Particles Unknown: Hunting Neutrinos | Full Documentary | NOVA | PBS

[@sheepwshotguns42]

for people interested in this subject fermilab has a relatively large channel here on youtube. they go one step further than this documentary while avoiding the heavy math.

[@SolaceEasy]

Even Bananas

[@Drerny1115]

@@SolaceEasy Thank you, sheepshotguns42

[@chrisnichols9876]

So Complicated and Absolutely Fascinating 💚💫💙💥💜

[@sheepwshotguns42]

@@donlouden8850 that kind of depends on you and what you're interested in. you can go to the channel and sort videos by popular then check out whatever catches your eye. youtube doesn't allow links.

[@laughingoutloud5742]

Cool - thanks! ❤️✌️

[@ericwilliams538]

What I find fascinating, are the instruments used to detect all the particles!!! Let alone the discovery of the particals themselves. To simply put it, WOW!!! Just simply WOW!

[@davidirizarry6216]

The instruments they use are just as fascinating as the discovery itself..⚛️.

[@frankdimeglio8216]

​@@davidirizarry6216Consider what is the FOURTH dimension. Consider TIME AND time dilation ON BALANCE. Gravity/acceleration involves what is balanced inertia. This explains E=MC2 AND F=ma. This CLEARLY explains the cosmological redshift. I have CLEARLY solved what is the coronal heating “problem”. Consider what is the FOURTH dimension, as two AND three dimensional SPACE are BALANCED. Consider what is the man (AND what is THE EYE) who is standing on what is THE EARTH/ground !!!! (Touch AND feeling BLEND.) Gravity/acceleration involves what is balanced inertia, as SPACE is electromagnetic/gravitational on/in balance. TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity ON/IN BALANCE. Consistent with what are E=MC2 AND F=ma, gravity/acceleration involves what is balanced inertia; AS TIME dilation is CLEARLY and necessarily proven to be electromagnetic/gravitational ON/IN BALANCE. Great. (Consider TIME AND time dilation ON BALANCE.) This CLEARLY proves what is THE FOURTH dimension (ON BALANCE). Great. WHAT IS E=MC2 is taken directly from F=ma, as gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites; as the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Consider TIME AND time dilation ON BALANCE, as gravity/acceleration involves what is balanced inertia; AS the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution; AS WHAT IS THE MOON will (and does) move away very, very, very slightly in relation to WHAT IS THE EARTH/ground. Now, notice what is the BLUE sky. Complete combustion is consistent with WHAT IS E=MC2. CLEARLY, I have proven what is the fourth dimension. Magnificent !!!! (BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand.) By Frank Martin DiMeglio

[@nilsnyman6767]

NOVA has been on TV since 1974 and I have watched every single one I've ever come across since I was a child. They never disappoint.

[@stephenkalatucka6213]

A neutron walks into a bar and orders a beer. He asks the bartender "What do I owe you?" The bartender says, "For you, no charge."

[@mr.winkie]

😂

[@TubelessXP]

Never trust an atom ~ they make up everything!

[@Sunspot1225.]

A bit cliche, but enjoyable.

[@Canard712]

He's revered.

[@mrhassell]

1 up Quark, 2 down Quark, carry on, Baryon, get your Hadron!

[@johnleca]

I am currently working on a gauge that measures nothing but I am having trouble calibrating it. Great video.

[@RO-uz4oi]

That's because there is no nothing!

[@jennjarrod3378]

@@RO-uz4oi then we should be able to detect it.

[@rudihoffman2817]

LOL! Great comment for this video measuring REALLY subtle nonthings!

[@12thmaths54]

After death goes everyone in dark world

[@VERYEXCITED]

Neutrinos would be a good name for a science-themed pizza restaurant.

[@chadwick634]

😎🤙

[@kraneiathedancingdryad6333]

Come to Lead, SD. There's a neutrino lab here .. and a place called Pizza Lab! lol

[@OneMahnArmy2112]

I like that!!!👌👍

[@EnginAtik]

Neutriños - tilde for the steam on top.

[@telisiabrown2858]

Neutrinos pizzeria, featuring tiny Hamburger pieces (Neutrinos), cheese (atoms?)

[@jamesraymond1158]

The most obvious question about Bruno Pontecorvo, not answered in the documentary, was did did regret defecting. Googling that question brought me to an interview with his son Tito in Physics Today. Although Bruno never told his children whether he regretted defecting, his son made it clear that his father hated the Soviet Union but was prevented from leaving by his communist bosses. According to Tito, Bruno naively thought he would be allowed to travel. Based on this article, Bruno must have regretted defecting soon after he entered the Soviet Union.

[@seansteel3326]

For a scientist, the best reward is getting the resources he needs to do research and the Soviet Union gave him that. Travelling is secondary.

[@jorge10928]

As always, another excellent NOVA episode. Thank you PBS!

[@thagrintch]

What a beautiful documentary. Thank you, Nova for enlightening the world with these beautiful scientific discoveries. We are learning more about our world and with new discoveries come more question. That's the beauty of science.

[@SuenosDeLaNoche]

Brain food YUMMY! Thank you Nova/PBS. Always serving up something good.

[@seekter-kafa]

junk food, increasingly so

[@DeweyLauridsen5000]

I stayed up to watch this!!! Damn I love science. I am always a excited dork over this sort of thing, as well as the new telescope, and quantum physics. I think to myself, we are alive to see all this awsome things happen and discovering new things!!! 😎🤓😏😀. Dewey L

[@tonyduncan9852]

If a neutrino has mass then it is subject to gravity. "Dark matter" is therefore the NEUTRINO ATMOSPHERE of galaxies, and no longer a mystery. What a relief!

[@mikkel715]

Even optimistic mass of neutrinos put the total mass of these ghost particles to about the same as all the stars. Probably smaller. Anyway much smaller than dark matter. But good idea.

[@tonyduncan9852]

@@mikkel715 I hope you included the original neutrinos created at the point of, and following, the singularity. Our arrow of time, and our causality, and our original neutrinos, were powered by antimatter creation, from our point of view. Neutrinos are good at hanging about in the cosmos. Not perfect, but good . . . but big galaxy-sized black holes are still stuffed with them.

[@mikkel715]

@@tonyduncan9852 Yes, even included the massless neutrinos into the equation..

[@tonyduncan9852]

@@mikkel715 Well then we're missing something else as well. That singularity . . .

[@isatousarr7044]

The quest to understand neutrinos often dubbed "particles unknown" is one of the most intriguing challenges in modern physics. Neutrinos are incredibly elusive, interacting very weakly with matter, which makes them difficult to detect despite their abundance in the universe. They play a crucial role in processes such as stellar nucleosynthesis and supernova explosions. By studying neutrinos, scientists aim to uncover more about fundamental particle physics, the mechanisms of energy production in stars, and even the nature of dark matter. What are the most significant challenges in detecting and studying neutrinos, and how have recent advancements in technology and experimental methods improved our ability to understand these elusive particles? Additionally, what could discoveries about neutrinos reveal about the fundamental forces and particles that govern the universe?

[@sean4661]

"Right Now on ..." "NOVA" " !! Consistently the best Docs along with Frontline.

[@Jason-vn5xj]

0:45 “…and astonishing experiments that keep defying the laws of physics.” Uh no. Literally, the opposite.

[@DeAlpineBro]

I'm glad that Ray Davis is getting the recognition he deserves.

[@douglasjohnson4382]

He helped work out all the kinks.

[@AAWCreations_76]

Thank you so much PBS. I love Nova and have watched it since I was a kid. I learn so much! 😊❤❤

[@pierheadjump]

⚓️ Thanks PBS 🌈

[@m3talHalide-rt2fz]

Saying particles interact with each other perpetuates a model so oversimplified its limiting. What is described in the standard model are discrete patterns of excitation of quantum fields. Most quantum fields interact with each other, some dont. Trying to explain everything with point-like representations of those fields is silly. As we perceive them, they are only the final result of field interactions we do not perceive. Like describing what's happening in the cpu of a computer only looking at a handful of the screen's pixels, at random intervals.

[@miinyoo]

Props to the editor. This takes something interesting and elevates it. Great work. Ian Strang and Henry Fraser. o7.

[@Ryan256]

Original air date: October 6, 2021

[@dmimz7691]

If things keep violating the laws of physics, doesn’t that mean the laws are wrong? Or is that just unimaginable…

[@RO-uz4oi]

It means we are expanding our understanding to a next level; like adding time as a fourth dimension.

[@82spiders]

You should read more about what science is. Everything in science is always contingent on the result of the next experiment. See if you can get through the book The Structure of Scientific Revolution, You will be more informed than 99.5% of humans. Thesis, antithesis, consensus. Thomas Kuhn.

[@ciii707]

Phrases like "violates all laws of physics" are pure clickbait. Others are "amazing discovery" and "turns science upside down," but there are too many to list.

[@YourExcellency]

Now, you have me questioning reality. I never thought of it this way. Great question.

[@Inquisite1031]

9/10 times ur theories are wrong not the laws, it is very very very very rare that established laws are wrong, but if u manage to do it u will become world famous, and there's a Nobel prize for u, good luck.

[@byronvyronvyronos]

PROGRESS FOR THE BETTER AND BEST YET TO COME,,,,,,,,,,

[@ImpmanPDX]

So many new physicists to follow!

[@ukadsense-l3q]

Этот канал действительно шарит в арбитраже. Всегда интересно смотреть

[@MikeU128]

36:00 - "Throughout the 1950s and '60, clues from experiments performed at CERN, alongside Fermilab..." Uhh... ground wasn't broken at Fermilab until the end of 1968, and the Main Ring accelerator wasn't fully operational until 1972.

[@jmc8076]

“Fermilab - originally called the National Accelerator Laboratory - began operations in Illinois on June 15, 1967. “ From CERN official website: “On 17 May 1954, the first shovel of earth was dug on the Meyrin site in Switzerland under the eyes of Geneva officials and members of CERN staff.” “The 600 MeV Synchrocyclotron (SC), built in 1957, was CERN’s first accelerator. It provided beams for CERN’s first experiments in particle and nuclear physics.” “The Proton Synchrotron (PS) accelerated protons for the first time on 24 November 1959, becoming for a brief period the world’s highest energy particle accelerator.”

[@baruchben-david4196]

home.cern/about/who-we-are/our-history

[@carlossoto-e2v]

this documentary is really impressive and the visuals are stunning! however, i can't help but feel that the focus on neutrinos might overshadow other fascinating particle physics topics that deserve more attention. what do you all think?

[@JohnDiGiovanni-yh6ys]

Thanks for the free episode of Nova. 👍.

[@LeonelLimon-nj7tu]

Using Time as a component; Past Neutrino, Present Neutrino & Future Neutrino. The oscillating factors of the Neutrino.

[@mikkel715]

When it is discovered that neutrinos are massless, even though they oscillate, standard particle physics will need to be rewritten once again because of this elusive particle. The neutrino will simply laugh and say, "Try to catch me".

[@nathanmadonna9472]

Cool Worlds channel has a great video on how neutrinos might stop nuclear bombs. Might. 😃

[@wtfdfw]

NOVA! YOU GUYS HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO CREATE ONE OF THE BEST SPACE DOC TO SLEEP" CHANNELS ON KZbin RIGHT NOW!

[@patricktilton5377]

The Firesign Theater, on an album that came out in the '70s, did a spoof of noir detective stories titled "The Case of the Missing Neutrino" -- which I haven't heard in well over 40 frigging years. I wonder if it's here on KZbin somewhere . . . ?

[@baruchben-david4196]

No anchovies? I'm sorry, I spell my name 'Danger'.

[@chrislong3938]

Nova is always such a great show!!!

[@judgementhallcollections8168]

So, neutrinos, and possibly other mystery particles are what are involved in 'acting' on the behavior of the double slit experiment

[@thebogsofmordor7356]

Hmmm no. I don't think so.

[@DrachenGothik666]

The double slit experiment used photons, not neutrinos. That experiment was devised in 1909, before neutrinos were even postulated in 1930.

[@rudihoffman2817]

What a cool and nicely done video. bravo to NOVA!

[@Prisoner_844]

The most exciting things would be to learn to talk to the messenger and also to learn dark matter and what is it and gravity. Both mind boggle me just how amazing they are. Wish I could live long enough to see the day science discovers these things. May be different generations from now. Or the near future. But would be so satisfying to reach source.

[@camilleespinas2898]

I think of all the hours and hours of sacrifice that goes into research.

[@MichaelJonesC-4-7]

There! I just saw one! Did anyone else see that?!

[@SolaceEasy]

They cause flashes in the eyes, even more for astronauts.

[@DrachenGothik666]

@@SolaceEasy Our eyes are not neutrino detectors. We can't see them with our eyes. It takes specialized equipment to detect them, & then only secondarily after they've hit an atom.

[@tcf70tyrannosapiensbonsai]

If the smallest particle can be divided into smaller ones, it was wrong to calling it the Atom. This was just a bluff to make their stuff sound more futuristic.

[@diamondperidot]

I’m first! Let the learning begin.

[@veritas41photo]

First? You proud of that? Why?

[@harmonylight1137]

I recently have been watching older, released apocalyptic movies, which has led me down this neutrino research rabbit hole!

[@tommychook4552]

YEP WE ARE JUST playing with the tip of the iceberg ?

[@Iam6of39]

I've recorded them, I've trained myself to see them. It comes in 4 forms, most of the time very active sometimes vibrating what appears to be very slowly but in reality it's extremely fast.

[@johnpmilheiser5991]

Every second ìs a 6 day week & Every minute to us is a year at the atomic level

[@Zuklaak]

For the tail end of this VOD, it might be oscillations in the experiment.

[@dougr.2398]

Super-K is really Super-Kamiokande. I was friendly with Frank Close until I disclosed to him why I believe that nuclear fusion belongs in the sun and not on earth. That has to do with Goldhaber and Teller’s giant dipole resonance and the energies released in the fusion process

[@kabaduck]

Interesting ramification of the mass of the neutrino is, if we can create instrumentation for neutrinos sufficient we will be able to probe gravity at a particle level using the neutrinos. Of course these instruments are probably 10 to 20 years away but eventually the secrets of gravity at a quantum level will be revealed.

[@x5-acousticguitarstuff.2]

This Video was absolutely RUINED by KZbin Ads. Nice work KZbin or should I say AD-TUBE.

[@FloydMaxwell]

The "Standard Model" isn't standard, and isn't a model

[@johnpmilheiser5991]

Vehicles or vessels - Neutrenos

[@jedgould5531]

Why are lasers representing neutrinos?

[@roddneyfett444]

After the proof of Neutrinos, Beta radiation was known to be electrons with Anti-Neutrinos. The full energy equation made sense.

[@georgeflitzer7160]

Well all this brought tears to my eyes.

[@georgeflitzer7160]

Honest to god!

[@tobyw9573]

I've never seen such complex layouts of nuclear explosions. New interactions!

[@PrashantNanda]

Making balance between entangled strings cross points to each other of energy so some energy loses to fulfill others and just we will give those cross points name as particles but it’s specific designed pattern to observe

[@JohnMacFergus-oz5cp]

Thank you PBS! Please help us little particles!

[@sinebar]

I'm thinking neutrinos could actually be photons with a little tiny bit of mass. I'd call them heavy photons.

[@DrDeuteron]

Super no.

[@DrDeuteron]

No,

[@BenTrem42]

Simply fabulous. *_"Wu Li Masters"_*_ are jumping more than ever!_ thanks so much ...

[@accutronitisthe2nd95]

Mind BLOWN!!!

[@JohnSweazy]

I can’t wait to find out what quarks are made of!

[@alankovacik1928]

Just when the standard theory is well defined, reality bites you back 🔙 🔙 with the sterile neutrino.

[@rbb9753]

Basically, they’re asking for it with that name.

[@johnishikawa2200]

I want to say that somewhere I heard that a supernova happening somewhere in the Milky Way galaxy would set off our neutrino detectors , maybe shortly after we saw the flash of the supernova .

[@aajmgopher]

Close. We’d detect the neutrinos first. They’d leave the collapsing core and sail through the rest of the star, virtually unimpeded. Meanwhile the shockwave from the collapsing core, that tears the star apart, would take as much as an hour or two to reach the surface. Only at that point would the supernova become apparent visually.

[@johnishikawa2200]

That's going to be interesting - our neutrino detectors going nuts , giving us a heads up that a supernova has happened somewhere . And we are building these detectors thanks to the theorists like Fermi and Pauli , and also to the experimenters like Raines , Cowans , and that other guy . Pretty interesting !

[@colincampbell767]

I'm an amateur astronomer. If there's a supernova, the gravity waves and neutrinos from the explosion would arrive a few hours before the light does. I'm signed up to get an alert if there is a simultaneous detection of gravity waves and neutrinos from the same direction.

[@johnishikawa2200]

@colincampbell767 : What a spectacular and dramatic confirmation of several current theories THAT would be - amateur astronomers like you being alerted that the flash of a supernova is imminent ! Everyone contributing - the theorists with their calculations , predicting the existence of neutrinos and gravity waves , and the experimenters building the instruments to observe them . Very exciting . You amateur supernova hunters are making a major contribution , like Koichi Itagaki in Japan when he found the supernova in the " pinwheel galaxy " last May . But that one happened 21 million years ago , so perhaps too far to set off neutrino and gravity wave alarms way over here !

[@DrDeuteron]

@@johnishikawa2200if it’s close enough, the gravitational waves should show up too.

[@StuntDonk]

Too many cheap commercials

[@johnpmilheiser5991]

Time is 518,000 times faster at the atomic level. However, time is relative in perception

[@larsrunic]

if neutrinos react to each other and change, a stream of neutrinos would change more quickly.

[@fattyz1]

We need to find more particles / we need to keep a lot of people working.

[@baruchben-david4196]

I'm confused about the claim that something that is massless cannot oscillate. Doesn't light oscillate? And isn't light massless? I don't understand...

[@mikkel715]

Quantum mechanics, not the theory of relativity or the passage of time, actually explains this. Oscillation is a phenomenon specific to quantum mechanics.

[@abebegebresolomon5384]

Physics is a long way to know the secrets of the universe, the shortest way is reading the Bible to know everything you want to know the meaning of life with some knowledge of science.

[@lostpianist]

Neutrinos, the powerhouse of the cell.

[@MicChacon]

My favorite flavor of Neutrino is strawberry.

[@MichaelJonesC-4-7]

That's only because you haven't yet tasted the butterscotch. _yum!_

[@SolaceEasy]

Banana.

[@85holley]

Strawberry Neutrino - excellent girl band name

[@kraneiathedancingdryad6333]

I live in Lead, SD... We have a lab that is going to "catch" some neutrinos that Fermi lab will be sending 😁

[@stevengill1736]

I love the thought that with 3D neutrino detectors you could map them, like, " see, there's the sun over there....and those little dots are nuclear power plants..."

[@WebenHad]

Neutrinos..A great name for a Breakfast Cereal

[@lostcat9lives322]

Guaranteed Weight Loss!

[@trebell885]

Even in darkness. Light still cast its shadow?

[@joependleton6293]

Nice that neutrino play different tunes durin their journey through & around the maelstrom of the cosmos, they have purpose!

[@jimcameron7846]

why is it a mystery? if mass can be turned into energy, why is the missing energy/matter not the energy of the expansion? spacetime is the creation. ninety five percent is the creation. just because we don't have a theory, doesn't mean the stuff ain't there. where is the dark matter/energy? it's the creation function. the shadow caused by the light. the emptiness of what we don't see. the color of gravity.

[@jesselukes]

Imagine writing this script and typing the words "solid matter" and nobody notices and it makes it to the final cut lol.

[@DrachenGothik666]

It's not a weird way of writing it at all. Not all mass is solid. Gases have mass, so do plasmas. So it does make sense to write "solid matter"--you have to define what state it's in.

[@knutholt3486]

When neutrinos have mass, they can also slow down and even lie still. Perhaps the dark matter is simply masses of slow neutrinos. The energy in such a neutrino will be so small that it cannot interact with anything in any way. except by gravity, so it cannot be detected as such.

[@rubberlegs15]

Thank you 😊

[@arthurriaf8052]

If you consider the universe is full of neutrinos, photons, radiation and gravity waves all mixed together for billions of years I'd expect some interaction between all these different things. Dark mater and dark energy could be the result of these interactions. Since we just discovered the Higgs boson and didn't even know it might exist 75 years ago I'll bet ther's more to the story than we can even imagine!

[@FredGrace]

Paul Pantone inventor jailed has the GEET fuel processor that transmutates the elements releasing the neutron and quantum particles that shield you from inertia

[@CLipka2373]

They make it sound like neutrino research is something brand new. It's not. The intro may even be misunderstood that neutrinos may be the explanation to dark matter. They are not, and we have already known that for a while. They make it sound like there is well-founded reason to expect a new type of neutrino. There is not. It's just a wild hunch.

[@jimtrowbridge3845]

Maybe empty space has mass?

[@PatrickHayes-j2p]

NOVA for president!😂

[@PNW-Twelve]

2:29 - *"Remarkable Particles"* Nice

[@georgeflitzer7160]

Fascinating!!!

[@Sergio-ik7jl]

Dark matter seems to be the nonlinear action of space time on itself

[@jennjarrod3378]

I have a feeling that broad has absolutely no idea what she's talking about.

[@rotnbazturd7569]

so what happens when one of the things interacts with an atom in your body ?

[@nickbroughton928]

Dark matter... fluctuations in the higgs field creating gravity, artifically presumably. We can not detect this field directly and thus, cant tell if its particles or just fluctuations of the field.

[@rubi588]

Fermi looking 49 at 26 13:43

[@saulgoodman7221]

I saw this guy on stargate the series the other day. He was a sci-fi director or something.

[@HikerBikerMoter]

It took a hundred years to confirm sir neutrino and complete the standard model. Wonder where 2020 to 2120 will take us - hopefully closer to unlock the secrets of Dark Matter 🤔

[@ericoyen1704]

Well, considering that it’s been proven that antimatter exists, why not anti-neutrinos? Each flavor would have its opposite. That would certainly make a lot more sense, now wouldn’t it? You don’t have to try and shoehorn in a fourth particle when all you need is three other particles who are exact opposites of the detectable Lutrin’s.

[@DrDeuteron]

That’s the whole point of the 4th neutrino, it’s a special kind that is it’s own antiparticle.. the known ones have anti versions.

[@michaelcorlet2998]

The connumbrum,the more you know,the more you realise how much you dont know.

[@ujjwalkumar6979]

Very nice video

[@johnpmilheiser5991]

Energy is all about the particles spin

[@mr.winkie]

How do we know neutrinos exist when we have yet to observe one non-synthetically?

[@colincampbell767]

We haven't observed any of the parts of an atom directly.

[@Youtubeuser1aa]

Because you can observe them period.

[@DrDeuteron]

What does non synthetically mean.

[@DrDeuteron]

@@colincampbell767no, we have. Quarks even.

[@colincampbell767]

@@DrDeuteron Really? When have we 'seen' a quark?

[@Itsruben21]

dark matter/energy are the particles already traveling through space like light energy(mass), gama, nuetrinos it fills the empty space which means if we can see and detect it ...its mass ...thats the dark matter

[@hankclay1376]

I wish they would explain why and how they figured it out, instead they just say they did an experiment, and they discovered this and that. But give no details, wish they would give some high-level info on how they figured something out. (For instance, they say this physicist determined neutrinos can change flavors. How did he figure that out???)

[@ddunvideo]

Thanks for the insight ❤