superlative markers (st), prefix markers (v-, f, fr-, h-), suffix markers (-n, -t, -nd, -en, -ent) stem ending abbreviations (-e ,-r, -er, :ere), gerund markers (-n, -en, ing, -ung) etc. Of course, European comparative etymology is completely blind to any of this. it is only from Germanic languages like Danish and Frisian we know that all words are constructed as abbreviated compounds. That´s why the criteria to determine the origin of ANY word is nothing less than: You MUST show how a word was constructed in a given language´s word-forming grammar to determine from where the word arose. Why? because a word can not have arisen from a language that never had the word-forming elements and grammar to construct it in the first place. it´s really that simple. And the compounding of elements was certainly done in Germanic for thousands of years ago and we can follow both the compounds and the word-forming elements to the earliest of recorded history. We know of no historically continuum break for the Germanic language (only orthography shifts), which means Germanic leads back to like... forever. For example: Of all the known languages the word sugar could come from, it´s only the Sanskrit shar-kare or the Germanic compound soeð-gera which are the likely ancestors since only in these languages does the word sugar literally mean "sweet-maker". Only languages carrying a strong pattern for similar word-constructions would be the word´s likely origin. Same goes for languages in general. Analytic languages with word-forming grammar don´t need to be defined by their words at all, but merely by a simple grammar and a limited amount of word-forming elements with which to construct words. Only artificial, hybrid and broken languages who have lost their word-forming grammar are in need of dictionaries to define the language. Proto-Indo-European is exactly such an artificial language. How is PIE defined? By dictionaries. The hilarious problem is, of course, that dictionaries didn´t exist when PIE supposedly was spoken, ha, ha. But, how was PIE originally defined, then?. No PIE-experts can explain it. They are lexicalists and tokenists so they most likely don´t even understand the question. They have "reconstructed" thousands of words that Indo.European languages are supposed to have originated from, but how can you carry thousands of words around if you haven´t already developed a language? And if you already have a language, why would you need any of those words? And how are these reconstructed PIE-words defined? By word spaces! But you only have to go back to the DUENOS-inscription before word-spaces are totally gone. So how do the experts isolate (define) the words from each other? By adding word-spaces into the text! By guessing, of course. But again, that begs the question: Since the word-spaces are not already there originally, then how were words isolated/defined back then? No experts have an explanation for it. They probably can´t even comprehend the question, since they apparently know of no other way of isolating words from each other than by word-spacing or hyphens, etc.. A typical Germanic word-forming pattern works like this: Old English "forbeodan", "forboden" (banned, forbidden,) German: "verboten", Swedish: Förbjuden Old Norse "Fyrirbjuðan", Icelandic: "bannað/bönnuð/bannið From: Old Danish: FOR ORBOETE AN gaaende = "forboetan" Frisian: FOAR BOETE OANgeande = "ferbean" Modern Danish: for bøde angående, "forbuden", "forbudt", "forbandet", "ORBOETE" (punishment) is attested in Sjællandske Lov (Law of Zealand)

[@recalone]

Completely forgot to mention Frisians? Or the invasion from the east?

[@jackstrawful]

I’m fascinated by word origins and always wondered if it’s coincidental that Jutland literally juts up off of Europe and the Angle people come from where Jutland literally angles northward. Are those coincidences, or is that where the English meanings of those words come from?

[@davidjames4915]

I'm pretty sure 'Angle' is related to fishing in some respect (i.e. "angling"), especially a hook. But there is a theory of a double relationship in that the area they inhabited was shaped like a hook and that as fishermen they used hooks.

[@sualtam9509]

Both somewhat true. Proto-Germanic angulaz means hook (which might have been a name for the River Schlei in the region of Anglia in Slesvig-Holstein), thus both the fishing and the angle aswell as the the High German Türangel (door hinge) come from this stem.

[@olavtryggvason1194]

Jutland was in the beginning of times the land of the Cimbri and Teutones, the two tribes who emigrated, raided and looted large parts of Europe, defeated the Romans several times and finally succumbed against the new model Roman army of Marius. Still their names are living in northern Jutland. The Cimbri came from Himmerland = Cimbric land, the Teutones from the landscape Thy.

[@jesperlykkeberg7438]

Jutland is actually called Jylland in Danish. The" JYLL" part could have become the "GEL"-part in "An-GEL-cynn", meaning "Kinsmen coming from Jylland". Also Gillingham in the county of Kent, pronounced "DJyllingham" and Yelling in Cambridgeshire could refer to the ancient root of Jylland "the land of Jelling".

[@lordsleepyhead]

Time to make a video about the underappreciated link between the Scandinavians and the Frisians.

[@TheIamtheoneandonly1]

Please do a feature on The Wends. That would be great.

[@TykusBalrog]

You may not be aware that Jutes is just the english name for Jyder. Just like Jutland is the english name for Jylland. We still exist. And Harald Bluetooth only reunited the country after it split apart in the 870s. Before that Denmark was a unified nation. It is believed to have originally united back in the late 500s and through the 600s.

[@olavtryggvason1194]

In a record from the time around 900 the people in northern Jutland are adressed as Goths, probably a misspelling for Jutes. It is a record of a Vikings sea travel from the Kattegat region first down to Haithabu (Hedeby) in southern Jutland, then the land of the Angles, and further to the East to Jomsborg (Wolin). This travel is described in Sven Rosborns new book on Harald Gormsson Bluetooth and his golden treasure. BTW under Harald Gormssons rule Scania was conquered by the Danes, but only the southwestern part. Scania was for some time split into two units, similar to the later Swedish measure to split the area into two provinces for easier control - the southwestern Malmöhus län and the northeastern Kristianstad län. The situation in the late 10th century must have been similar to that later situation introduced by the Swedish conquerors, Harald Gormsson had several ring fortresses (trelleborgar) built in the area to mark and to secure the new borderline - in Trelleborg, where it gave its name to the town, at Foteviken, in Borgeby and most probably also in Lund and in Helsingborg. These round fortresses were Haralds way to mark his rule. Soon after his reign they were abandoned.

[@jesperlykkeberg7438]

@@olavtryggvason1194 "Harald Gormsson had several ring fortresses (trelleborgar) built". Ha, ha. 100% wrong. These camps were all build by the Ottonians who invaded Denmark and send Harald into exile in Norway. None of these camps are measured in Danish alen. They are measured in Roman feet, which clearly proves they were build by the Germans. The "Trelleborg"s are simply the deserted camps of the enemy occupation. The Ottonians (Germans) were paid to leave Denmark after a few years, and - just like Agricola´s camps in Scotland - the Germans left their military camps behind and everybody forgot about them. Also "Nonnebakken" and "Trelleborg" (Scania) predates the German occupation.

[@reddotelkhunter9296]

Where did you get these pictures/animations? Did you make them yourself or?

[@notheotherklaus]

very good for 7 mins presentation