Our Paramecia Are Infected

[@JamsGerms]

When I read that paper years ago, I thought I would never be able to find Holospora, and here we are making an episode about them! Life is surely full of surprises. 😂 -James

[@rtaraquin]

Your new scope is amazing, thanks for sharing your passion!

[@senanlane6882]

At 400x how does it look so bright but detailed I have a swift 350b

[@senanlane6882]

Edit: and at 600x

[@TheRealFlenuan]

congrats, you deserve it ^-^

[@sujimtangerines]

Not sure you'll ever see this comment but will having this microscope help any research you're working on (if you are) or enable you to contribute to a paper yourself? (Or is that something you're interested in?)

[@drask1988]

i have to mention this again: the new microscope is so incredibly gorgeous, thank you so much for these pictures!

[@dianagibbs3550]

Right? SO much depth to the images!

[@theykilledjoel1496]

It freaks me out you don’t even think about it but we are covered and filled with these little tiny animals. Super cool love his channel

[@drask1988]

@@theykilledjoel1496 and they are covered and filled with their own little things :D

[@theykilledjoel1496]

Rhagius right! So strange

[@luiguia.cariapazagarcia3656]

Technology is amazing!!! Imagine how good those will be in a few years!:D

[@laurachapple6795]

Excuse me... I'll be over here, getting my mind blown by the idea of the billions of life-or-death struggles going on all around me...

[@damienholland9244]

I know, it's a real trip. And to think we have been part of that struggle, as well.

[@soulreaver8466]

In, on, and around. A weird perspective an old man once shared with me completely reformed my view on life. We are merely the pilots of our meat vehicles. We are the, for lack of a better word, shepherds of a vast array of environments for countless organisms.

[@DrumBeat231]

SoulReaver846 who's to say that we pilot it? Free will is quite the assumption. (I'm just here to enrich your existential crisis.)

[@Mr.CliffysWorld]

They are battling all over you . On Your hands , in your eye fluid , between your toes lol they're everywhere !!! Lol

[@vinny5638]

Its weird to me to think that death is so inextricably involved in every waking moment, this life is beautifully chaotic.

[@AccidentalNinja]

I've always thought parasitism could morph into mutualism or symbiosis- yes, you're taking advantage of your host, but if your host isn't doing well you aren't either so it benefits you to help your host if you can.

[@AngryKittens]

Parasitism is already a form of symbiosis. The concept you are talking about is called "optimal virulence," and while it usually results in the evolution of commensalism or beneficial mutualism (including endosymbiosis) in organisms, it has also resulted in the opposite. There are multiple strategies that maximize the fitness of parasites, and it does not always require a living host (in the same way that it does not always require a dead host). The goal after all, is that they reproduce and spread to a new host (while also competing with each other), not merely long-term survival. If they can do that better by killing or severely injuring the host, then higher virulence will be positively selected, and vice versa.

[@evilsharkey8954]

Angry Kittens, parasitoids are a prime example.

[@Mr.CliffysWorld]

Either that or they just use you up for all the resources they can and then when there's nothing left of you they just go search for a new host doesn't get much less labor-intensive

[@LimeyLassen]

I'm sure this is where gut flora came from.

[@markchapman6800]

Certainly the parasites which take the vertical transmission path, dependent on infecting their host's offspring, which have maximum incentive to keep their host healthy enough to breed.

[@CookieR3aver]

I love the new microscope, this is amazing. Everything looks more three dimensional than before. 6:55 Just LOOK at those little guys squishing around.

[@frankzaffuto3670]

I was thinking about that clip too: the Paramecia must've got stuck during the slide assembly

[@YujiUedaFan]

I prefer the old microscope because you can see everything spin and rotate easier. The current one looks like 2D cutouts in 4K. I really don't get what people mean by it looking more 3D. It looks more detailed sure, but more 3D? No.

[@ianbcnp]

The definition and contrast are extraordinary. Those cilia are so clear as are the internal organelles. Just fantastic - I could watch those beautiful paramecia for hours :-)

[@eskhatos]

That video quality be looking C R I S P and F I N E

[@amentrison2794]

It's that DIC microscopy

[@vinny5638]

it could be CRISPR though, no? Ok I'll see myself out...

[@MrGamerCaptain]

I am constantly reminded that every life is trying to survive and thrive even if it might look harmful from another perspective.

[@TheRealFlenuan]

Exactly. And it's important to understand, because there's a common fallacy to think of nature as a harmonious system where every species has its own "purpose", as if "Nature" were a holistic entity trying to keep itself from changing and those niches were predestined and unchanging. In reality, every species is constantly "trying" to evolve a reproductive advantage, and that starts with individuals of the same species (and their individual genes) competing with each other. Evolution isn't about maximizing harmony; it's about incessant competition.

[@mho...]

imagine nature could "think&talk" like we do.... how much they would HATE humans!

[@BlackWolf42-]

A friend of mine bought me a plushie-paramecium for a silly b-day gift. It's sorta cute and 'he' adorns my bedroom wall. I recommend plushie microbes.

[@alphaamoeba]

Lemme guess, giant microbes? Those are really cool, i have the Amoeba, the Copepod and the Krill

[@BlackWolf42-]

@@alphaamoeba Yep! Giant Microbes is the maker- I had to look it up. Glad I got the Paramecium, it's the cutest I think.

[@evilsharkey8954]

I got a cold from them. I need to get my best friend a C. difficile since she’s battled it a couple of times. Are they waiting to create a SARS-CoV-2 plushie?

[@sanchitagolder]

@@evilsharkey8954 no offense to everyone's life the virus has affected (aka the whole world), but yeah SARS-COV2 is really cute and pretty lol

[@UberMassiveGaming]

3:05 It's incredible how similar their movement and reactions are to roombas.

[@skyebluesilly]

i mean paramecium are good at detecting whats in front of the even without eyes, so yeah roombas do that too

[@kurenan4564]

The music really adds to your videos, especially this one for some reason. Excellent job.

[@cycoholic]

I've been wanting a channel or playlist with just this sort of music since the start of this channel. Especially 8 to 10 hour long videos to listen to while going to sleep. 👍

[@kurenan4564]

@@cycoholic This might not be exactly what you're looking for but it reminding me of this: kzbin.info/www/bejne/gaaUnYqLaN-Lbtk

[@naukowywariat7123]

Maybe by their Patreon you can get full soundtrack.

[@asdu4412]

@@cycoholic It's not a channel or a playlist but check out Plux Quba by Nuno Canavarro. Mindblowingly, it's from 1988

[@cycoholic]

@@kurenan4564 Had a short listen, worth further investigating. Thank you! 👍

[@rockflageagle3870]

This is what happens when Paramecia aren't taught to wash their hands at an early stage of development

[@rockflageagle3870]

@Jesse Earll wow, it was clearly a joke

[@evilsharkey8954]

ASMarred, I think he was adding to the joke.

[@ChadDidNothingWrong]

@@rockflageagle3870 id bet my ass to a toenail clipping that "being taught to was their _cilia"_ was meant to be a joke as well.

[@judeabeljangnap7241]

@@rockflageagle3870 r/woooosh

[@paramecium792]

*We just forget to, y'know?*

[@purplealice]

Big fleas have smaller fleas, Upon their backs to bite 'em; And little fleas, still smaller fleas, And so on, ad infinitem.

[@vbgvbg1133]

It’s fleas all the way down

[@cephalonsadistic9331]

Which flea do we reside on

[@skyebluesilly]

the 43th one

[@janefkrbtt]

The paramecium at 7:00 seem to be stuck and are trying to get out. They act almost exactly like a bug in a cup or in confinement. They just scramble until they get out, i dont know if that has any significant meaning but its weird to see even the smallest organisms are still just tiny ass bugs

[@huleyn135]

'cuz they be equally dead ass stupid this post was made by big brain gang

[@carrottoponcrak]

Like a roomba bouncing around till it escapes

[@lindapindabelinda3570]

That’s very cool that your sample was contaminated in such an interesting way and that it was recognized from an old photograph. Please consider putting together a compilation video of the little creatures moving around slowly with that lovely background music. Sometimes I just like to look at them.

[@alicianoriegavelasco6114]

You should head over to Patreon

[@deadiemeyers1661]

Does the infected paramecia actually feel a general sense of malaise? Does it spend the afternoon binge watching Netflix? Does its mother paramecia bring it some chicken soup? These questions are yet unanswered...

[@evilsharkey8954]

Nah, it eats primordial soup.

[@rnelson1415]

WOW, that new microscope or lens I'm not quite sure really makes it POP!

[@evilsharkey8954]

It’s his new DIC microscope. They did a video on it just recently. It’s pretty interesting!

[@Spartan1-1]

Can you make a video on how to culture microbes. Like how to get a culture started, how to maintain them.

[@min_nad]

Yessss please

[@georgesconyers9769]

In general, I used to take petri-dishes to the opera but due to the pandemic, they instead have to watch on KZbin. They develop a cultured smugness within a few days, and it is maintained fairly well by playing classical music. Serious answer: It is dependent on the microbe. If you don't care what is cultured, just put some pond mud and pond water in a jar. Specific microbes require specific things.

[@limiv5272]

That's a good idea for a video getting a culture started is incredibly easy because microbes are everywhere. Just swab your mouth or take a soil or water sample from anywhere. The conditions needed to maintain the microbes probably differ between different microbes.

[@Spartan1-1]

Limi V yeah that’s true but I want to culture certain microbes like tardigrades, stentors, or vortichella. And I don’t know what to feed some microbes to maintain a culture.

[@Spartan1-1]

George Sconyers putting pond water in a jar and sealing it is called a sealed ecosphere. I’ve done that and found lots of microbes.

[@himanshusukhpal]

Love the way they say, "and if you want to view more content from us, there might be a subscribe button nearby somewhere". Haven't regretted it since the first video of Stentor I saw.

[@GordonFreechmen]

I’m still trying to find that mysterious subscribe button that they keep talking about since the first episode. They say it’s somewhere nearby but I’ve been all around my neighborhood twice already.

[@himanshusukhpal]

@@GordonFreechmen Oh well damn sir, why don't you ask a neighbourhood good boy, they might help you out.

[@cephalonsadistic9331]

Don't worry. It's actually super small but there are hundreds all over their videos. You have probably already clicked it.

[@cathyerley3057]

Love James' new {something something} contrast microscope, we just get to see so much . . . MORE! And Hank, I get such a kick listening to you narrate this channel, your presentation style here is so different from SciShow, which I also dig to the max.

[@exploremicroscopy]

Beautiful videography and stunning DIC. Very nice description of Holospora, too!

[@daniell1483]

I think it is so cool that some paramecia can benefit from infection. Reminds me a lot of other endosymbiotic relationships, and makes me wonder how many times this has led to new organelles or other symbiotic relationships.

[@SLAUGHTEREDEYES]

That new scope is seriously off the frikken chain ! Such clarity and magnification quality, beautiful.

[@Gamer3172]

Omg.. That image @1:00 is just fascinating.. I love it

[@Beryllahawk]

Aren't all of us just trying to get by, in the only world we know how to survive in... Nifty video! And the new imagery is JUST BEAUTIFUL Even the little invaders are strangely elegant and lovely. Well done!

[@frostincubus4045]

I'm blown away by how clear and smooth the video is

[@evilsharkey8954]

That’s the new DIC microscope. It’s fantastic!

[@frostincubus4045]

@@evilsharkey8954 yeah, I've watched the video about the microscope upgrade

[@flusterzero]

This is my new favorite channel and im just some random mouthbreather. Inb4 telescope so powerful you can see legitimate micro-universes

[@heliosphaeresonnen_wind_ki5720]

great footage! hanks voice and the music work perfect with it.

[@patrick247two]

I have so many questions. What's happening to the Paramecium when there are small smooth bubbles near the creatures edge? They seem to inflate and deflate. The new images are spectacular. I had no idea microscope tech was so good. Thank you.

[@samuelgoodwin2960]

Wouldnt this suggest a theory on how multicellular life evolved? The common theory has been one cell tried to eat another and the other cell stayed inside and reflected ATP that so the main cell wouldn't destroy and consume it. But seeing this makes me think that perhaps the first mitochondria were originally a parasite that got passed onto daughter cells. Then over millions of years the parisite then evolved to be dependent on the main cell when providing ATP. Does this idea make sense to anyone else? xx

[@Oscar4u69]

yes, it's an interesting consideration. this might play a bigger time than it's thought

[@ChadDidNothingWrong]

Makes alotta sense actually.

[@lync254]

That one downvote is a stentor not being mentioned

[@stanlibuda96]

The pictures brilliant as always and your voice a pleasure. Thank you!

[@capriottimultimedia]

I like the footage of the paramecia all brushing past each other because I personify them by imagining they're all saying "excuse me" "Excuse me- oh excuse- me excuse me oh please after you excuse me,"

[@lync254]

Kudos to James for his epic footage!

[@flyingmonal222]

Your videos deserve atleast 10 million views! I'm going to share your channel with very biologist I know! ❤️ P.S. I recognized hank greens voice in the first 10 seconds!

[@audioaficionado9494]

My favorite science toy was a decent microscope I had as a kid. Thinking of buying a microscope now that we have LED lighting that's brighter and cooler with better optics and video capture options that are affordable.

[@chesthoIe]

How do the holospora escape vacuoles if they can't move? Also, if they can't survive outside the host, how do they get eaten in the first place?

[@johnopalko5223]

Good questions. I was wondering the same thing. Explaining all the nitty-gritty details might have made for a longer, less entertaining video, though.

[@evilsharkey8954]

They probably chemically trigger a response that separates them into a separate, non-food vacuole and then ride a microtubule into their desired organelle.

[@debrawestbrook8960]

Wow. The images are SO SHARP! This is really cool and extremely bingeable. Reminds me of when I was in elementary school and all o watched was Animal Planet, Discovery Channel, and History Channel. Love it!

[@rotifer]

*I had a Lacrymaria buddy who dated a Paramecia once. Very curvy, fun to swim around with. Little did he know however was that she had a nasty case of Holosporales. Needless to say, it was the last time they spoke after he eventually found his cellular membrane itching all over from spending the night with her.*

[@reina2033]

Your work commenting on these videos is so unappreciated

[@BuildingCenter]

So, what infects Holospora!?! Great video, beautiful imagery.

[@andreluisdossantos1375]

I don't know if people here use to address this topic but the videos soundtrack are just amazing. The images are great, the texts are very compelling but the song make it all more magical. The musics are made specific for each video, rigtht? Congratulations Andrew Huang!

[@LEDewey_MD]

MORE awesome images from the new DIC microscope! Wonderful!

[@TheRealFlenuan]

Ignoring the whole debate on the origins of viruses, the behavior of Holospora in how it kinda hijacks the cellular machinery and enters the nucleus seems to me like the kind of life cycle that could eventually develop into virogenesis over a large evolutionary timescale. Or, at least it might if it relied on horizontal transmission. The fact that it also is vertically transmitted looks like the potential beginning of endosymbiosis! Very interesting stuff

[@otfhercules]

Hey i know this is an informative channel and may have younger viewers but can you show the microscopy of what’s on a cannabis plant 💯💯🙏🏾 i would love this!! Does anyone else agree? 🤔🤔

[@RainAngel111]

The footage is really especially beautiful this video!

[@KY_CPA]

02:01 I swear I thought he said the discovering scientist's name was Voldemort 😱😂

[@abelferquiza1627]

In no other place i saw microlife images beautiful like these

[@tdtrecordsmusic]

"If only that world wasn't another organism." - As I sit here eating a peach, feet firmly placed on the Earth.

[@mho...]

well u ate a "dead" fruit there.... not like u crawled up an elephants butt & call it home!

[@PowerhouseCell]

*Next video: Our coronavirus is infected*

[@lizardchosimbastedanko3077]

That would be nice 😂

[@TheGeckoNinja]

just shine UV lights at it and its dead

[@lizardchosimbastedanko3077]

@@TheGeckoNinja but then people will start seeing man stains everywhere bro who wants to see that 😂

[@justaperson9743]

😂😂😂😂🤣

[@alphariusfuze8089]

@hawkturkey yep

[@NightRunner417]

These little videos are great, really reawakening my interest in microbiology. AND THAT SCOPE, aaaaagh... I really need a DIC scope. If I can manage it one way or another, I'll go for it.

[@andrei-cezarodoroaga7960]

Love the quality if the video

[@Gplaysmc]

Currently studying about Protists including Paramecium so this is a very nice studybreak

[@peterpiper6]

PANTOFELEK! Stary druchu! (It's in polish, Paramecium is the first microorganism which children learn about in 4th grade in Poland :) Chers!)

[@jakobervorhood]

The new microscope really makes a difference in detail. I was mesmerized to the point of an almost meditative state.

[@ronkirk5099]

This is an absolutely fascinating look at the micro world.

[@semaj_5022]

Thank you for always taking us on these journeys.

[@mnflyguy]

Great video images and story. I love this channel. One correction - Paramecium does ingest food by phagocytosis.

[@ScarsUnseen24]

I'm surprised your channel isn't part of Curiosity Stream! everyone deserves to see your content.

[@evilsharkey8954]

Curiosity Stream is a paid service. Maybe they’ll release some CS exclusives some day.

[@huleyn135]

does anybody actually care about curiosity stream?

[@evilsharkey8954]

huleyn135, my best friend watches something on it almost every week. She said there’s a really good one on the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 that’s fairly new. I actually pay for the subscription, but my TV is buggy as Hell and has a hard time with it.

[@soulreaver8466]

LOVE THE NEW CONTRAST!!! Even though watching them turn and twist at 7:00 reminded me of Calvin from LIFE, which brought on the both the heebies and the jeebies. More please!

[@deakenwylie3819]

What are the daisy-like organelles in the paramecia on the left side of the screen at 2:15 and again at 2:25? Any ideas, please, anyone?

[@williambell6633]

They are contractile vacuoles, organelles that paramecia use to expel excess water from the cell. The "petals" are canals that pump water into the vacuole. At 8:03 you can see the cyclic contraction of the vacuoles.

[@deakenwylie3819]

@@williambell6633 Ah. I'd seen SOMETHING contract a few times before I noticed the 'flowers', but your timestamp shows them both, so thank you very much. :)

[@AnomalyINC]

In Sweden, we call Paramecia "Toffeldjur". "Slipper-Animals". Because they look like tiny little slippers, I suppose. Furthermore, you have a very calming and pleasant voice. Like Bob Ross with a microscope.

[@huleyn135]

many countries do the exact same thing

[@AnomalyINC]

@@huleyn135 Neat! I wonder who started it? My money's on Greece. They love naming things after other things.

[@lornaginetteharrison7168]

2:50 Off topic: Whilst watching these gorgeous images of Paramecium industriously zooming about with seeming great urgency & importance, I’m trying _desperately_ to pay attention to the fascinating commentary, but fighting to block out & stifle an almost overwhelming urge to imagine said Paramecium gleefully going "Wheeeeeeee" to accompany their frenetic movements as they busily dart across the screen!

[@eur-doll2560]

Traducelos por favor, seria genial verlos en español, no solo ganarías más audiencia, si no también más interés, buen video.

[@albertoplazola906]

The best channel in KZbin. Thanks!

[@Ratciclefan]

These videos are always an informative watch

[@Treksh]

Thanks for the beautiful episode as always!

[@nikkoval8490]

Do you think it’s possible for these two organisms (algae and paramecium) to evolve together like mitochondria and the first cell?

[@haikalmiftah2529]

This remind me to endosymbiotic hypothesis, to explaining the existence of unique genome of mitochondria and chloroplasts within many eukaryotic life: an ancient prokaryote being swallowed by ancient eukaryote and not being digested, while consuming some nutrients yet not to the point threatening life of the eukaryote in question. Eventually those ancient prokaryote lost the ability to life independently and become mitochondria and chloroplasts.

[@DecomposingMoss]

2:48 reminds me of rush hour traffic. LOL. Have a fantastic day everyone! :)

[@zeroxox777]

Hello - u may never read this but could I ask what kind of microscope you are using there? I am almost afraid to ask as I have been looking at microscopes but I have to suspect your type would be many times more expensive then the ones I have been looking at. I know nothing about microscopes besides how to use the ones from school when I was a kid doing my A-levels. The images here are just incredible & I imagine I would consider paying a small fortune for the kind of microscope that produced them, so long as there isn't too many zeros in the price tag.

[@ryanfrick2190]

Some of the footage is so good it looks fake. This microscope is amazing!

[@randywatson8347]

So cool that how researchers back in the day set the path towards vaccins against diseases.

[@xcandiottix]

Finally .. a youtube video about the floatie things I see whenever I stare at a white wall when I'm feeling lazy in bed.

[@joec8750]

12 mins 1.4k views and 156 likes... perfect example of how everything hank touches turns to gold. Hanks a youtube pimp with the midas touch!

[@tigergallant]

I wish I had a pet paramecium. If I had a paramecium, I would love it very much. I would give it a name like, “Slipper” , and I would make sure he was always happy. I would spend a lot of time, teaching it how to SBS (short-term-backwards-swimming) and LBS (long-term-backwards-swimming). And my paramecium would be so smart! I bet, he'd SBS, and LBS way faster then the other paramecium. Because, of my love for him. I would watch over him, with my microscope. Make sure he was safe from the stentors and amoebas. I would watch his little cilia flap about, watch him bump into something, and perform an SBS, or an LBS. God I would love my paramecium, so much.

[@hogofwar0]

would like to see human microbial life series and an algea (growth/oxygen) making contest

[@leij4247]

How do you get them disinfected then? What will be your personal solution?

[@cluta]

Beautiful. Thank you so much.

[@TCOphox]

8:45 man they look so sparkly!

[@dylanvellut]

2:00 did this biologist lose his nose and adopt a bigass snake afterwards ?

[@Eazoon]

🤣🤣

[@SolariusScorch]

What..? Why?

[@dylanvellut]

SolariusScorch You-Know-Who He-Who-Must-Not-Be-Named Lard waldemar

[@SolariusScorch]

@@dylanvellut He doesn't look like Voldemort though. I don't get this joke.

[@dylanvellut]

SolariusScorch he doesn’t, but not everyone get to be called waldemar

[@kielkaiser]

ok, who the hell is watching this in the middle of an world pandemia????..... damn, its soo interesting and hypnotic.... its really amazing......

[@ravelojedagarcia3347]

Beautiful work!

[@CheshireTomcat68]

Andrew Huang setting the mood nicely.

[@AaronDebski]

I hate embedded adverts in the video made by the makers. But this kiwiko is awesome. I wish I had a kid.

[@ChaosMagnet]

It really is kind of wild that James’ samples ended up being infected as we’re all dealing with Covid 19.

[@LimeyLassen]

Even viruses can get viruses, sometimes. What a world.

[@mattiaswidegren2242]

07:51 Very sleepy Paramecium trying to stay awake after a long day of wriggling about doing Paramecium stuff

[@primordialious6945]

Create a livestream where we can just watch these things live, if that is even possible without breaking this mans precious machine he waiting on for like 20 years straight.

[@DaveHefty]

This microscope is crazy. Around 2:23 was the first time microorganisms seemed more like animals to me instead of a mindless moving cells.

[@WadcaWymiaru]

Wish i could see paramecium fight with macrophages! It would be a **LEGENDARY FIGHT!**

[@merbst]

get well soon little guys!

[@ProfPuffOfficial]

Woah the cam actually showing pores opening and closing

[@gelatinocyte6270]

What if this is a first step to endosymbiosis: the symbiote started out as a regular/actual parasite then grew less parasitic over time? I thought mitochondria relied (heavily) on vertical transmission for a long time, then it eventually forgot to be parasitic and became the powerhouse of the cell. Just a hunch!

[@GZxuanChannel-nx9vi]

AMAZING Video!!!

[@kiowa6057]

Can you guys do a video on mitochondria?

[@StevenNess]

You have a really nice voice ❤️

[@sweetsue4204]

Oooo...... what a delicious treat this channel is. 😁💕

[@Hallands.]

This is one of only two channels where I’m fighting the bad habit of clicking like *_before_* watching! 😂

[@aaronnekrin5150]

New microscope is the bees knees

[@mho...]

this channell really makes me want to have some kind of 3D microscope to really be able to "dive" into the microcosmos!

[@TheTwick]

Great! I’d like to see the Holospora in a Gram stain smear. Sorry, but I’m a bacteriologist by heart. You do have oil immersion on that beast?