Cell Cycle and Mitosis

The life of a cell is amazingly complex. Mitotic cell division requires precision and organization to ensure that both daughter cells receive EXACTLY the same genetic material. But how? This video explains the phases of the cell life cycle, the important structural features of chromosomes and a whole lot about microtubules which organize the whole affair. The end of the video briefly discusses how often cells divide and how they "know" when to divide - and what happens when they make mistakes.
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VIDEO DETAILS
The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Cell Division is needed for:
Reproduction in single-celled organisms
Asexual growth in colonial organisms
Development in multicellular organisms from a fertilized egg
Cell replacement in multicellular organisms
Challenges of Cell Division
When one cell divides into two, the daughter cells must be IDENTICAL to the parent cell
DNA management is key
Each human cell (excluding eggs or sperm) holds DNA containing 6 billion base pairs with approximately 50,000 protein-encoding genes
That DNA, if stretched out, would be 6 feet in length
Chromatin vs. Chromosome
MISCONCEPTION ALERT
Replication of DNA does NOT occur during mitosis! It has to occur BEFORE mitosis begins!!!
This is Your (Cell's) LIFE
The Cell Cycle
Interphase: G1, S, G2
Cell Division: Mitosis, Cytokinesis
A Little More About Chromosomes: centromere, sister chromatids, kinetochore
Moving Chromosomes Around: centrosome (spindle poles), astral microtubules, kinetochore microtubules
The Cell Cycle
Prophase
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Nucleolus disappears
Microtubule assembly begins
Prometaphase
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Kinetochore microtubules form and attach to kinetochores
Polar microtubules push against each other and push the centrosomes apart
Astral microtubules assemble to anchor the centrosomes at opposite poles
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate
Anaphase
Chromosomes break at the centromere into sister chromatids
Sister chromatids move toward opposite poles
Telophase
Chromatids (now called daughter chromosomes) begin to decondense into chromatin
Nuclear membranes begin to form around each set of daughter chromosomes
New cell wall begins to form (plants)
Cleavage furrow forms (animals)
Cleavage (why the fascination?)
Plants and Cell Wall Formation
How Often do Cells Divide?
When Things Go Wrong... Cancer

[@Penguinprof]

Thanks Simon - I'm SO glad to hear you have found my videos helpful. I took down the vlog because it made the site inappropriate for underage viewers (due to language in comment feed) and my status as an educational site with KZbinEDU would be jeopardized - NOT worth it! Anyway it was a quick experiment and I learned a lot. :) Best of luck to you in your new adventure and stay in touch!

[@jonwilson704]

Wow, this presentation was simple and to the point. I really picked up a lot from this video. Ive been reviewing the cell cycle for two weeks and learned more in 20 mins. Thank you.

[@Linkard]

Exactly the same for me :) Very understandable and helpful

[@mahmoodmoosavi3616]

I have never seen a presentation this comprehensive, straight forward and clear

[@loveovercomeshate]

You simplified the cell cycle that I've been battling with for so many months. Thank you very much. And you have a very soothing voice too!

[@Katabatic44]

PPMAT Prophase: chromatin condenses into chromosones Prometaphase: centrosomes pushed apart Metaphase: chromosones line up on a plane in the center Anaphase: chromosones separate telophase: cells divide

[@winonadaphne6445]

Your voice is full of expression, great visual material as well!

[@PeaceAndPaint]

I like the analogies that you use to explain! They help me remember certain things.

[@PhD4me]

Awesome job explaining the processes. Very soothing voice as well😁

[@Marlensitaa04]

oh gosh you are always so helpful! Beautifully broken down thanks!

[@sday813]

This was amazing! Super helpful! Thanks so much!!!

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I love your enthusiasm! Great job :)

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Very very helpful! I've been struggling in PreAp biology and this really caught me up! Thank you !

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I like Simplified version of your presentations on uninteresting subject like this one. Especially your analogies are perfect. Thank you.

[@ThatGuy09890]

I learned more about this in a free 20 minute video than I did I did in an over-complicated, 1 hour lecture. Thank you!!!

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Penguin Prof, you have explained mitosis and the cell cycle in 17 minutes better than my biology honors teach could in an hour. This video has helped me soooo much. If you wouldn't mind, I would love to stay in touch with you overtime as my biology class comes along. I think that with your help I could easily make an A

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+Fahad aLjbreen You are so welcome!

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[@Penguinprof]

+Gillian Smith I'm so glad!! Thanks for watching!

[@theresamaglahus6223]

Thank you! Such a big help!

[@yaya020298]

i guess i already undersrtand about mitosis very well . Thx a lot !

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Thank you so much. I have a test on cell division, and watching your video made everything make sense.

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[@Penguinprof]

+Aimee Jeman You are so welcome! I'm just getting started!!! Stay tuned. :)

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[@Penguinprof]

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My textbook uses 'late prophase' instead of 'prometaphase' which i guess is basically the same thing! This was so helpful thank you! xoxo

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[@Penguinprof]

+Faisal Asil SO GLAD to hear that! Thanks for watching!

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You explain it just as good as Mr. Anderson (Bozeman) thanks!

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You're welcome! Glad it was helpful!

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[@susiefranklin995]

what are the stages of cell cycle and mitosis? is there any chance if you could break it down with a quick explaination for each section. Thanks :)

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[@simranmalhotra6607]

Hey Prof. Penguin.. i am really thankful to you for such a video . You really did a lot ...I wish you to make a video for meiosis too....please... :)

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[@ritawong9347]

that is very useful because you make the thing easier. can you make a video to talk about meiosis as well? thank you so much!

[@Penguinprof]

+rita Wong Yes, it's on the list - thanks so much for watching!

[@linhmoon8695]

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[@shaiclov6908]

thanks alot that was help full . ijust have one question to ask why there is no dna duplication before meiosis II ? :)

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thank you so much..very educative video..any, what will happen to the organelles after cytokinesis??

[@Penguinprof]

+Hamida Marohom You are so welcome! Nothing happens - they are usually (fairly) equally divided and they settle down in their new daughter cell.

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