Chronic bronchitis (COPD) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

What is chronic bronchitis? Chronic bronchitis is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, that's defined by clinical symptoms like a productive cough for at least 3 weeks per year for at least 2 years. Find our full video library only on Osmosis: osms.it/more.
Join millions of current and future clinicians who learn by Osmosis, along with hundreds of universities around the world who partner with Osmosis from Elseiver to make medical and health education more engaging and efficient. We have unparalleled tools and materials to prepare you for success in school, on your board exams, and as a future clinician. Sign up for a free trial at osms.it/more. If you're interested in exploring an institutional partnership, visit osmosis.org/educators to request a personalized demo.
Follow us on social:
Facebook: osms.it/facebook
Twitter: osms.it/twitter
Instagram for med: osms.it/instagram
Instagram for nursing: osms.it/ignursing
TikTok: osms.it/tiktok
Linkedin: osms.it/linkedin
Our Vision: Everyone who cares for someone will learn by Osmosis.
Our Mission: To empower the world’s clinicians and caregivers with the best learning experience possible. Learn more here: osms.it/mission
Medical disclaimer: Osmosis from Elsevier does not provide medical advice. Osmosis from Elsevier and the content available on the Osmosis from Elsevier properties (Osmosis.org, KZbin, and other channels) do not provide a diagnosis or other recommendation for treatment and are not a substitute for the professional judgment of a healthcare professional in diagnosis and treatment of any person or animal. The determination of the need for medical services and the types of healthcare to be provided to a patient are decisions that should be made only by a physician or other licensed healthcare provider. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare professional with any questions you have regarding a medical condition.
© 2024 Elsevier. All rights reserved.

[@ruchipatil4307]

That sound effect is just icing in the cake...in the explanations...thanks 4 being so apt in these teachings

[@osmosis]

Hi Ruchi! Glad you enjoy it! 😊

[@hb6839]

Oh my god THANK YOU SO MUCH. The addition of sounds was beautiful cuz I always thought I knew what wheezing was, but CLEARLY NOT! Also, many videos confused me on "the bronchioles contract so air can not get out" and I was always like "why would the bronchial muscles randomly contract? They'd first have to have an irritation causing mucus buildup and then less expired air" and I didn't know what to believe. Thank you so much for clearing this up. You're helping future doctors worldwide, I hope you know that.

[@burakuzun2045]

You can't really know how much you guys are helping us. God bless you all 😊👏👏

[@Monica-dt9cs]

I love the addition of the auscultation sounds! You guys make studying so much easier :)

[@deepakmahadik3942]

🌷👏

[@ninisanodze2879]

please do more videos about respiratory pathology: TB, pleural lesions, atelectasis... your videos are very helpful. Thank you.

[@osmosis]

We will eventually! You can vote for upcoming videos by becoming a Patreon supporter. www.patreon.com/osmosis

[@ayurguidepg-cetclasses2138]

You should start Netflix like subscription of osmosis App. Most of the people will surely subscribe. And due to more number of subscribers you will surely be in profit. Beacuse when we wan to take 6 month subscription or 1 year subscription. We are not sure whether we will get time or not

[@ralfoxygen1374]

The newest therapy from Germany: Vital Air 5+ device ! (vital-air-therapy com)

[@MSDAMBATTA]

Indeed very educative. Thank you

[@joakim8980]

I’m not a smoker, and have never used any products related to it on a regular basis ; only occasionally when my friends offer me a puff. When a friend of mine got a new flavor on his vape, i wanted to try it, and thought nothing of my asthma. He had accidentally turned the wattage on his vape to 180, when the most i had done in the past was about 70 or so. I took a deep hit, and instantly fell to the ground in a coughing fit. The day after i woke up with horrible coughing, mucus production and wheezing. I could only inhale about 70% of my max capacity before practically coughing up a lung. I did some research, and found out i probably got acute bronchitis. I confirmed it with my doctor, and this video helped me understand it in more detail. Thanks for helping me understand this.

[@osmosis]

Thanks for sharing, Joakim. We're happy that our video was able to help you understand your condition. Wishing you the best of health! 🙏🏼

[@chinmoybhattacharya2296]

RS, so simple, but yet so complex altogether at the end of the day.... your vedios are really a breathe of fresh air after getting clogged up by textbooks. Thank you guys

[@Nahs_0]

Thank you so much for the subtitles💜

[@MansonxXxAddiction]

From a hopeful graduate of nursing class of 2017 - thank you!

[@sultanal1725]

I can't stop myself to watch this amazing videos 😍

[@johnlittle5422]

Thanks for your info it helps I haven't smoked since 1999 doctor told me the damage was already done

[@Sandeep-ls7hd]

Now how are you

[@KunwarYuwaraj]

He is died

[@stephaniesukkar5830]

This channel is amazing! Your videos are so helpful for my subjects at uni. Honestly, please replace my lecturers

[@michellek8584]

The Reid Index, as shown by UWorld at least, does NOT include the cartilage or anything above the basement membrane. So it should be

[@naonv]

I have Hyperinflated Lungs which I believe caused by Chronic Bronchitis because I get flooded by mucus everytime. I'm also severely underweight.

[@Allviewchannel163]

Hi bro i cant ask you?

[@hedywolff8855]

WOW , THIS IS NOT THE FIRST TIME YOUR VIDEOS HAVE HELPED ME. THANKS SO MUCH

[@RAJESHKUMAR-yv7qy]

Bronkites treatment please

Good summary.

[@dr.naveedahmadkhanurologis8394]

GREATTTTTTT OSMOSIS ....THANKS ❤❤❤

[@patrina5420]

It would be very nice if you mentioned that COPD is irreversible compared to asthma.

[@drsosoak]

You are AMAZING guys.. keep going 👍🏻👏🏻

[@karensenica1473]

Wonderful video! Thank you so much.

[@osmosis]

Thanks, Karen! Did you know that if you like & review us on Facebook then you’ll get access to our videos a day before they’re published on KZbin? Check it out here: bit.ly/2u35D6J

[@sebbarsebbard437]

Chronic bronchitis isn't included in the definition of copd , it must be a chronic obstructive bronchitis to be included in the definition , a chronic bronchitis without an obstructive component is not concidered a copd

[@gc31]

Yes it is, chronic bronchitis is, by definition, obstructive. It’s a form of COPD!

[@abdomahmoud1526]

This is Masterpiece ❤️

[@osmosis]

Thanks, Abdo! 🥰❤️🙏🏼

[@damian-795]

Im scared I have it, had a cough for six months in the morning that lasts about 1 hour and produces sputum. I am quite young to have it .

[@hcecena]

HI therel! I help people to improve their breathing without mechanical or pharmacological aids. Would you be interested in testing my therapy for free in exchange for your opinion after trying it? Thank you and have a nice day

[@yangdipertuannegarapontian9766]

Terima Kasih from INDONESIA (BALI)

[@osmosis]

Thanks for watching, Yang! We love hearing that we're being watched in Indonesia! Did you know that if you like & review us on Facebook then you’ll get access to our videos a day before they’re published on KZbin? Check it out here: bit.ly/2u35D6J

[@mylifeinsweden575]

one of the best videos..

[@nikitadudhani5118]

You make medicos life easy! Thankyouu🥺

[@osmosis]

Glad you like them! 🙏🏼

[@Manayer2002]

I think I will get A in cardiopulmonary course after your videos thanks a lot 🫡

[@osmosis]

All the best! 💕

[@DrAsaad-lv1cy]

Thx so much for this useful video

[@osmosis]

Thanks so much! It would be awesome if you and your friends could review us on our Facebook page. facebook.com/pg/OsmoseIt

[@johnwycliff8731]

Really wonderful....I am blessed to have a teacher's in osmosis that explain the medical topic with this much ease ..... Thanq osmosis 😍😍😍😍

[@osmosis]

Always delighted to help, John! 🥰

[@Jojopub95]

Also anticholinergic medications to remove the mucus :)

[@diannovitasari6158]

very helpful!

[@osmosis]

Thank you, Dian! We're happy you’re finding the videos useful! If you haven't yet checked out our educational platform we’re working hard to be a one-stop shop for educating future clinicians. We have unreleased videos, thousands of flashcards and board-style practice questions, study workspaces, and daily study scheduling tools to help you learn, retain and apply medical knowledge. Check us out here! bit.ly/2ut5ZEJ.

[@vanshjainxyz2519]

Coughing with mucus or sputum is primary symptom ?

[@miranmuslem]

Thanks! Amazing!

[@Izzy..777]

Hello! I have have been sick with bronchitis all last week so I went to my doctor and he put me on an antibiotic which I had to take 3 times a day for a week. Sadly my bronchitis is back a week later and I am finding it hard to breathe, why wouldn’t the antibiotic woke and should I go back to doctors! Thank you

[@ovz402]

Thank you helped me alot

[@user-sq3ls6sj7i]

So helpful! Thank you!

[@osmosis]

Glad it was helpful! 😊

[@dr.felisterkomora6549]

just too awesome

[@googleuser5265]

very very good

[@mylifeinsweden575]

wawo.. those eight minutes were like going through an adventure.. a beautiful trip.. or meeting an old friend.. THANK YOU!

[@LovenessBisai]

You are the best

[@osmosis]

Thank you! ❤️

[@ahmadalbassal4179]

thanks you are the best i am dentist i love your vedio

[@gloryogieva1446]

Thank you for this❤

[@osmosis]

You're welcome 😊

[@osamamoh8716]

Thanks so much

[@abdallahmekkawy1767]

but i want what is the App you use to make these video ? " i hope to answer"

[@Niceice_]

Wow this topic is extremely interesting. Great Job on this awesome video. I really like the sounds you added

[@cw2586]

I think I have COPD... I don't smoke, but I had really bad bronchitis a couple of years ago :(

[@aveshkolad5609]

Beautiful sir !!!

[@osmosis]

Thank you so much, Avesh! If you’re interested in getting early access to our videos, check us out on Facebook: bit.ly/2u35D6J, or, even better, get exclusive access to dozens of our unreleased videos now at our website: bit.ly/2ut5ZEJ.

[@ولاءالشيخعلي]

thanx alot ... I like your vedios

[@laurienvanderlee1077]

So helpful, but please talk slower

[@azlankhan130]

Thank you so much ❤😊

[@osmosis]

You're welcome, Azlan! 😊

[@Darkknight-zn1yj]

I am currently suffering it. Please tell any cure or methods to reduce it.🙏😭

[@Sandeep-ls7hd]

Now how are you

[@Darkknight-zn1yj]

@@Sandeep-ls7hd I'm not perfect but i am much better than before. Thanks a lot for asking 🙏

[@sangeeta11700]

We find it early and mild stage is it normal?

[@eotxphenomop2082]

Reference? Davidson?

[@zdflores]

I have had productive cough for 3 years straight

[@chumacerollanquipachabeatr2724]

can someone explain why it says 3 months each year for 2 years (abt coughing) Sounds like a game and I don't understand):

[@musastuart10]

I love the breath sounds 〽️

[@osmosis]

Glad you appreciate it, Musa! 🙏🏼

[@yellowskycreations4542]

what about bronchitis

[@saamariumsans6837]

thanks alot! 👍👍

[@osmosis]

Thanks for watching SaAmaRium! Did you know that if you like & review us on Facebook then you’ll get access to our videos hours or even days before they’re published on KZbin? Check it out here: facebook.com/pg/OsmoseIt/reviews

[@Medperfect]

thank u

[@osmosis]

You're welcome! ❤️

[@livialocio4629]

EXCELENT!!!!!!!!!!!

[@Snow-jt4dd]

I have Chronic Bronchitis, my doctor said i could die if i don't treat it. Is that right?

[@Sandeep-ls7hd]

Now how are you

[@WitchOnABroomstick]

yes

[@Србомбоница86]

Never heard of it

[@candilashea729]

Your videos a priceless!!

[@shamamakhan5134]

Such a bbbbeautiful video! I'm passing my profs because of this! ༎ຶ‿༎ຶ

[@osmosis]

Glad to help in your studies, Shamama! 💖

[@CGJUGO80]

I really have to stop...

[@babiedelrey222]

i’m scared

[@biohazardgaming1970]

If you have bronchitis does it tickle when you breath out and cough a lot when breathing out? I also don't cough up mucus. Help please!

[@hcecena]

HI therel! I help people to improve their breathing without mechanical or pharmacological aids. Would you be interested in testing my therapy for free in exchange for your opinion after trying it? Thank you and have a nice day

[@Allviewchannel163]

@@hcecena hi, how do you do it?

[@kirikiri1859]

кто то может сделать русские субтитры?

[@accidentalamusicardian8857]

Could have included the protocol of treatment .... It's nice otherwise !!

[@osmosis]

Thanks - we'll share this comment with our review team.

[@hcecena]

HI therel! I help people to improve their breathing without mechanical or pharmacological aids. Would you be interested in testing my therapy for free in exchange for your opinion after trying it? Thank you and have a nice day

[@averagerunner_]

that was awesome

[@peternguyen6459]

At about 6:20, it's mentioned that hypercapnia results in cyanosis - im not quiite following....anyone know why?

[@oritmaimon6008]

Hypercapnia= A high level of co2 in the blood flow means less red blood cells and therefore a blue color for the same reason veins are blue- they contain a high level of co2

[@yusufaslam4604]

Marvellous

[@hadeerehab6160]

nice video, keep it up

[@osmosis]

That's the plan! Did you know that if you like & review us on Facebook then you’ll get access to videos hours or even days before they’re published on KZbin? Check it out here: facebook.com/pg/OsmoseIt/reviews

[@ahmedmubdir1258]

amazing

[@osmosis]

Thanks, Ahmed! 🙌🏼

[@mpcamposz]

I was born with this shit

[@toms5050]

Don't worry, God will heal you completely.

[@tech-hacknotifier1853]

Really ? What is your age and are you ok now. has the disease progressed since then.

[@shy6892]

Me too bruh

[@mpcamposz]

@@tech-hacknotifier1853 I'm 22 and definetely improved. I have mild crisis with season changes but so far nothing major

[@Bunny-fn4lc]

I have it o.o It hurts so much 😭

[@osmosis]

We're sorry to hear that. Take care.

[@hcecena]

HI therel! I help people to improve their breathing without mechanical or pharmacological aids. Would you be interested in testing my therapy for free in exchange for your opinion after trying it? Thank you and have a nice day

[@baronghede2365]

To anyone who finds my comment: please try yoga, meditation, Herb's a plant based diet and drink herbel tea's, Blessed Be.

[@vanessac1965]

Cutting out meat when you have any kind of chronic illness is a disaster. You should still eat lots of plants particularly vegetables, but no need to cut meat, people get sicker on vegetarian diets. Cutting dairy is a good move though

[@hippiegirl5167]

Yoga is against my Christian religion. I would never do this

[@rahulsrivastava5858]

Those who are suffering from this plz try ayurveda

[@gengar5704]

rahul raj Please suggest me.. which one will be better homio or harbal..?, Or both..? Im from Bangladesh.. I quite smoking...

[@rahulsrivastava5858]

@@gengar5704Try both at the same time they have no side effect and do pranayaam they willl perfectly cure your problems

[@eyreland]

Dump ALL incumbents. I cannot breathe due to post covid.

[@miamomcilovic1706]

amazinggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

[@osmosis]

We updated the phrase: "Even though a increased Reid index goes along with chronic bronchitis, the diagnosis is still done clinically and this measurement is not usually used diagnostically." It original said decreased.

[@maryjanewurfel6001]

love your videos!! thanks!

[@toucandrew]

There is a little mistake: molecular sulfur is S8, not S2!

[@GuyInBlackClothes]

Osmosis *frighted by wheezing sound* *tries to collect self* I've being sick for 2 weeks and 4 days. The first week was basically just coughing/sore throat. The next week which was Tuesday 4am, I was Violently dry heaving. Scared the living hell out of me and took me an hour to calm myself. I finally got sleep after that. I was giving 3 meds. 1st was a antibiotic which I just ran out of. 2nd was an inhaler (which just makes me cough more...😑). 3rd was a nasal spray (Feels like it does it's job). I was violently dry heaving since Tuesday and yesterday I used a humidifier which caused no violent dry heaving. (THANK YOU JESUS) I'm still coughing tho the same way and wheezing but I can easily control it by breathing through the nose and drinking cold water. Hopefully this can end soon. My chest hurts from the coughing. I need my sleep.

[@nurlitapuspitasari7522]

Indonesia subltitle please

[@mauricefrank8582]

Dont know if you guys cares but if you are bored like me atm you can watch pretty much all the new series on InstaFlixxer. Have been watching with my gf during the lockdown =)

[@k.p5033]

very good

[@imanfatima6964]

How you people manage to be this much excellent tutors?🥺 You're the Best.....

[@osmosis]

Wow, thank you, Iman! 🙌🏼 💕 ✨

[@glennhalila8279]

This is by far the best Video on COPD and Bronchitis. Thank you for such precise drawings and explanation of every detail. I am going to study this and try to comprehend it's entirety, so that I can apply what I have learned to my particular Smoking, Caughing and Breathing Health Issues.

[@osmosis]

Hi Glenn! We hope our video is able to help you well. 🙏🏼

[@rolisimon]

Great video, thanks for that! One question - If you give supplemental oxygen to the patient with chronic bronchitis isn't it causing the failure of blood circulation? Because the CO2 receptors in hypercapnia seems to be overburdened, and the only trigger for maintaining the circulation comes from the low PO2 which is apprehended by the O2 receptors in the Aortic arch and carotid bodies. Is this true only in severe cases? Thanks for your answer in advance!!

[@goodvibesmusic1554]

You can still give supplemental 02 to patient with COPD, but you can only give 23%-25% FiO2. And it's true that only the low PaO2 what triggers the patients to breath, that's why it's not recommended to give supplemetal O2 higher than 80% to patient with severe COPD because Peripheral chemoreceptors will stop triggering breathing (bec. of the supplemental O2 brings the PaO2 is back to normal level) and cause the patient to hypoventilate or stop breathing when supple. O2 is removed.

[@heatherann4390]

My doctor didnt even test me he just gave me inhalers just because my family has history of asthma. I quit smoking and i developed breathing issues after i quit. I am so annoyed. I want my doctor to actually test me and prove to me that i dont have bronchitis or emphasema or copd. I want proof of my condition not for my doctor just to assume i have asthma. I also dont believe a person can develop asthma at 31 after smoking. Asthma isnt caused by smoking. Bronchitis emphasema and copd are caused by smoking. Why do i get the feeling my doctor doesnt knkw wtf he talking about.

[@hcecena]

HI therel! I help people to improve their breathing without mechanical or pharmacological aids. Would you be interested in testing my therapy for free in exchange for your opinion after trying it? Thank you and have a nice day

[@rikudousennin8359]

Visit another doctor ,

[@mahmudjonmeliqoziyev4951]

Actually i dunno how knowledgeable your doctor is. But your doctor will have enough practice to differentiate the clinical process of either asthma and copd . But i have another question how are you feeling now namely your condition is getting better or not( what kinda drugs were prescribed for you)

[@Sanatanscience29]

Please try kadha once we make

[@CowEye]

Reid index does NOT contain epithelium and cartilage.

[@ugoobegolu108]

I'm the first comment in 2years

[@23.sanikashirodkar99]

please make videos on topics like interstitial lung disease , pneumothorax ,pleural effusion...

[@osmosis]

We will eventually! You can vote for upcoming videos by becoming a Patreon subscriber. www.patreon.com/osmosis

[@kevontube]

yes i agree. pneumothorax and atelectasis etc

[@an5457]

+Osmosis upload video of bronchiectasis

[@haarisabbasi9180]

I am scared I have it, I never did ny type of smoking nor do I have any family history with such disease. I am 20 year old. Since its winters, I hope the mucus is because of it. I have a history of drinking of cold drinks and oily things. I only feel shortness of breath when I think of it, other than that I feel I am fine. Guys please pray for me. I dont want to die young I have ambitions and plans. Lets hope to god I dont have this disease.

[@shariqk-c9j]

how r you bro???

[@sangeeta11700]

Now it's ok or not ?

[@abraham7330]

Can smoking weee cause this?

[@Nakshatra_02]

My mom is suffering from chronic bronchiacttis, doctor are saying there is no treatment on that by which she can fully recover, her left lunb is 75℅ affected and also loosing volume, she can't breathe by lungs, we bought oxygen machine for her, she is hospitalized since 1 year, it's so dangerous disease, my mom never smoke btw. Now I feel she will not be with us anymore. I asked to doctor that "can we replace the lungs" But they are saying that there is no such surgery in India, it's only done in foreign, and also it's very castly, we can't afford it, they don't even explain us, what is it's procedure, I am feeling so helpless.

[@madhurkumarjain1345]

which of the following is not a histological feature of chronic bronchitis 1. goblet cell metaplasia 2. mucus gland hyperplasia 3.smooth muscle hypertrophy 4.calcification of bronchial cartilage

[@FAISALGHASWALA]

It sucks when you are at your 20's, never smoked, and still the x-ray report reads chronic bronchitis.

[@ayanabenjamin376]

FAISAL GHASWALA Same here

[@joelmuneton1187]

Wtf how

[@ayanabenjamin376]

@@joelmuneton1187 Not very sure, but I think you get asthma through factors like heredity, and then when you have it a lot during your growing years, it sorta permanently damages your lungs. Not just your lungs. The shape of the inside of your mouth, how you hold your head, your body posture, everything get affected. Edit: Asthma is, I am told, caused by allergies. Some people are allergic to a lot of stuff that cannot be avoided in their environments chicken feather, cockroach, food grain dust, paper dust, pollen of certain flowers, certain fish,...I took an allergy test of 30 possible allergens and I was allergic to 28 of them. My dad and my grandad have chronic bronchitis. Neither of them have smoked, and have had the illness from their youth or earlier.

[@rizwanmahmood1407]

Shall I tell you what is worse? Being told At 18 that half of your lung is So Infected it has to be removed.. But my friend it happens... I'm now 42 and although lead a pretty good lifestyle, my thought process had to change... I had never smoked, drunk alcohol or done drugs and still don't.. But I still struggle with constant chest infections.. There are people out there that can't breathe on their own full stop,they need machines to help them breathe.

[@saurabhchandra142]

I am of 24 and suffering from chronic bronchitis from 6 months Is it cureable or for lifetime!!?Many time because of this problem i have think to sucide!!

[@somyadeepguharoy8552]

Pls discuss about it's chances in post COVID scenario.

[@Naila897]

Exactly 😢

[@ImV4Vendetta]

This video granted me many greetings from professors after internal med exam exposition. You're the best!

[@prachipatel3991]

it is really so helpful​....thank you so much..

[@deepakmahadik3942]

🌷👏

[@ahlemlaghaie9616]

Plz add frenche sub

[@sharnelgezwint3990]

My mom passed last year November from this. She was a secondary smoker for 50 years... Diabetic for years and just after her second covid vaccination shot. She developed this. She passed 3 months after developing this. I do believe she would have still be here if it wasn't for this stupid vaccinations.. She was 72. I also feels the doctors didn't do all they can for her. She initially had a heart attack. The medication they gave her. Sent her sugar levels to the sky so now she's gone and I am not happy at all. She had alot of mucus that wouldn't go away. It was really bad. The coughing. She would get really tired. I miss my mother.

[@ewanrevell9944]

Sorry to hear this. I’ve been coughing, getting fever, tiredness since the vaccine. If I could get it out of the system I would.

[@Emanaia]

R.I.P💔

[@Nakshatra_02]

Can't imagine how you feel, my mother is also suffering from chronic bronchiacttis, she is hospitalized since 1 year almost, I can't do anything for her, she never smoke, but still she is having it, she is also suffering from so much pain. I can't tell how I'm feeling.

[@youtubeman5033]

I had a heart attack two weeks after the jab, triple bypass not nice now got diabetes, I did ask them if it was the vaccine, they said No but they would wouldn’t they, I’m sorry to hear about your mum, maybe we both should have not had the jab,

[@rubenrobles8044]

I am pretty much in the same sitution as your Mom... veryugly feelings... to be sick and alone...

[@audreyneal6168]

Ow your videos are great but I do have one request Can you start including a devotion on how fatal the debases you are covering are because in the past you have covered realitivly unknown diseases without mentioning that they are deadly (such as cystic fibrosis) and I would very much like to know it for diseases like this

[@Darkknight-zn1yj]

Never smoked a cigarette. Still i got Copd. God is unfair.💔 May no one get this disease in their life. Love you all 🥀

[@gokulnath1630]

Yeah me too...

[@gokulnath1630]

What we need to take action???

[@Darkknight-zn1yj]

@@gokulnath1630 follow a clean diet mostly green vegetables and apple . It is good . Reduce fats like oil and ghee .

[@tej8718]

Same with me as well bro. What are the medications you are taking currently

[@Darkknight-zn1yj]

@@tej8718 bro i took a clean diet no medications, did pranayam ( breathing yoga) and exercises. Now I'm fine and good than before

[@markcameroon6613]

my chest hurts alot deep breaths and chest tightness was diagnose with this