Comparative Anatomy (Digestive System part 2)

[@hitoreee2232]

hi. may i ask why the esophagus of ruminants are keratinized while carnivores aren't? is there a specific reason? thank you!

[@pinoyvetanatomist3742]

it is because of the diet. ruminants eat grasses thus the lining of the esophagus must be keratinized for protection purposes

[@samiibrahim2643]

Thanks alot doctor

[@sinokuphilakekezwa9704]

Hello Dr.. Could u please explain the relation between the unexistence of a gall bladder in horses in Relation to the hind gut fermentation if ang..how do horses function without liver??

[@pinoyvetanatomist3742]

Hi. Horses eat frequently thus the bile needs not to be stored in the gallbladder. And they have liver. They just lack the gall bladder.