Photolithography: Step by step

[@FATCACAK]

I watched 10 videos before I could get this explained in a satisfactory way. Thank you sir. Absolutely fascinating

[@salmaasa2243]

You made this so easy and interesting! I have been stressed over this for the past hour and you cleared everything within 5 minutes! Thank you!

[@mariaivashentseva3829]

Can we just use a moment to appreciate how he managed to make such a boring topic a much more funny and entertaining? Thank you!

[@paveldvorak5512]

How the fuck is this boring?

[@paveldvorak5512]

If you know this stuff I guess it'd be boring but assuming you don't... How is this anything but fascinating?

[@rousseau327]

Pavel, maybe he knows this stuff

[@gabrielfriedel4754]

and short too!

[@NYD20]

He just explains the proces of making wafer’s. And if you dont know what a wafer is.. its the father of microchips. One of those first steps of creating microchips. If i’m wrong, please comment !

[@petteral94]

Thank you from Norway! You just saved my grade!

[@brunoscocozza7531]

Brilliant video. So useful, so condensed, perfection.

[@Asianpersuasion3]

Great video! And I just have to say, 2:05 may be the most clever use of the "rotate" animation that I've ever seen :)

[@firmman4505]

Brian Li lol

[@tankhaishin7503]

hahah, ikr, the classic rotation animation of power point

[@mubarakayinla]

Exactlyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy

[@maraganina]

Also the ONLY use of the rotate animation

[@saad2kaka]

Watched it second time and appreciating it more, you deserve something better than only Thank you. EXCELLENT!!!

[@forgotaboutbre]

drawing on stone with light ... AWESOME!!

[@harisha.g4792]

great video.....a thorough and a neat explanation!!!

[@aquss33]

To think that 14nm was the newest standard process just 7 years ago...

[@blendingdude3429]

Finally, I saw a bunch of videos showing the steps of building a microchip, but none explained to me how a machine was able to manipulate these tiny objects, finally this one explained, with light and chemicals, not with "physical" parts!

[@luisrr3]

Best video out there.

[@carlosnyasowa1709]

Thanks alot Jae-Hwang Lee⁦♥️⁩⁦♥️⁩ Thumbs up!! You are great, shame to those disliking a video like this. Please continue to add more videos like this on the process of transistors/processor production. You the great⁦♥️⁩

[@PARALLELPEOPLEAKSHAYB]

Simple explenation , thanks...

[@presidentiallsuite]

Very interesting and relative for today....🤔🏆

[@mehdimsari9608]

Thanks a lot man, it helps me alot

[@pindaanwale7517]

Thumbs Up And Hats Off For Guy. How he manage the so long and boring topic to look such an easy and interesting 👍♥ Thanks Sir

[@ravianandrao7761]

yes really helpful.. explicitly explained

[@petef15]

Thanks, now i know what i make at work.

[@skittlesli3258]

really useful.Thanks for sharing！

[@eddsardeen6829]

very clean and interesting explanation

[@marcenara3260]

saved my life thank you

[@cosanostra8341]

Thank you very much for the video. Could you tell me what are the possible causes of stitching lines? why some lith machine macke stitching line during the lith process an other machines dont have this problem? thank you very much!!!!!

[@dafnekittendorf6719]

Great video thanks

[@slevinshafel9395]

can be made aerogel with photolitografy? or some kind of sponge where have nanometer bubles inside and thin walls.

[@denebvegaaltair1146]

The silicon dioxide @3:28 can also be grown on top of the silicon right?

[@ambarsingh4495]

Great video. Thanks for making it easy and short.

[@ErossaanBooming]

very clear simple and interesting explantation

[@samiramammadova4942]

Great and great vıdeo !!! short and excellent explanatıon

[@samjoshua192]

how does etching not remove the silicone on the side and only the unprotected silicone @ 3.11

[@znb5873]

Well certainly size matters but 3D printing isn't going to solve Moore's Law issue (at least not permanently); circuit boards components are reaching atomic level.

[@honglangford9733]

@3:38, it should be "silicon dioxide that layers on top of the silicon layer" instead of "on top of the photoresist", right?

[@ARNAKLDO]

Are we aliens?!! I'm just amazed how peeps were able to come up with this amazing process.

[@kingXofXhell]

2:59 lol your wafer moved

[@Time-cc2qb]

That size matters at the end had me

[@saad2kaka]

Thank you very much

[@OneBluePopcorn]

Very concise.

[@markfinn825]

in 1984 and 1985 the company i did final assembly of semiconductor manufacturing equipment for, received processed wafers that had not passed QC to use as test wafers from customers that bought their products. With the developed wafers it could be seen that the circuitry was inside not on top of the wafer. The chemicals had penetrated wafer in each step. Nothing was on the wafer surface. Maybe like stained glass is not like painted glass. My guess is the glass is porous as far as glass stain is concerned. And wafers were porous as far as the chemicals used for them then,

[@rancosteel]

How do they create the reticle?

[@asevarasto]

That substrate in that visualization is the same thing as the silicone right? In MEMS technology it's all about the silicone. The substate is cut from silicone. And all etching is happening to that silicone substrate wafer. They're not different things. Correct me if i'm wrong

[@noquestionabaudit]

Yes

[@markfinn825]

Semiconductor manufacturing equipment of the mid 1980s was used to spin the wafer as chemical streams or sprays were applied to create the layered images inside. Dopants altered the silica atomic structure to create N or P type properties that in the end left an electronic circuit inside a little square of glass called a fragment that was about the size of a square seen with 1/4 inch graph paper. Photoresist made possible the etching away of doped areas inside the thin glass like wafer. N and P type areas combined formed transistors in the maybe thousands or hundred or hundreds of thousands in tiny areas thanks to a microfiche mask used to expose the photoresist for the etching processes. Like one photograph negative sandwiched between two pieces of glass the mask was. But there were maybe about 200 little square identical images in each maybe 4 inch mask. Protected from contaminants and friction in between the two pieces of glass the film photograph negative was safe to use over and over. But special equipment was used to cleanse the mask to increase yield. Else too many of those little squares would be faulty and not an effective micro miniaturized circuit inside that black rectangular computer chip.

[@IMpossible1987]

N using Boron (5 electron) were P using Phosphorus (3 electron) so electron can move around wafer atom (Si = 4 electron)

[@bijoyroychowdhuryprinon6768]

Brilliant

[@behnamasid]

5:23 that's what she said

[@movax20h]

Ok. But how do you make a mask itself? It also has extremely small features to begin with.

[@juaneer]

The point is that the optics used allow you to focus the light past the photo mask, meaning the mask itself doesn't have to be that small.

[@cat-.-]

Masks can be big, the light focuses after it passes the mask, so the images are small, like in a camera, a quarter inch cmos captures however wide and far a scene you like.

[@christophermullins7163]

Wouldn't is be a higher resolution rather than a lower resolution?

[@HeatherRogersMagic]

Wow. Okay. I'm writing a comedy magic show for JSR Micro and this will help in creating the script. ... Silk through phone could be the cleaning process...

[@loitfm720]

thanks for sharing

[@rihanatechie]

Which book did you refer ??

[@leealex24]

Question, do you have to keep putting "new" photoresist for each new layer?

[@corinnarust]

apparently yes

[@dwayneh3391]

Silicone is a resistor, right? So making groves into the silicone by photolithography and/or etched away is the paths where electrons ie current would travel through? Would the electrons travel up and down from the grooves to the substrate or along the groves that were etched away?

[@dwayneh3391]

Or is the electrical paths added to the etched groves during the doping phase ?

[@succulentus2771]

Maybe I misunderstood you, but there's a difference between silicone (a resistor), and silicon (a semi conductor) which is used as the base for the microchips.

[@klaushermann6760]

Well, the new Standart size is now reaching 2nm and even 1,4nm.

[@ewangoddard7345]

very digestable, cheers

[@mohanadkhaled9969]

Thank you

[@MatterStorm1]

and thus the entire digital dimension was made

[@samjoshua192]

how does etching not remove silicone on the sides during the chemical process

[@tonipopa]

the etching material wont react with the silicon.

[@samjoshua192]

@@tonipopa wow a reply to a question I asked 3 years ago

[@tonipopa]

@@samjoshua192 yeah I watched the video and saw your question and thought I should reply 😋

[@jamadir]

@@samjoshua192 i hope it helped

[@Jennn]

Oh my goodness. I feel so silly that I am learning everything I am... And only realized today that thermal paste is made of silicone...

[@greenlantern4127]

Very good video very informative but had to watch it on mute as instructed by faculty

[@mosab643]

Where would we be without chemistry?

[@kalpeshwani8520]

Is Non animated -- real video of same process explained available ??????

[@ravindrajoshi4111]

Interesting

[@corinnarust]

Please, any wise person to ask some questions? What "silicon" is exactly, i know there are p-type & n-type, this "silicon" is the opposite type of the substrate? How is a mask of one single transistor?

[@luyang7033]

Love the Big Ben joke! 😂

[@zoer7105]

shorter wavelengths of light generate a higher resolution?? the shorter the wavelength the more precise the image... like you said they shortened the wavelength from 365nm to smaller wavelengths, to improve resolution. overall great concise and effective video though

[@danarcese4248]

Instead of R~λ/NA, R should be replaced with minimum feature size (CD) so CD~λ/NA so if the wavelength increases the minimum feature size increases and if the wavelength decreases ( frequency increases) and the minimum feature size decreases so smaller patterns can be put on the photoresist layer.

[@mao5441]

@@danarcese4248 conclusion the relationship between wavelength and resolution is?

[@psun256]

@@danarcese4248 Waaaaaa?

[@danarcese4248]

@@mao5441 as wavelength increases resolution decreases

[@danarcese4248]

@@psun256 resolution and minimum feature size are inversely proportional. if your resolution increases (think a nice tv) then things aren't blurry and you can see more distinct objects even if they're smaller ( smaller min feature size)

[@bhuvanpatle4523]

Size matters current 5nm

[@lemonade2473]

oh now I get it...

[@wahajaijaz7690]

photolithograghy: Size matters!🤣

[@relskull3324]

size matters👍

[@mao5441]

4:38 shorter wavelength of light generate a lower resolution ? From that formula shown obviously the higher wavelength will produce better resolution. BTW it's a good explanation thanks.

[@vibodhj349]

You contradicted yourself! Check what you have written.

[@klaasbernd]

The formula is good. Resolution in this case is defined as feature size. Smaller feature size is better. Smaller wavelength means smaller feature size.

[@burrybondz225]

@@vibodhj349 he didn't contradict himself. He was asking for a clarification because he assumed that he spotted a contradiction. The first sentence was him quoting the video; I'm guessing the lack of quotation marks confused you.

[@saltysauce39]

good question

[@b51navneethvislawath95]

"size matters" haha this guy is funny.

[@tridip66]

Today we stand at 5nm with EUV

[@skorakora]

I am really at wrong uni, my knowledge and interests are much above that uni tries to teach me. But what I could do, my country screwd up educational system so much that my only choice was some bad university

[@greencard6070]

Based

[@Knightfire66]

5:00 its 5nm now I think

[@josephixtone3350]

We are now at 3nm, just imagine

[@koenlaermans1963]

jeeeesus christ u should be a rapper

[@hrushihrushi8983]

what is the use of photoresist and why applying and removing?

[@nodame1009]

Photoresist is used To create pattern on wafers

[@lukehill6272]

Hopefully someone with the expertise and knowledge can help me here I cannot find my answers anywhere... I have been tasked to produce a power point on LED manufacturing and its requirement for vacuum. id be forever grateful for any the answers to any of these questions I've watched endless videos on KZbin. Thanks in advance. The questions are: 1)A wide variety of systems used in LED manufacture require a certain level of vacuum pressure, what is the necessity for vacuum in this environment? 2) what are the various methods of achieving low and high vacuum pressure (pumps) 3) what measurement systems are used to indicate the various ranges (gauges)

[@hangchen7983]

Size matters. Yea,

[@aegon_targerian]

size matters😁😁

[@HiteshPatel-pn8xc]

Badhay nu joine aevu lage se ke jordar haseeeee.

[@vinaykumarhs5509]

"Size matters",🤣🤣🤣 😳😶 😭😭😭😭😭🤣

[@samspeaks2016]

At this rate I wouldn't even be surprised if this was all figured out and done in a night. And you'd think the first guy to milk a cow was out there. Who on earth figured this out..

[@typeofpeach720]

Alguien en 2021?

[@akhila838]

Lithography and photo lithography differences?

[@psun256]

Lithography is a physical process (like printing press) and photolithography uses light to "print" it.

[@akhila838]

@@psun256 OK thanks 😇

[@psun256]

@@akhila838 You're welcome!

[@kewalofi8849]

5:23 Conclusion "Size matters "

[@ritiittiii9344]

printing on stone with light not printing with light (photography)

[@samuelsakala6361]

5:23 thats whats she said hahaha

[@hepbitkin9854]

"Size matters" was a bit awkward though.

[@siddharthkatiyar1990]

1:40, i think u meant SiO2

[@manideepp2229]

Yes it sio2 not si

[@fastfourier3]

did you say SIZE MATTERS lol

[@timwulff649]

Size matters

[@vibodhj349]

lol

[@karthikkrishna5870]

Stop working on the size of chips .somone Start working on reducing the size of battery. Good video.

[@vibodhj349]

lol

[@ImGoodThankYou]

I know right! F*** Moore and the microelectronics industry!

[@reddragonflyxx657]

1. Smaller process nodes enable greater efficiency reducing the drain on batteries by electronics at a given performance level 2. We may as well continue to use the lithography industry's developed R&D resources until quick progress ends. Otherwise we'll have to rebuild the labs later on when chips are revisited. 3. Electrochemistry has very different problems, and there are no obvious improvements to be made on current technologies. Funding would go to basic (not applied) research and the chances of useful results would be extremely slim (not attractive to investors). 4. We should still fund basic research more, it's where the most important technologies come from. 5. We need better batteries, and current ones are terrible. There's quite a bit of money going into efforts to change that (both by reducing the need and improving the batteries).

[@psun256]

Smaller process = less heat and lower power comsumption. If they work on making it smaller, you won't need a massive battery.

[@nivekakninblarg8076]

It's made that way for planned obsolesce.

[@prashntapandey757]

@2024 chip size reached 3nm

[@X7cF4]

Let's make sure the Chinese government does t get their hands on this content

[@Hoiu1106]

Who r seeing this in 2023?

[@eightnoteight]

how a university project video in the end says "size matters"

[@y_x2]

A bit outdate...

[@SubhashChandra-ry6cj]

please sir send me video in hindi language

[@fartknocker132]

LOL. Good luck with that.

[@amineaboutalib]

HAHAHAHAHAHAH

[@waltercabey4352]

Needs improvements, too rigid and unoriginal

[@qwdsdnaovbav]

Big Ben isn't that iconic nor is your sense of humor