Particles Unknown: Hunting Neutrinos | Full Documentary | NOVA | PBS

Join the hunt for the universe’s most common-yet most elusive and baffling-particle. (Aired October 6, 2021)
Official Website: to.pbs.org/4b5VqIx | #novapbs
Outnumbering atoms a billion to one, neutrinos are the universe’s most common yet most elusive and baffling particle. NOVA joins an international team of neutrino hunters as they try to capture an elusive fourth form of neutrino. Their results may force scientists to redraw their blueprint of the subatomic world, the Standard Model of physics, and change our understanding of how the universe works.
Chapters
00:00 Introduction
04:25 What is a Neutrino?
21:22 Detecting Neutrinos in the Universe
31:59 Neutrino Oscillation
36:01 The Standard Model of Particle Physics
43:45 The Future of Neutrino Detection
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[@sheepwshotguns42]

for people interested in this subject fermilab has a relatively large channel here on youtube. they go one step further than this documentary while avoiding the heavy math.

[@SolaceEasy]

Even Bananas

[@Drerny1115]

@@SolaceEasy Thank you, sheepshotguns42

[@richarddavis5459]

History of the universe.. is an excellent channel..the narration is 10 out of 10. By far my favorite channel. Check it out you won't regret it.

[@chrisnichols9876]

So Complicated and Absolutely Fascinating 💚💫💙💥💜

[@sheepwshotguns42]

@@donlouden8850 that kind of depends on you and what you're interested in. you can go to the channel and sort videos by popular then check out whatever catches your eye. youtube doesn't allow links.

[@ericwilliams538]

What I find fascinating, are the instruments used to detect all the particles!!! Let alone the discovery of the particals themselves. To simply put it, WOW!!! Just simply WOW!

[@stephenkalatucka6213]

A neutron walks into a bar and orders a beer. He asks the bartender "What do I owe you?" The bartender says, "For you, no charge."

[@mr.winkie]

😂

[@TubelessXP]

Never trust an atom ~ they make up everything!

[@Sunspot1225.]

A bit cliche, but enjoyable.

[@SuenosDeLaNoche]

Brain food YUMMY! Thank you Nova/PBS. Always serving up something good.

[@seekter-kafa]

junk food, increasingly so

[@jorge10928]

As always, another excellent NOVA episode. Thank you PBS!

[@johnleca]

I am currently working on a gauge that measures nothing but I am having trouble calibrating it. Great video.

[@RO-uz4oi]

That's because there is no nothing!

[@DeweyLauridsen5000]

I stayed up to watch this!!! Damn I love science. I am always a excited dork over this sort of thing, as well as the new telescope, and quantum physics. I think to myself, we are alive to see all this awsome things happen and discovering new things!!! 😎🤓😏😀. Dewey L

[@JR-playlists]

Exciting research, must be incredibly rewarding to publish results that can stand up to massive scrutiny! I'm glad the community eventually rewarded Ray Davis' work with the prize for his work and determination through the unknown problem.

[@sean4661]

"Right Now on ..." "NOVA" " !! Consistently the best Docs along with Frontline.

[@miinyoo]

Props to the editor. This takes something interesting and elevates it. Great work. Ian Strang and Henry Fraser. o7.

[@thagrintch]

What a beautiful documentary. Thank you, Nova for enlightening the world with these beautiful scientific discoveries. We are learning more about our world and with new discoveries come more question. That's the beauty of science.

[@ImpmanPDX]

So many new physicists to follow!

[@VERYEXCITED]

Neutrinos would be a good name for a science-themed pizza restaurant.

[@chadwick634]

😎🤙

[@kraneiathedancingdryad6333]

Come to Lead, SD. There's a neutrino lab here .. and a place called Pizza Lab! lol

[@OneMahnArmy2112]

I like that!!!👌👍

[@EnginAtik]

Neutriños - tilde for the steam on top.

[@telisiabrown2858]

Neutrinos pizzeria, featuring tiny Hamburger pieces (Neutrinos), cheese (atoms?)

[@pierheadjump]

⚓️ Thanks PBS 🌈

[@AAWCreations_76]

Thank you so much PBS. I love Nova and have watched it since I was a kid. I learn so much! 😊❤❤

[@accutronitisthe2nd95]

Mind BLOWN!!!

[@JohnDiGiovanni-yh6ys]

Thanks for the free episode of Nova. 👍.

[@georgeflitzer7160]

Well all this brought tears to my eyes.

[@georgeflitzer7160]

Honest to god!

[@georgeflitzer7160]

Fascinating!!!

[@Jason-vn5xj]

0:45 “…and astonishing experiments that keep defying the laws of physics.” Uh no. Literally, the opposite.

[@Prisoner_844]

The most exciting things would be to learn to talk to the messenger and also to learn dark matter and what is it and gravity. Both mind boggle me just how amazing they are. Wish I could live long enough to see the day science discovers these things. May be different generations from now. Or the near future. But would be so satisfying to reach source.

[@nathanmadonna9472]

Cool Worlds channel has a great video on how neutrinos might stop nuclear bombs. Might. 😃

[@wtfdfw]

NOVA! YOU GUYS HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO CREATE ONE OF THE BEST SPACE DOC TO SLEEP" CHANNELS ON KZbin RIGHT NOW!

[@MikeU128]

36:00 - "Throughout the 1950s and '60, clues from experiments performed at CERN, alongside Fermilab..." Uhh... ground wasn't broken at Fermilab until the end of 1968, and the Main Ring accelerator wasn't fully operational until 1972.

[@jmc8076]

“Fermilab - originally called the National Accelerator Laboratory - began operations in Illinois on June 15, 1967. “ From CERN official website: “On 17 May 1954, the first shovel of earth was dug on the Meyrin site in Switzerland under the eyes of Geneva officials and members of CERN staff.” “The 600 MeV Synchrocyclotron (SC), built in 1957, was CERN’s first accelerator. It provided beams for CERN’s first experiments in particle and nuclear physics.” “The Proton Synchrotron (PS) accelerated protons for the first time on 24 November 1959, becoming for a brief period the world’s highest energy particle accelerator.”

[@baruchben-david4196]

home.cern/about/who-we-are/our-history

[@m3talHalide-rt2fz]

Saying particles interact with each other perpetuates a model so oversimplified its limiting. What is described in the standard model are discrete patterns of excitation of quantum fields. Most quantum fields interact with each other, some dont. Trying to explain everything with point-like representations of those fields is silly. As we perceive them, they are only the final result of field interactions we do not perceive. Like describing what's happening in the cpu of a computer only looking at a handful of the screen's pixels, at random intervals.

[@diamondperidot]

I’m first! Let the learning begin.

[@veritas41photo]

First? You proud of that? Why?

[@chrislong3938]

Nova is always such a great show!!!

[@kraneiathedancingdryad6333]

I live in Lead, SD... We have a lab that is going to "catch" some neutrinos that Fermi lab will be sending 😁

[@stevengill1736]

I love the thought that with 3D neutrino detectors you could map them, like, " see, there's the sun over there....and those little dots are nuclear power plants..."

[@kirkfengel373]

Perhaps neutrinos are the base electrical charge supporting this simulation. Perhaps we are in a bubble universe, completely isolated from all the other bubble universes, where all the missing, or dark, matter exists. Just a couple of thoughts.

[@timberwoof]

"Super K"? Really? I always thought it was Super-Kamiokande. Has that become too complicated to say?

[@patricktilton5377]

The Firesign Theater, on an album that came out in the '70s, did a spoof of noir detective stories titled "The Case of the Missing Neutrino" -- which I haven't heard in well over 40 frigging years. I wonder if it's here on KZbin somewhere . . . ?

[@baruchben-david4196]

No anchovies? I'm sorry, I spell my name 'Danger'.

[@dmimz7691]

If things keep violating the laws of physics, doesn’t that mean the laws are wrong? Or is that just unimaginable…

[@RO-uz4oi]

It means we are expanding our understanding to a next level; like adding time as a fourth dimension.

[@tobyw9573]

I've never seen such complex layouts of nuclear explosions. New interactions!

[@arthurjones9580]

Very cool Nova!

[@Zuklaak]

For the tail end of this VOD, it might be oscillations in the experiment.

[@tnductai]

awesome vid!

[@Ryan256]

Original air date: October 6, 2021

[@jedgould5531]

Why are lasers representing neutrinos?

[@ddunvideo]

Thanks for the insight ❤

[@user-ef2rf3xx4b]

NOVA for president!😂

[@johnishikawa2200]

I want to say that somewhere I heard that a supernova happening somewhere in the Milky Way galaxy would set off our neutrino detectors , maybe shortly after we saw the flash of the supernova .

[@aajmgopher]

Close. We’d detect the neutrinos first. They’d leave the collapsing core and sail through the rest of the star, virtually unimpeded. Meanwhile the shockwave from the collapsing core, that tears the star apart, would take as much as an hour or two to reach the surface. Only at that point would the supernova become apparent visually.

[@johnishikawa2200]

That's going to be interesting - our neutrino detectors going nuts , giving us a heads up that a supernova has happened somewhere . And we are building these detectors thanks to the theorists like Fermi and Pauli , and also to the experimenters like Raines , Cowans , and that other guy . Pretty interesting !

[@colincampbell767]

I'm an amateur astronomer. If there's a supernova, the gravity waves and neutrinos from the explosion would arrive a few hours before the light does. I'm signed up to get an alert if there is a simultaneous detection of gravity waves and neutrinos from the same direction.

[@johnishikawa2200]

@colincampbell767 : What a spectacular and dramatic confirmation of several current theories THAT would be - amateur astronomers like you being alerted that the flash of a supernova is imminent ! Everyone contributing - the theorists with their calculations , predicting the existence of neutrinos and gravity waves , and the experimenters building the instruments to observe them . Very exciting . You amateur supernova hunters are making a major contribution , like Koichi Itagaki in Japan when he found the supernova in the " pinwheel galaxy " last May . But that one happened 21 million years ago , so perhaps too far to set off neutrino and gravity wave alarms way over here !

[@DrDeuteron]

@@johnishikawa2200if it’s close enough, the gravitational waves should show up too.

[@LeonelLimon-nj7tu]

Using Time as a component; Past Neutrino, Present Neutrino & Future Neutrino. The oscillating factors of the Neutrino.

[@jesselukes]

Imagine writing this script and typing the words "solid matter" and nobody notices and it makes it to the final cut lol.

[@DrachenGothik666]

It's not a weird way of writing it at all. Not all mass is solid. Gases have mass, so do plasmas. So it does make sense to write "solid matter"--you have to define what state it's in.

[@alankovacik1928]

Just when the standard theory is well defined, reality bites you back 🔙 🔙 with the sterile neutrino.

[@rbb9753]

Basically, they’re asking for it with that name.

[@georgeflitzer7160]

Ty NOVA!!

[@brainspatula]

How many neutrinos would a gravity drive output?

[@PNW-Twelve]

2:29 - *"Remarkable Particles"* Nice

[@kabaduck]

Interesting ramification of the mass of the neutrino is, if we can create instrumentation for neutrinos sufficient we will be able to probe gravity at a particle level using the neutrinos. Of course these instruments are probably 10 to 20 years away but eventually the secrets of gravity at a quantum level will be revealed.

[@PurnamadaPurnamidam]

Etore Majorrana went missing again😢 one of my favourite

[@rubi588]

Fermi looking 49 at 26 13:43

[@jimtrowbridge3845]

Maybe empty space has mass?

[@sinebar]

I'm thinking neutrinos could actually be photons with a little tiny bit of mass. I'd call them heavy photons.

[@DrDeuteron]

Super no.

[@DrDeuteron]

No,

[@charlesbrightman4237]

GENERATING NEUTRINOS: (Besides the 'normal' way): Do my gravity test for my theory of everything idea, (canceling out 'em' of a high powered laser, thereby generating a mini gravitational black hole), but before the black hole would be generated, possibly a neutrino would be generated. Need to do the test to see if true or not.

[@davidliverman4742]

Love this stuff!

[@richardlovato6301]

Cool

[@roddneyfett444]

After the proof of Neutrinos, Beta radiation was known to be electrons with Anti-Neutrinos. The full energy equation made sense.

[@FloydMaxwell]

The "Standard Model" isn't standard, and isn't a model

[@goneutt]

Pontecorvo? Just off my rough Latin, Crow Bridge? Are we doing a bit?

[@TR-wr8ix]

Imagine roaming the apocalypse in Japan, and finding a tunnel into a mountain... and inside is a giant room full of light emitters... I'd be wondering what crazy stuff was going on lol

[@DrDeuteron]

Those are light receivers, not emitters. Single photon even. See photomultiplier tube.

[@arthurriaf8052]

If you consider the universe is full of neutrinos, photons, radiation and gravity waves all mixed together for billions of years I'd expect some interaction between all these different things. Dark mater and dark energy could be the result of these interactions. Since we just discovered the Higgs boson and didn't even know it might exist 75 years ago I'll bet ther's more to the story than we can even imagine!

[@saulgoodman7221]

I saw this guy on stargate the series the other day. He was a sci-fi director or something.

[@johnpmilheiser5991]

Every second ìs a 6 day week & Every minute to us is a year at the atomic level

[@SumNumber]

A buffer zone between dimensions ? :O)

[@johnpmilheiser5991]

Energy is all about the particles spin

[@thiesenf]

What if there really are a superparticle that would act like a portal to a whole new realm of reality... wouldn't that make us look like dark energy for that other reality???

[@fattyz1]

We need to find more particles / we need to keep a lot of people working.

[@johnpmilheiser5991]

Vehicles or vessels - Neutrenos

[@judgementhallcollections8168]

So, neutrinos, and possibly other mystery particles are what are involved in 'acting' on the behavior of the double slit experiment

[@thebogsofmordor7356]

Hmmm no. I don't think so.

[@DrachenGothik666]

The double slit experiment used photons, not neutrinos. That experiment was devised in 1909, before neutrinos were even postulated in 1930.

[@sethgardner4453]

Corbin Burnes, former Brewer is an Oriole now. Thank goodness.

[@WebenHad]

Neutrinos..A great name for a Breakfast Cereal

[@lostcat9lives322]

Guaranteed Weight Loss!

[@baruchben-david4196]

I'm confused about the claim that something that is massless cannot oscillate. Doesn't light oscillate? And isn't light massless? I don't understand...

[@Itsruben21]

dark matter/energy are the particles already traveling through space like light energy(mass), gama, nuetrinos it fills the empty space which means if we can see and detect it ...its mass ...thats the dark matter

[@ericoyen1704]

Well, considering that it’s been proven that antimatter exists, why not anti-neutrinos? Each flavor would have its opposite. That would certainly make a lot more sense, now wouldn’t it? You don’t have to try and shoehorn in a fourth particle when all you need is three other particles who are exact opposites of the detectable Lutrin’s.

[@DrDeuteron]

That’s the whole point of the 4th neutrino, it’s a special kind that is it’s own antiparticle.. the known ones have anti versions.

[@josephgallien9093]

I wonder if neutrinos have mass only after they've interacted with a Higgs field, or perhaps that interaction causes the neutrinos to change flavors?

[@johnpmilheiser5991]

Time is 518,000 times faster at the atomic level. However, time is relative in perception

[@cowanleighanne]

No matter how dense? SG-1, anyone? 👀

[@TC-xh5wp]

Oh my god, the music. Please at least cut it in half. Oh wait, I'm good, just turned the volume down and put the CC lol.

[@mr.winkie]

How do we know neutrinos exist when we have yet to observe one non-synthetically?

[@colincampbell767]

We haven't observed any of the parts of an atom directly.

[@Youtubeuser1aa]

Because you can observe them period.

[@DrDeuteron]

What does non synthetically mean.

[@DrDeuteron]

@@colincampbell767no, we have. Quarks even.

[@colincampbell767]

@@DrDeuteron Really? When have we 'seen' a quark?

[@Coz-l8o]

Wow

[@michaelcorlet2998]

The connumbrum,the more you know,the more you realise how much you dont know.

[@gregniel]

We know so little about so little.

[@wdfusroy8463]

Huh, how do they know whether the neutrinos are coming from a short distance or not?

[@DrDeuteron]

Up is short and down is far

[@sharinaross1865]

9:00

[@robertcook5201]

Sterile neutrino, a ghost haunting a ghost.

[@Cheka__]

Neutrinos cause static electricity.

[@DrachenGothik666]

Nope, they don't. Static electricity is charged electrons interacting with a surface or some mass. Different particle doing the interacting.

[@darryladkins3033]

2nd

[@veritas41photo]

Second? You proud of that? Why?

[@darryladkins3033]

@veritas4 1 photo Evidently you have no sense of humor 😒

[@MicChacon]

My favorite flavor of Neutrino is strawberry.

[@MichaelJonesC-4-7]

That's only because you haven't yet tasted the butterscotch. _yum!_

[@SolaceEasy]

Banana.

[@85holley]

Strawberry Neutrino - excellent girl band name

[@bloodyblackjack4157]

Bah

[@mrlucasftw42]

Mmm - neutrino flavored. Ultra low calorie

[@konradcomrade4845]

calculated there must be something... missing? Have You heard of a new numbers format for computers: Posits instead of Floating point numbers? invented 2017 by John L. Gustafson, in Singapore! Posits are better, they map the real numbers in a more symetrical way, with less exceptions, less NaNs, consume less bits/numerical precision, can be faster and need less storage. in short a more reliable and efficient numerical representation for Physics calculations; if and when cast into processor hardware! Risk-V ? Samsung? Fujitsu? NVIDIA? FermiLab sure could use those Posits. Who will do it?

[@Animamundi-bn7yt]

ARE our Guide…. 100% No higher religion than truth 💥 ⭐️ 🌎 🕊

[@dribble3111]

That tiny particle exploded my mind. Knowing there is a 3d mandelbrot in each one

[@padraiggluck2980]

Acknowledging the desire for, if not the necessity of, symmetry I vote for at least three new neutrinos.

[@bird65413]

Dark Matter name change "Doesn't Matter" 🐦

[@ethanqt]

How exciting! 3 types of neutrinos... No no no maybe a 4th one. Please describe the first 3. There are no explanations of what they are. What BS i am listening to? Just called it "dark neutrino" like dark matter, dark energy, black hole, and singularity. Science is an evolving theory, and that is exciting!

[@phillipmitchell2254]

Homey fled behind the "iron curtain" because of McCarthyism

[@colincampbell767]

He was in Great Britian. And McCarthy has access to intelligence information about a concerted Soviet effort to undermine the US from within. This information wasn't declassified until the late 1990's. Turned out that the Soviets really were doing what McCarthy said they were.

[@lostcat9lives322]

More just around the corner.

[@DrachenGothik666]

MCarthyism hadn't quite gotten started, yet, when Portocorvo fled to the USSR. He defected shortly before all of that got started.

[@MichaelJonesC-4-7]

There! I just saw one! Did anyone else see that?!

[@SolaceEasy]

They cause flashes in the eyes, even more for astronauts.

[@DrachenGothik666]

@@SolaceEasy Our eyes are not neutrino detectors. We can't see them with our eyes. It takes specialized equipment to detect them, & then only secondarily after they've hit an atom.

[@MacMcG-hb6cr]

In all we think we know about MATTER vs UNIVERSE. we know nothing! Since we are unable to access the unrecorded process of the evolving (expansion theory).. JWST threw a wrench into this theory by proposing never before postulations of observations! Simply, deep-time doesn't have a validated measurement of TIME itself! We cannot go back in time to watch it happen! We are relegated to "theories" we contrive!

[@Shaden0040]

Here's a question can neutrinos be red shifted Or blue shifted depending on their Speed they do travel at this speed of light therefore they must have a small tiny tiny tiny tiny mouse mass because they're traveling to the sea light now does that mean that photons might actually might have mass as well and be even less hefty or less weight inducing than the genos which is why they travel at this field of light because everybody keeps seeing photons have no mass well I say **** everything has to have mass it may not be a mega amount but it has mass it's got to have mass otherwise it would not light would not bend it would not follow the curvature of the inverse just go straight in every direction Regardless of whether or not space curves it would not care about curvature it goes straight no matter what so it directs with the physical world by curving due to mass Which means it must also have mouse Individually they have the smallest amount of mouse ever but cumulatively maybe that's where the dark energy and the dark matter come from Through photons and the neutrinos and other particles moving into speed anything that's moving at the speed of light is infinitely heavy According to Einstein and standing still and watching the universe go by you at the speed of light is the same thing as traveling with the speed of light Which is what we see sons and stars and all their photon rays doing they move outwards and if you do get to see any of the aurora tonight enjoy it's just type four solar storm which may interrupt communication satellites radio everything. And the Aurora North and S Will be visible at least in northeastern us Canada eastern standard time between I think it's like one or two and 5:00 AM today.

[@colincampbell767]

In order to do that you have to get a photon to bounce off one.

[@DrachenGothik666]

Neutrinos aren't photons. They don't shift along the electromagnetic spectrum. Physical masses that produce light do, such as stars. We don't know how the Doppler Effect would be detected with neutrinos.

[@eewilson9835]

Not mysterious, spend many nights moon gazing for hours, after a heavy amount of time meditating with a little basic science knowledge, I mean basic is it, and the rest you can learn is "I percieved somthing like that?" yes, they describe things that are not really a mystery, its easy to know the most complex new science with zero effort, enjoy your perceptive body, its intellect is accurate. I'm a genious, and thats not that smart, they are yummy, they are exactly as they are described. Go out at night.

[@YogiMcCaw]

Please send me some of your mushrooms...

[@eewilson9835]

@@YogiMcCaw I'm not using anything, just calm observations, drugs or psychedelic mushrooms do not impress memory that allows for lifetime learning, they are called flavors, and its true, without imbibing. lol

[@DrachenGothik666]

Wow, whatever yer on must be powerful stuff. And it's spelled "genius", genius.

[@eewilson9835]

@@DrachenGothik666 its called christianity and I'll think you'll find its the only true God.