Рет қаралды 10,370
I share the link of my channel. / @mauriciogiuliodori
It describes how body temperature is regulated homeostatically. How the thermoregulatory system is composed: the heat and cold sensors or receptors, the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center, the body temperature adjustment range and the effectors or controllers of heat production and elimination. It shows how thermoreceptors (heat and cold receptors) work, how they are distributed in the body and through which sensory pathways they transmit thermal information (eg: spinothalamic pathway). In addition, the efferent pathways of the thermoregulatory system develop: the noradrenergic neurons (of the sympathetic nervous system) and the thyroid axis. It explains how muscle contraction generates heat and how the involuntary contractions of antagonistic muscles, typical of chills, are stimulated by alpha and gamma motor neurons. Furthermore, it is shown how lipolysis (of brown fat) produces heat through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP 1) of the mitrochondrial respiratory chain. This UCP1 is activated by free fatty acids (non-esterified fatty acids) released by synergistic action of norepinephrine and the thyroid axis. It describes how heat is lost through the skin and how the blood carries heat from the muscles to the skin. Body temperature is defined as one of the regulated physiological variables and the vasomotor tone of the blood vessels of the skin, thermogenesis due to chills and thermogenesis not associated with chills (thermogenesis of brown fat or lipolysis of fatty tissue Brown as controlled physiological variables. The physiological principle of equilibrium is shown. The physiological and behavioral responses to changes in outside temperature are described. The thermoneutral zone, the upper and lower critical temperatures, and heat and cold stress are explained.