Рет қаралды 1,430
The coins were nicknamed πωλοι (poloi, meaning “colts”). A magnificent example dated to c. 550-500 BCE brought over $85,000 in a recent European auction.
Original Greek: πῶλος: ἑταίρα. πώλους: γὰρ αὐτὰς ἔλεγον, οἷον Ἀφροδίτης.πώλους: τοὺς νέους, καὶ τὰς νέας, καὶ παρθένους
Word-for-word breakdown:
• πῶλος: foal, colt (young horse)
• ἑταίρα: companion, courtesan
• πώλους: (accusative plural of πῶλος) foals, colts
• γὰρ: for
• αὐτάς: them
• ἔλεγον: they were saying
• οἷον: like, as
• Ἀφροδίτης: of Aphrodite (the goddess of love)
• τοὺς νέους: the young men
• καὶ: and
• τὰς νέας: the young women
• καὶ: and
• παρθένους: virgins
English translation:
• Literal: "Foal: Companion. For they were saying 'foals,' as of Aphrodite. 'Foals' meaning the young men, and the young women, and virgins."
1547. pōu- : pəu- : pū̆-
English : ‘small, little; young (of animals)’
German : ‘klein, gering, wenig’, vielfach für ‘Junges, Tierjunges, kleines Tier’
Derivative: pō[u]-lo-s ‘young one’, pəu-ko- ‘few’, pu-tlo-s ‘child’.
Material:
1. With the o suffix: Gothic fawai (plural) ‘few’, Old Icelandic fār ‘few, reticent’, fā-tøkr ‘poor’ (like Latin pauper), Old High German fao, fō ‘few’, dative plural fouuem, Old Saxon fā, Anglo-Saxon fēa (plural fēawe), English few ‘few’.
2. With the formative -ko-: Latin paucus ‘few’, pauper ‘poor’ (pauco-paros or pau-paros ‘earning little, creating little’); Old High German fōh ‘few’. With the suffix -lo-: Latin paul(l)us ‘small, few’ (pauks-lo-), pauxillus ‘very little’ (pauk-s-lo-lo-).
3. With the formative suffix -ro-: Greek παῦρος ‘small, insignificant’, Latin with rearrangement parvus ‘small’, parum (*parvom) ‘too little’.
4. ‘Young, offspring’:
Greek παῦς (in Attic vases), Genitive παϝός (in Cypriot dialect, with a new nominative πας), παῖς, Genitive παιδός masculine or feminine, Homeric πάϊς, παϝιδ- ‘child’; Latin puer ‘child, boy, girl’ (*puu̯ero-), puella ‘girl’; Gothic fula, Old Icelandic foli masculine, fyl neuter (*fulja-), and fylja feminine, Anglo-Saxon fola, Old High German folo, fulī(n) ‘foal, young horse’; alongside *pō[u]los in Armenian ul ‘goat’, am-ul ‘barren’ (*n̥-pōlo-), yɫi feminine ‘pregnant’ (*i-pōlniyā); Greek πῶλος ‘foal’, also ‘young man, young girl’, πωλίον ‘small foal, young one’, Albanian pelë, pēlë ‘mare’ (feminine form of *pōlos); perhaps the Median Arbu-pales, if it means ‘possessing white foals’.
Arbupales (Greek: Ἀρβουπάλης) was one of the Persian generals in the Battle of the Granicus in 334 BC in Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). He was a son of that Darius who was son of Artaxerxes II and Stateira. He was killed during the battle.
5. With t-formants: putrá- m., Avestan puϑ-ra- m. (the latter from pūtlo-, like Oscan puklo-) ‘son, child’; Greek names like Πώ-ταλος; Latin putus, putillus ‘boy’, alongside pūt-so- in pūs(s)us, a ‘boy, girl’, but pŭsillus ‘very small’ is a diminutive of pullus (putslo-lo-s); Oscan puklo ‘child’ (= Sanskrit putrá-), Paelignian puclois (dative plural) ‘boys’, Marsian pucles; Latin pullus ‘young, young animal’ (put-s-lo-); Balto-Slavic putā ‘bird’ in Russian-Church Slavonic pъta ‘bird’, pъtištь ‘small bird’ (where ‘bird’ originally means ‘young bird’), Lithuanian putýtis ‘young animal, young bird’ (term of endearment), Baltic put-n-a- in Latvian putns ‘bird’; with another, diminutive formant combination Lithuanian paũ-kštis ‘bird’.