Particles, Fields and The Future of Physics - A Lecture by Sean Carroll

Sean Carroll of CalTech speaks at the 2013 Fermilab Users Meeting.
Audio starts at 19 sec, Lecture starts at 2:00

[@YogiMcCaw]

Sean is that rare combo of of deep science and superb public communicator. Science needs more like him.

[@ToriKo_]

This!

[@HeyYaKnow]

Dr. Sean Carroll is an intellectual black belt.

[@_John_Sean_Walker]

Johnny, this is about physics, not about metaphysics. It is not about making gold out of lead, and it is not about conjuring magnetism into counterspace.

[@BradWatsonMiami]

🔷 The Conglomerate of Universes - Universe Creation Theory 🔷 combining GOD/Nature, ancient religions, astronomy, cosmology, fined-tuned laws of physics/general relativity/quantum mechanics, chaos theory/fractals, laws of biology & chemistry, linguistics/code-breaking, programming the Universe/GOD=7_4 or FOD=6_4 theory, intelligent design, mysticism, and philosophy/anthropic principle "Energy can’t be created or destroyed, only transformed/transferred in an isolated system." General relativity's black holes, white holes, Big Bang and wormholes. ‘The BIG Bang-Bit Bang’ inflation/expansion of energy₇₄ and information into the void 13.8 billion years ago was a supermassive white hole spawned by a supermassive black hole at the heart of a galaxy in our ‘parent₇₄ universe’. This duality combines general relativity’s singularities of infinite density breaking through spacetime in ‘Cosmic Egg hatchings’ of all created universes within ‘The Conglomerate’: multiverse with no random quantum fluctuation bubble universes, no parallel worlds, and no universes with different physical laws. Our Universe is 1-in-2 trillion ‘self-similar offspring’ each with the same inherited ‘DNA’. “In the beginning”, the Planck density of the core of a SBH is a birth canal. ‘Quantum bounce SBH-SWH seed transitions’ are ‘quantum tunneling umbilical wormholes’ with energy-matter and data transformed/transferred, albeit scrambled and encoded. The ubiquitous cause-and-effect ‘circle of life cycle’: birth-life-death-transformation-rebirth explains infinite space and eternity - a necessity. Reproduction is GOD/Nature’s plan for greatly spreading life from cells to universes. GOD=7_4 or FOD=6_4 is the #1 program₇₄/law/initial₇₄ condition (Seal #2). Why does this Universe exist? It’s our playground (god + run = ground₆₄). - Seal #1a of the 7seals.blogspot.com . Only the returned Christ & Albert Einstein reincarnated could produce this - it's triggered The Apocalypse/ Revelation which is NOT the 'end of the world'. COVID-19 is part of Seal #4: S=19 (18.6) Theory.

[@ansfridaeyowulfsdottir8095]

But he has the voice of a Muppet. Kermit the Frog hybridised with Fozzy Bear. {:-:-:}

[@HeyYaKnow]

@@ansfridaeyowulfsdottir8095 If you think Carroll sounds like Kermit, you've clearly never heard of Dr. Jordan Peterson lol

[@helenel4126]

I'm a layperson. I found Dr Carroll's recommendation/insistence on viewing the quantum world as fields rather than as particles (apologies to the physicists who are offended by this inept phrasing) to be very helpful in trying to understand this topic.

[@Kwisatz_HaderachXIII]

They are both waves and particles

[@Hexanitrobenzene]

Sean Carroll has a gift for explaining physics, a wonderful sense of humour, even his voice is very pleasant :)

[@raymondlai5]

Dear Fermilab =) I would like to say, thank you, for taking the time and effort to both upload and share this video with the youtube family =). I hope you have a nice day, Fermilab =). Kind Regards Raymond Lai (Member of the Physics Family)

[@fermilab]

Thanks Raymond! We love sharing physics with our KZbin family.

[@naimulhaq9626]

Even if there were no charged particles, there can be electric fields. If there were no moving charges there still can be magnetic fields, similarly if you remove the planets you will still have gravitational field, IS NOT TRUE, not observable and not verifiable. Sorry Sean Carroll, you are not paid enough to answer such questions, as you admitted, but you were paid enough not to misinform the public. Schwartzchild assumed g=0 while proving/solving the equations of GR.

[@harisharanshukla2673]

Naimul Haq

[@larrylyons9362]

Hear hear!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@bozo5632]

+Naimul Haq - well maybe it's true in this universe, where we do have electric charges and gravitating planets.

[@misterright8626]

I started to watch this casually but it grabbed and held me for the whole lecture. This is one of Dr Carroll's best!

[@ToriKo_]

He’s good at doing that!

[@antoniosalvador9754]

your clarity in explaining things makes your lecture so addictive. i almost listen to this several times a week. thank you.

[@thersten]

Same.

[@Raddland]

The analogies in this lecture are totally new to me, and very effective. His portion of Field Theory is the new bar for all lecturers from now on!

[@AndrejKarpathy]

This is the best explanation of a lot of fundamental physics and intuitions I have seen so far. Lots of talk of vibrating, interacting fields!

[@muntoonxt]

Karpathy is interested in particle physics? o_0

[@ToriKo_]

@@muntoonxt WOAH if it wasn’t ur comment I wouldnt’ve noticed that was Andrej Karpathy

[@hiratiomasterson4009]

I never imagined that a lecture about Quantum Field Theory would leave me in awe of the optical abilities of a frog...

[@MaxWindshear]

Great upload! I am so impressed with Sean Carroll. His talks always have a good pace and he delivers concepts in a direct and understandable way. I love his sense of humor too.

[@darthmichael12]

You should watch Stargate Atlantis, it’s a great show.

[@sislertx]

Nope he didnt.ever explain MAGNETS...SERIOUSLY . HE NEVER DID...AT ALL.

[@Tom_Quixote]

@@sislertx To a physicist, explaining magnets mean saying it's a magnetic field and that you can calculate it. To most other people, an explanation is more than that.

[@rlmross]

@@sislertx oo

[@Jaggerbush]

I’m gonna go sleep 💤 I’ll take it

[@uberhikari]

I've watched this lecture 3 different times in other videos and it never gets old.

[@yomama5827]

Dr. Sean Carroll is an intellectual black belt.

[@pullingthestrings5233]

It does get old, wait 500 years from now when those humans will laugh at us for thinking this was the best we could do.

[@1stAKIRA]

@@yomama5827 lplop ok loloolllllo I’ll loop l

[@1stAKIRA]

@@pullingthestrings5233 pop lolll ollol

[@1stAKIRA]

@@yomama5827 oh I’ll lol 😝 lolllolo lol lol oll I’ll lo llopplol pp lol p I’ll lll o lollloolollool lol poop lol lol o lol

[@exhibitexpressevidence9919]

I've watched many of Sean's videos. This one is the best!!!

[@MoneyXJatt]

I will apply sunscreen on Monday if I am still interested to be in your position with with me and my wife in case you need need to contact her or my lawyer at any given date and time ⌚ and if there are no issues or issues that are available at this is the only issue in my resume attached below please let

[@Petrov3434]

@@MoneyXJatt is

[@feuerfrei56]

Sean, I appreciate your unique style of explaining difficult and complex ideas of physics to non-experts. You also get a lot of laughs out of me, which is no mean feat! Thanks for sharing your understanding and insights! Mark Koontz

[@modolief]

Brilliant speaker!! Excellent work, thanks!

[@sydbid6104]

I read 'the particle at the end of the universe' and loved it! Huge fan of Sean Carroll

[@screwityoutubization]

Thank you, Hagen, for bringing me to this lecture series .... much appreciated.

[@chrissmith7259]

Sean thanks for this. I argued about this at school in 1975 and My teacher Dr Firscht said I didn't know what I was talking about. I now think I did.

[@chycho]

Excellent lecture. Thank you for the upload.

[@IanLindstrom]

He explains so much, so well, with so little time. Particle at the End of the Universe is a great book. You know you're in Illinois when 1:06:00.

[@DavidODuvall]

Dear Dr. Carroll: Thank you. Your presentation was wonderful and it left me with the perception that I now have a better personal understanding of some of the most important concepts of physics. Again, thank you.

[@kidzbop38isstraightfire92]

I love the fact that he worked in "Miracles" by ICP...the fact that Sean is even aware of this song is hilarious. Funny guy, obviously very brilliant

[@JoeHynes284]

this was the best part of the lecture ha!

[@thersten]

@@BradWatsonMiami are you off your meds again Brad? Imma tell your mom!

[@marks-bp2hf]

Sean Carroll, an entertaining bloke, thank you sir.

[@jaylambert2838]

Best science communicator I've found to this day. I feel much, much, much more deeply educated after listening to him explain a topic than others I've ever heard. He has a very unique talent for simplifying topics to the level of the layman without "dumbing down" the science - or more specifically, he can simplify a topic without doing so in a way that sacrifices scientific accuracy and rigor in order to make it fit the audience's prejudices and past mis-education. Or, maybe I should say he clears up misconceptions as he speaks while others I listen to try to just pass over the misconceptions so they can put it on our "level." Sean instead raises consciousness and understanding so we can be properly educated.

[@colinshawhan8590]

I think of it as science literacy. He is communicating the basic concepts in terms that a journalist or doctor, a non-physicist, can understand and at least appreciate what the underlying concepts are. He likely doesn't know much about the gall bladder, but somewhere he took a biology course so he is scientifically literate about the fact that it produces bile, or whatever. What's that mean? He doesn't care, that's a doctor's job.

[@robertschlesinger1342]

Worthwhile talk by Sean Carroll on the basic of QFT at a level suitable for high school students.

[@hussainrazik1251]

One of the most enjoyable lectures I watched... very clear and entertaining at same time..

[@calebhaines3794]

It is amazing that the volume of space of magnetic materials that used to control only a single muon can be used nowadays to store many muons via the accurate placement and displacement of magnetic procedural circuits.

[@binayakbanerjee9294]

I think name of Kanada should be spelt in same breath with Democritus. Let's recognize ancient Indian science.

[@anastasiszampas4292]

This guy is really smart! It's not just the physics; it's the spontaneous, resourceful humour!

[@shirleymason7697]

Anastasis Zampas ......and fast, he is quick on his feet, never has to say, "Uh...uh..." wish I had such a friend. No one around here thinks like this. Nothing interesting to discuss.

[@wrqnine7675]

Sean Carroll is a national treasure. He is a great teacher and a great mind all in one. What he says about patience and physicists is true, but he seems to have found a pragmatic loophole through which he can communicate effectively. In earnestness there are clues that exist through human pathos, though not all that is science, it often provides more information than the fundamentality of boilerplate. Thanks for this.

[@MarkOates2]

This is the best explanation of quantum mechanics I've seen.

[@withanametocome]

​ @Fermilab what's the name of the equation in 49:21? Or, rather, where can the paper presenting it be found? I need "some" explanations to get the whole of it. Thanks in advance!

[@lucidd4103]

Thank you very much, at least i can see Quantum physics beyond some kind of obscure and weird level of existence. And i really like the description, very elegant and de"light"ful indeed.

[@dylan3657]

food for thought. there is great hope for humanity such brilliance

[@muhammadalkhawarizmi3630]

28:10 Particle is small vibration of quantum field.

[@iqtime1400]

And what is time and gravity do you thinks!!

[@donaldsmith3926]

@@iqtime1400 The difference between when one jumps and when one lands.

[@onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475]

@@iqtime1400 Space-Time. If you want to go further: special relativity is a good place to look for time\length explanations. If you want gravity: General Relativity is what you should look for. That's a tough subject. But some youtube vids give a bit of an idea. If a deeper understanding is what you're after you will need calculus (differential equations) and a very good understanding of "tensors" and vectors. It's a process. There is no easy shortcut for GR. (I shouldn't even attempt it, but: gravity is a distortion or curve in otherwise flat space. This curve is generated by matter (or mass). Once space has a curve, the stuff in space follows that curved shape. It feels like acceleration. That acceleration-like thing is gravity. If you were driving your car in a straight line you would feel nothing. But turn the wheel and make a curve: you feel a force. Now lets say that curve is actually a straight line, and it is space itself that's curved. You would feel a force no matter what path you tried to take. This is sort of what gravity is. And matter puts the curve in space. Everything is trying to follow a straight line, but all straight lines drawn on a curved surface are curves themselves. So that's your 'gravity'. The more matter, the tighter the curve gets. The tighter the curve, the more gravity force you feel. Even if you are not moving, but you are in curved space. ....Well that's idea in a paragraph anyhow. It really needs some time and effort to appreciate. So check out some vids and go for it.

[@redpillcoach1855]

@@onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475 So....Mass tells space-time how to curve, and space-time tells mass how to move. Got it! I don't need no differential stuff.🤦‍♂️

[@robertw1871]

IQ TIME Gravity is time, time is the constant due to the impedance of space. What exactly is that I ask! Nobody has any clue whatsoever I tell you...

[@thekkl]

Sean Carroll has got to be the best physics-for-the-non-physicist guy out there today. Einstein said to make things as simple as possible, but no simpler, and it's unfortunate that Michio Kaku, Neil Degrasse Tyson, etc seem to have missed the second half of that.

[@thegod2291]

True , they oversimplify and lose data.

[@danielsnyder2288]

David Tong also did an excellent explanation of this.

[@SkydivingSquid]

As a student in Physics II, this has been the best physics video I've ever watched.

[@rajkumardhakad8773]

Hi sir although I'm not an expert in the subject, but is it possible to see mass of any particle/object as the energy spike in the fabric/field of space time, as we do for the other particals such as higgs boson in the higgs field.

[@scotty]

Always a treat to listen to Sean Carroll, one of the best.

[@Dr10Jeeps]

Excellent! This is why the internet is useful.....the ability to share scientific knowledge by brilliant, articulate experts.

[@GeoffBernard]

I think this is Sean's best talk. I've never heard Quantum Field Theory explained so well. It's these sort of higher-level talks for the everyday physicists that I believe will lead to unified theory of all dimensions & forces.

[@danielsnyder2288]

David Tongs explanation was also excellent. I've watched that one a half dozen times and learn something new each time. I have high hopes for this one too

[@vrvorper]

Great lecture, Thank You Sean Carroll. I just watched this for the first time roughly nine years later 11/05/2022 . I have a question: Is there a reference system within an individual quantum field or is one created when two or more quantum fields interact?

[@titchglover2601]

That was Great thanks to Sean & Fermilab for sharing this.

[@drewandrews8673]

I need to watch more of Sean Carroll.

[@ludmilasakharova7672]

I adore your lecture. Thanks!

[@systemoftubes]

Best overview of Standard Model I have seen

[@danielturner9027]

Could someone tell me if dark matter is absorbed into black holes? Or does it just pass straight though? I think it adds mass because it interacts gravitationally. Am I wrong? let me know :)

[@jamesyboy4626]

www.universetoday.com/60422/astronomers-find-black-holes-do-not-absorb-dark-matter/

[@dosomething3]

I have no idea what the heck Sean was talking about but I laughed so hard that it compensated for that.

[@adithyakaravadi8170]

Best explanation of modern physics, clear and concise. Loved the humor too! Thanks Fermilab and Sean!

[@koralite3953]

Dr. carroll is a great explainer!

[@eversostrange6337]

What kind of pin the was the opening/introductory speaker wearing? Couldn't quite place it. The guy seems like he would only wear a pin for a relevant reason.

[@MrGOTAMA420]

sean C. you are the MAN (in the sense that you are very smart and great at explaining very difficult things)

[@bonesjones3003]

It really turned out sad didn't it Sean? Four years later and we haven't found a SINGLE!! super symmetric particle at the LHC. Makes me want to pull my hair out!!

[@patrikpass2962]

Have they found one yet?

[@ChaplainDaveSparks]

A lot has changed since I graduated from high school in 1972 and college in 1976. The only hint of anything beyond the basic proton/neutron/electron was a curious movie (by Disney, I think) called *"The Strange Case of the Cosmic Ray".* I think it mentioned something called a *"mu meson".*

[@billschlafly4107]

This is fascinating and terrifying all at the same time. Fascinating because science that isn't fully understood is always fun. Terrifying because it challenges everything you claim to know about reality.

[@NoActuallyGo-KCUF-Yourself]

Bill Schlafly, that is why it is best not to make such claims. If having a belief about reality causes distress when it is challenged, then it is probably not a good belief. My understanding of science is that there are models to use to make predictions and explanations. If a better model comes along, use that one instead.

[@odiesback]

Great lecture on a vert fascinating subject!. I had two watch it two nights in a row. Thank you for making this available to the rest of us.

[@klumaverik]

This guy is AWESOME! How am I just finding out about him?

[@crewrangergaming9582]

Because he is a real Scientist, not one of your fancy ties and bowties big-mouth celebritity scientists.

[@klumaverik]

@@crewrangergaming9582 hey! The "Guy" you speak of is pretty god damn dope too. He helps to get the masses interested in and care about science and our world. We need more people like him. There is an astro physicist named Becky you might like. She is really sweet and talks about...ya know... stars and stuff.

[@issolomissolom3589]

U will find him in the great courses plus He talks about dark energy/dark matter

[@ToriKo_]

You might love his Biggest Ideas in the Universe series freely available on youtube

[@ronaldderooij1774]

I was educated a political scientist. Math eludes me COMPLETELY. All my life, I was interested in physics. This video is a great introduction into particle physics. It opened a new world for me.Math still eludes me, but I read and watch everything there is about the fundamental things of nature. And I am getting it to some degree. That makes me see the world (universe) with completely other eyes. I am a richter mind than before.

[@NanDrummer]

What an excellent video. Thank you.

[@STohme]

Excellent and very interesting talk. Many thanks.

[@Ambienfinity]

Brilliantly insightful and witty. I love the answer about Quantum Field Theory not catching the public imagination: "things that are correct are kinda boring...."

[@jamesbrockunier833]

P8

[@jamesbrockunier833]

Ou opi

[@jamesbrockunier833]

P

[@jamesbrockunier833]

Pi

[@jamesbrockunier833]

Op

[@CDeruiter5963]

So, what is the configuration of these fields like? are they piled on top of one another? Are they embedded within a spatial framework, or is a spatial framework an emergent property of fields interacting? Or, are they completely independent of one another?

[@alexandrugheorghe5610]

What do you mean by "spatial framework"? We do not know yet I'd say (maybe a professional can correct me here), but the general idea is that if you would look close enough at space, it too would be revealing itself as a field. That's why we want to merge quantum with gravity. We will then know if gravity is a quanta due to fields (just like higgs, if you slap with a high enough energy the field you will see an excitation which is basically the boson associated to that field, same would be for gravity, BUT, we DO NOT KNOW yet).

[@CDeruiter5963]

Actually you pretty much answered my question, Thank you. I was specifically wondering whether space is something separate from fields or if space is an emergent property of fields? And if space is separate from fields, how did it come about? P.S: I noticed your reply doesn't show up under my comment. If I accidentally marked it as spam, I apologize.

[@dppid083wk7]

i thought it was based on higher dimensions like string theory inhibiting these forces, "field"

[@waynelast1685]

Thanks so much for KZbin and KZbinrs.

[@Hexnilium]

How do we really know there are distinct fields as opposed to just one field whereby the multiple fields perspective interactions (or lack thereof) are some sort of additive/subtractive synthesis of the singular underlying field of reality?

[@smartcatcollarproject5699]

No mention of particles entanglement, or did I miss something ?Implications for nonlocality in time and space are interesting, I'd like to hear some explanation of this...

[@fermilab]

Duly noted. Description changed.

[@gamesbok]

A particle accelerator visible from an aircraft would not have the required James Bond Evil Genius quality required at CERN. A hollow volcano would have been perfect, but volcanos are in short supply in Europe, except in Italy, but Italy was ruled out as neutrinos travel faster than light down there.

[@ninetyandthree]

gamesbok lol

[@NoActuallyGo-KCUF-Yourself]

Elon Musk would have found a decent volcano lair.

[@yan-amar]

Hi, is it possible to enable subtitles for this great conference ?

[@ianmichael5768]

A system of fields interlinked within Fields interlinked with fields interlinked Within one universe. And dreadfully distinct... Fields. The wonderful communicators of action(and presence). I apologize for stealing from Nabokov...and a movie. Excellent video.

[@aurelienyonrac]

1:13:00 the early universe had low entropy because black holes have low entropy. A black hole is a pocket universe. Gravity, the curvature of space time, is concentric (it is the pulling of space time) when looked from outside of the black hole. Like that ">" But from the point of view of the singularity, space is expanding. Outside gravity appears as expansion, as dark energy. Let me know if you can see what i mean. Thank you

[@Hexnilium]

Particles are a model construct that we use to more easily describe the complexity of continuously undulating waves.

[@Biohaz369]

Best explanation yet!

[@smailwaltit38]

very special thanks to Fermilab for sharing this interesting video

[@TheBinaryUniverse]

Excellent presentation and thought provoking content. I like this guy, plus the fact that I think he's right too.

[@420MusicFiend]

His book "The Particle at the End of the Universe" is phenomenal. If you haven't already, you should check it out.

[@vidajugg]

My time theory of matter is an attempt at a deeper description of nature by thinking of an elementary particle not as a little point or a little loop of vibrating string but as a moment in time fluctuating at its ultimate extreme levels. Khalid Masood

[@MegaSmurfdog]

Well worth the time, a great explanation.

[@The22on]

Sean Carroll is a national treasure, like the Grand Canyon, the Apollo moon rocket, and Pringles Jalapeño chips. If it was possible for Carroll, Krauss, Einstein, Feynman, Maxwell, Newton, and Faraday to meet, the universe wound explode in the bright light of genius. Whenever I feel that humanity sucks, I realize that it only takes a few great thinkers to save it.

[@shirleymason7697]

Nate .....oh how much some of those guys would have to learn.

[@Tom-fh3zg]

I'm sure I'm missing something important, but I thought that when an electron meets a positron they annililate, or is it this annilation that creates these particles?

[@j9312]

Sean is the man.

[@thehorizontries4759]

That interruption was lovely

[@Monllorf]

Sean,Imagine a Probability Density FOURIER pulse to be stroboscopic, whose time between collapses is constant and the pulse existential time a function of energy. All fields coexist in the totality of space, and could vibrate, given a characteristic range of each field, in the presence of a given quantum levels of energy, that generates the pulse that characterizes the particles we detect during collision. The Probability Fourier Pulse concept is the same mathematically as that for generating standing pulses for string instruments. The displacement of the pulse is not continuous given that, a collapse is required before it resurges at a given infinitesimal distance. Please notice that this model is consistent with” time dilation” at significant levels of velocity or when it is stationary at a significant gravitational pull

[@bozo5632]

I understand (sort of) how fuzzy waves in fundamental fields can produce a discreet (at our scale) Toyota. But how do they produce such a nicely spherical, discreet electron?

[@NoahSpurrier]

This is such a good lecture.

[@aurelienyonrac]

Finally someone who uses Cymatics to describe space time vibrations.

[@longcastle4863]

This was just a brilliant talk

[@bushelfoot]

When will we have force fields? Shawn !

[@MrGOTAMA420]

what did the electron say to the protron? stay positive man,,, (my 7 yr old told me this joke .i think she heard it at school)

[@mylittleelectron6606]

please find the origin of this joke and do anything in your power to eradicate all traces of it. Please send me your banking information so I can send money. Take this money and pay anyone who has heard that joke to never speak of it again.

[@ytrrs]

@gotama420: You have it reverse, only a proton can tell an electron to stay positive!

[@exscape]

@@ytrrs No, because the electron is negative to begin with, so it can't *stay* positive! The proton can.

[@tim40gabby25]

Y'all missed that this joke has a half life of 50 years, now inevitably degraded by a "protron" typo

[@rkpetry]

Confined (trapped) photons exhibit the reaction moment of mass when accelerated, by forward blueshift and rearward redshift. So what is Higgs really doing in the equation...

[@nkrishnakanthreddy]

Such an Awesome Video! Thank youuu!!

[@pb4520]

Great thankyou for this !

[@science5765]

Good lecture thank you

[@dspondike]

A fantastic lecture!

[@climbeverest]

Only lecture you need

[@robertalderman5614]

His brain is a particle accelerator! We need to copy him as best we can.

[@2030matrix]

Outstanding presentation. I now understand the confusion between thinking of matter as particles rather than waves. I'm still a bit confused about why the waves appear as particles once they are observed/ recorded.

[@Set_Get]

This lecture was very informative to me. lots of thanks.I wish they had recorded this with two cameras and then had mixed it. the only camera was fixed and focused just on his face. When he points to slides pointer's motion is hidden. It would be a pity if FERMILAB too lacks resources to do this.

[@spannungsquellestromquelle4572]

Nice lecture. good job keep on doing basic research you guys rock.

[@vincentstuart3148]

Very clear for the layperson thank you

[@Hexnilium]

If we could reduce the energy in the Higgs field, couldn't we technically reduce the strength of mass? Regarding the graph, it was mentioned that we could increase the energy to reduce mass, but that would require adding energy. Why not try to reduce the energy?

[@Deepakyadav-vp8xx]

What degree converted into electron And anti electron w boson